Keywords: tourism; Tourism resources; Comparison; coordinate
First, the basic situation of tourism in Qiongao
Hainan is known as the "Pearl of the South China Sea". It is a tropical season, with no winter all year round, characterized by high temperature, rainy and humid all year round. From 200/kloc-0 to 2009, Hainan received a total of 654.38+43 million tourists, including 4.7807 million overseas tourists (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), and the total tourism revenue was1665.438+72 million US dollars. In 2009, the province received a total of 22,503,300 tourists, double the 5438+0 in 2006. Among them, 5501.5 million overseas tourists were received, which was 1.2 1 times that of 2006. Received 2 1, 95 1.8 million domestic tourists, 2.03 times that of 200 1. In 2009, Hainan's tourism revenue was 21172 million yuan, 2.4 1 times that of 5438+0 in 2006, accounting for 12.86% of GDP in 2009.
Macao has the reputation of "Monte Carlo of the East". It belongs to the subtropical season, with hot and humid and rainy weather, beautiful natural landscape and tropical coastal charm. From 2000/KLOC-0 to 2009, Macao received a total of 654.38+63 million tourists, including 803,245.438+0 million overseas tourists, with a total tourism revenue of 32.338 billion US dollars. In 2009, it received 21752,800 tourists, 5438+02 times that of 2006. Among them, the number of overseas tourists received was 10767600, which was 200 1 .48 times; The number of tourists received in Chinese mainland is 65,438+0,098,520, which is 3.66 times that of 5,438+0 in 2006. In 2009, Macau's tourism revenue was US$ 4.403 billion, 2.48 times that of 200 1, accounting for 20.53% of GDP in 2009.
Second, the comparison of tourism resources between Qiongao and Macao.
(A) Overview of Hainan's tourism resources
Hainan province has unique tropical tourism resources, which provides a good foundation for creating colorful tourism products. Set natural scenery, ethnic customs, tropical hot springs, cultural relics, rare animals in one, with a number of high-grade attractions. At present, Hainan's tourism industry has broken the single structure of sightseeing products and started to expand to holiday leisure and various special tourism products, among which holiday tourism, eco-tourism, golf tourism, exhibition tourism and other special tourism products are rich. In addition, go on road trip, adventure tourism, wedding tourism and other new tourism formats have developed rapidly, especially the unique tropical island holiday and leisure tourism has begun to take shape and is unique in China. A number of high-quality tourist attractions and resorts with distinctive features, rich connotations and high level have been built, such as Yalong Bay National Holiday Tourist Area, Nansan, Tianya Haijiao Tourist Area, Big and Small Cave Tourist Area, Boao Tourist Area and Qixianling Hot Spring Holiday Leisure Area. At the same time, there are a number of large-scale tourism projects under construction in Hainan Province, such as Sanya Haitang Bay, Lingshui perfume bay, Wanning Shenzhou Peninsula, Wenchang Aerospace Theme Park, Haikou Melissa, Chengmai Yingbin Peninsula and so on. All these make Hainan's holiday tourism popular with more and more domestic and foreign tourists, and there are tourists from time to time all year round [1].
(B) Overview of Macao's tourism resources
Macao is rich in tourism resources, and it is a diversified tourist city that combines beautiful scenery, cultural customs and Chinese and Western cuisines. Although Macao is small in size, it is rich in various resources, such as Lulian Ruo Park, Song Yusheng Memorial Park and Art Park. Master Temple, Kannonji Temple and Lianfeng Temple, which are known as the "three ancient temples"; Apojing with local characteristics, the Provisional Municipal Council Building with southern European characteristics, St. Paul's archway, one of the famous monuments, and the lighthouse looking east. In recent years, in order to further promote the development of tourism in Macao, the Macao government has built new tourist attractions and cultural facilities such as country parks, Heisha Park, Zhuwan Park, Macao Museum, Macao Cultural Center and Convention Center, rebuilt Apojing, planned Shipaiwan Island Park, and also carried out cultural activities such as Macao International Music Festival, Macao Art Festival, international fireworks display, dragon boat race and car race. At the same time, the relevant departments of Macao government often hold publicity activities such as "Macau Tourism" to introduce Macao's history, culture and customs, attract domestic and foreign tourists to visit Macao, and promote the diversification of Macao's tourism industry [2].
Third, the comparison of tourism development indicators between Qiongao and Macao.
(A) Comparison of tourism economic income differences between Qiongao and Macao
1. Comparison of the proportion of tourism revenue in GDP in Qiong 'ao
From the table 1, it can be seen that the tourism revenue of Hainan Province increased rapidly from 2005 to 2009, and the tourism revenue in 2009 was 2.03 times that in 2005, but the proportion of tourism revenue to GDP did not change much during this period. Compared with Hainan, Macao's tourism revenue and the proportion of tourism revenue to GDP are much higher than that of Hainan in the same period. In addition, the proportion of Macao's tourism revenue to GDP is declining, especially in the global financial crisis environment, Macao's tourism revenue has been significantly affected; However, Hainan's total tourism revenue and the proportion of tourism revenue to GDP have increased slightly on a stable basis.
2. Comparison of per capita tourism income in Qiong 'ao As can be seen from Table 2, the per capita tourism income in Hainan has changed greatly from 184.8 USD in 2005 to 358.68 USD in 2009, almost doubling. Compared with Hainan, Macao's per capita tourism income increased from 7344.62 US dollars to 865438 US dollars +020.62, with an increase of only 0. 1 1 times. Among them, in 2005, the gap between per capita tourism income of Qiong 'ao and Macao was the largest, reaching 39.82 times, and then the gap between them gradually narrowed. In addition, Hainan's per capita tourism income has increased year by year, showing an upward trend; However, Macao's per capita tourism income experienced a three-year growth from 2005 to 2007 and a two-year decline after the global financial crisis.
(B) Comparison of the differences between tourists and hosts in the tourism industry in Qiongao.
From Table 3, we can find the following differences: First, there is little difference in the absolute number of tourists received by Qiong and Macao, but Hainan is rising, and Macao began to land from time to time after 2007. Over the years, the total number of tourist receptions in Hainan reached10 million, from 1.5 1.647 in 2005 to 22,503,300 in 2009. Except in 2005 (187 1. 1.2 million), the total number of tourists in Macao was below 20 million, reaching a peak of 27.003 million in 2007, but it began to decline from time to time. By 2009, the total number of tourists was 2 1.7528 million. Secondly, judging from the annual growth rate of tourists, the annual growth rate of tourists in Hainan has been positive for many years. In contrast, the annual growth rate of inbound tourists in Macao fluctuated sharply, with negative growth in 2008 and 2009. Third, judging from the dispersion of tourists at home and abroad, Qiong 'ao and Macao show completely opposite trends. About 96% of Hainan tourists come from Chinese mainland, and Chinese mainland is its main source market. As long as about 50% of Macau's tourists come from Chinese mainland and the other 50% mainly come from overseas markets such as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea, the number of overseas tourists will play a decisive role in the development of Macau's tourism industry. Fourthly, there is a great difference between Qiong 'ao and Macao in terms of tourism density. Hainan's tourism density has been around 2, with the highest reaching 2.605, while Macao's tourism density has been above 30, reaching 50. 18 in 2007.
(3) Comparison of the differences in the perfection of tourist reception facilities in Qiong 'ao.
1. Longitudinal comparison of tourism equipment in Qiongao
As can be seen from Table 4, from 2004 to 2008, the number of tourist equipment hotels in Hainan increased year by year. In 2004, there were 326 hotels with 83,438 beds. In 2008, the number of hotels and guesthouses reached 440, 65,438+06,973 respectively, with growth rates of 35% and 40% respectively. In five years, Hainan's tourism equipment has developed rapidly, and the bed density has increased from 2.36 to 3.3 1.
As can be seen from Table 4, the development of tourist facilities in Macau is relatively slow, with five hotels increasing year by year during the five years from 2004 to 2008, which indicates that the development of tourist hotels in Macau may be saturated. At the same time, the growth rate of the number of tourist beds in Macao is relatively slow, but due to the scarcity of land resources in Macao, the growth rate of bed density is very high, from 676.04 in 2004 to 1663.438+08 in 2008, which has more than doubled.
2. Horizontal comparison of tourism equipment in Qiongao.
As can be seen from Table 4, there are great differences between Qiong and Ao in the number of tourist hotels. For example, in 2008, the number of tourist hotels in Qiong 'ao and Macau was 1 16973 and 48565 respectively, a difference of 2.4 times. However, in terms of bed density, the density of tourist beds in Macao is more than 200 times that in Hainan over the years, which may be because the soil space in Macao is only a few thousandths of that in Hainan, while the number of tourist beds in Macao has reached about 1/3 of that in Hainan. At the same time, it also shows that Hainan has great potential to develop tourism equipment, and the development of tourism reception equipment in Macao may be limited by astronomical factors.
(4) Comparison of tourism level and transportation convenience in Qiongao.
1. Comparison of tourist flow and turnover in Qiongao
As can be seen from Table 5, due to the objective factors such as the product of land and air and the procedures for mainland tourists to enter Macao, Hainan has a greater advantage in the passenger flow of all means of transport. During the five years from 2004 to 2008, Hainan's passenger flow in highway, civil aviation and water transport showed an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the growth rate of highway passenger flow is 4.49%, 8.7%, 8.4% and10.2% respectively; The growth rate of civil aviation passenger flow is 20. 1%, 23.5%, 15.7% and 44. 1% respectively, especially in 2008. The growth rate of water passenger flow is 13.9%, 62.8%, 9.23% and 32.02% respectively. This shows that in recent years, Hainan has attached great importance to the development of tourist transportation. During the five years from 2004 to 2008, Macao's inbound roads and civil aviation passenger flow have not changed much, which may be due to Macao's special astronomical factors. The land traffic flow between Guangdong and Macao restricts the passenger flow of roads in Macao, and taxis and tourist buses are the main modes of transportation in Macao SAR. As can be seen from Table 5, in terms of civil aviation, Hainan has a small advantage over Macao, but with the passage of time, its relative advantage has gradually increased. This shows that Hainan is actively establishing an international tourist island and developing diversified means of transportation from time to time to attract tourists from all over the world. Similarly, Macao, as an important aircraft transit and cargo distribution center in the world, also plays a corresponding role. Qionghai and Macao should strengthen exchanges and promote mutual benefit and win-win results.
2. Comparison of the length of tourist traffic lines in Qiongao.
Hainan is blessed with astronomical conditions and has the following tourist transportation skills: car ferry, train ferry, passenger ferry and civil aviation. As can be seen from Table 6, the mileage of highways in Hainan increased gradually in 2005-2006, mainly because Hainan paid attention to improving the driving quality of highways, abandoned a large number of damaged highways and built expressways instead. Until 20 10, the mileage of Hainan highway exceeded 20,000 kilometers for the first time, which shows that Hainan government attaches great importance to the construction of highway transportation infrastructure and equipment. In contrast, during the five years from 2004 to 2008, the highway mileage and waterway mileage of Macao remained stable, although it was far from Hainan in absolute terms. However, in the case that the geographical area is much smaller than Hainan, Macao has been at the forefront of the world in making full use of the advantages of waterways to develop water attractions. In terms of civil routes, as a major passenger destination and transit point in the world, Macao's aviation industry is developing well. In contrast, Hainan's tourism is short of civil routes, and the gap between the two places is still widening year by year.
Four. Countermeasures and measures to promote tourism development and cooperation between Hainan and Macao
Through the above comparative analysis, we can find that although the tourism development of Qiongao and Macao has its own characteristics and advantages, there are also some deficiencies. In view of this, this paper puts forward the following five countermeasures and suggestions.
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