The third day of the third lunar month is Shangsi Festival, commonly known as the third day of the third lunar month, which is a traditional folk festival in China. This festival can be traced back to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. This is the most important festival in ancient times. People go to the water to take a bath together, which is called "praise" Since then, it has added sacrificial banquets and winding water.
In ancient times, the first three days in early March were marked by "cadres and branches", which was called "thinking above". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, this festival was changed to the third day of March, so it was also called Chongsan or March 3. Later generations inherited it, and it became a festival of drinking water by the water and having a spring outing in the suburbs. The traditional Shangsi Festival is also a baby day, that is, "Spring Bath Day", also known as Daughter's Day. After the Song Dynasty, Shangsi Festival, like Flower Festival, was gradually forgotten by people.
Today, March 3rd is still a grand festival in some minority areas in southwest China. From the Songkran Festival held on March 3rd every year in Dali, Yunnan, we can vaguely see the shadow of ancient festivals. The festival "March 3rd" is still very popular among Zhuang, Dong, Buyi, Yao, Li, She, Tu and other ethnic minorities.
Shangsi Festival has an indissoluble bond with water, also known as "Spring Bath Day". There are also infant, shaving or bathing activities. Bathing is for disaster relief. At that time, people thought that women's infertility was caused by ghosts and gods, so they used the bath of Shangsi Festival to treat infertility.
In this way, over time, bathing has become an important part of Shangsi Festival. Qushui is an ancient game in China. This game is very old. There is a saying in the poem: "Feathers go with the flow".
Folk customs on March 3 rd
Traditional folk custom
Han people will hold ancestor worship ceremonies in Henan, the hometown of the Yellow Emperor. ?
Distinctive national characteristics
Zhuang people
According to the custom of "March 3rd" in Zhuang nationality, many people only know how to talk about love with songs. In fact, there are many customs in the "March 3rd" of Zhuang nationality, such as grabbing fireworks, throwing hydrangeas and eating colorful glutinous rice, which are also interesting holiday customs.
Five-color glutinous rice
Before the festival, every household prepared colorful glutinous rice and eggs. People collect red bluegrass, yellow rice flowers, maple leaves and wisteria, and soak glutinous rice with the juice of these plants to make red, yellow, black, purple and white glutinous rice. According to legend, this kind of food was handed down after winning the appreciation of fairies; Some people say that this is a sacrifice to the Song fairy Liu Sanjie. After eating this kind of meal, people will be prosperous and healthy. Eggs are objects used by young men and women in Gewei to communicate and convey their feelings.
Grab fireworks
On the third day of the third lunar month and after the autumn harvest, folk associations in some ethnic minority areas in Guangxi spontaneously organized fireworks-grabbing campaigns. Eight people from each team took part in the fireworks display. Players rush into the other side's battery by breaking through, blocking people, changing direction and rushing quickly, and throw fireworks into the score. The rules are similar to western football, so it is called "Oriental football". The traditional "fireworks" is an iron ring, about 5 cm in diameter, wrapped in red cloth or red silk. The competition venue is generally located on the river bank or hillside, and the number of people and teams is not limited. Every shot must be robbed, and the third shot is over. ?
Hydrangea flirting
Hydrangea in Xu Ge is a handicraft made by girls before the festival. Exquisite craftsmanship, all silk crafts: 12 petals are connected into a sphere, each petal represents a month of the year, embroidered with flowers of that month. Some hydrangeas are made into squares and polygons. Hydrangeas are filled with beans, millet or cottonseed. The balls are connected by ribbons, and the tassels and decorative beads symbolize pure love. ?
Carry a pole
Playing pole dancing is a traditional self-entertainment activity. Every banker is an actor performing in the hall. Women's movements are light and graceful, while men's movements are powerful. The "theater" that entertains itself places the Zhuang people's desire for a bumper harvest.
The dance forms of the pole are duet, four people wearing flowers, and many people wearing flowers. Dancers are mostly even. The performers hold the pole, around the bench or rice trough, beat the bench rhythmically, and sometimes beat each other's poles. ?
Talk about love with songs
The "March 3rd" Song Festival is a good opportunity for young men and women to communicate. Every time, young men and women within dozens of miles of Fiona Fang will gather at the concert. The young man sang against the girl he liked under the guidance of the singer.
Usually, young men take the initiative to sing "sightseeing songs" first, observe and look for opponents, and sing songs that will be invited when they meet the right person. If the woman is interested, she will agree. The young men sang inquiry songs again, and became friends with each other, singing love songs and making love songs. The lyrics are all improvised and blurted out.
If the girl thinks that the young talents and talents in front of her are satisfied, she will quietly give the hydrangea in her arms to the right person while others are not paying attention. "He" will return it with handkerchiefs, towels and other items, and then the song will be sweeter, so she will order Qin Jin's good. ?
Play a bronze drum
Some ethnic minorities in Guangxi have always had the habit of beating bronze drums during festivals or sacrifices, and this custom has been passed down to this day. Now, the Zhuang people in Donglan and Tiane celebrate "March 3rd" and the Spring Festival every year, while the Yao people in Du 'an, Bama and Dahua celebrate festivals, and the Yao people in Nandan hold funeral ceremonies. When the Miao people in Nandan Zhongdao celebrate the Spring Festival or meet festive occasions, they should beat gongs and drums to express their feelings of celebration or mourning. ?
Touch an egg
Eggs are things that dye boiled eggs in various colors to convey feelings. The young man took an egg in the song fair to touch the egg in the girl's hand; If the girl doesn't want to, don't touch the egg. Let the boy touch it if she wants. After the egg cracked, they ate the egg, which sowed the seeds of love. Now touching an egg means "touch, touch good luck". ?
shield
March 3 of the Dong people is also called Sowing Festival, Begging for Onions Festival and Fireworks Festival. According to Dong's legend, in ancient times, they always regarded the flowering of tung flowers as a transplant festival. But one year, this tung tree didn't blossom, so it missed the farming season and had to flee to Beijing.
In order to learn lessons from the past, on March 3, people played Lusheng, visited relatives and friends, and reminded each other that it was time to do farm work. On March 3rd, the Dong people held fireworks, bullfighting, Touma, singing duet and stepping on the hall, so it was also called "Fireworks Festival".
Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)
In memory of this national hero, people named it March 3, also known as "Ganba Festival". Before March 3rd every year, Yaomen must kill wild animals in the old forest one week in advance, touch fish and shrimp in the river, bake them into dry pens and take them home, and distribute them to households, enjoying the joy of bumper harvest.
Women went up the mountain to pick natural dyes such as small indigo leaves, boiled them and dyed them into red, yellow, blue and purple glutinous rice for Pangu. On the day of the festival, the Yao people put down their farm work and have a collective rest 1 day. Men read classics, drink and entertain, while girls and boys get together in the barren hills and wild forests beside the stockade, singing, playing and falling in love. ?
Cloth (BY)
Every year, the third day of the third lunar month is a traditional national festival of the Buyi people in Zhenfeng and Wangmo. In the traditional concept, in order to make the whole village achieve the goal of "praying for disaster relief, keeping the village safe, good weather and abundant crops", Zhenfeng Buyi people who have lived on the banks of Beipan River for generations will hold corresponding sacrificial activities on the third day of the third lunar month.
Mountain worship is one of the main activities of Buyi people on March 3. Sacrifice to mountain gods should be carried out after "sweeping the village to ward off evil spirits" On the third day of March, every family in the stockade, except a male parent, will attend the activities of offering sacrifices to the mountain gods. After hearing the firecrackers set off before the sacrifice to the mountain god to kill pigs, the rest of the young and old will go up the mountain to "hide insects", that is, to avoid all kinds of insect disasters and plagues.
The Buyi festival "March 3" has undergone many changes, becoming a group gathering in Buyi areas, with special song and dance performances and other festival entertainment activities.