1 1 century BC, Yin Ke, Zhou Wuwang established its new capital here. In 25 years, the Eastern Han Dynasty was established, with Luoyang as its capital. In 220, Cao Pi established the State of Wei, with Luoyang as its capital. In 265, the Western Jin Dynasty replaced Wei and still took Luoyang as its capital. In 494, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, where the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Cao Wei Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, Hou Liang, the Later Tang Dynasty and the Later Jin Dynasty * *1/made their capitals or accompanied them for nearly 900 years. It is one of the cities with a long history in China. (copy and paste) O(∩_∩)O Luoyang is a famous historical city in China and one of the six famous ancient capitals in China. It is like a bright pearl, shining in the east of the world. The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation, and Luoyang is the center of this cradle. Luoyang is easy to defend but difficult to attack, because it is in the world. Therefore, in the long history of China for thousands of years, many dynasties have successively established their capitals here. Luoyang is known as the "ancient capital of nine dynasties" at home and abroad. The so-called "Nine Dynasties" has two meanings: First, it refers to numerous dynasties. In ancient China, "Nine" was the biggest. The second refers to the nine dynasties. The first statement is inaccurate. The second statement does not conform to historical facts. How many dynasties took Luoyang as their capital? According to historical facts and archaeological findings, I think that 15 dynasties, namely Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Western Han, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Wu Zhou, Hou Liang, Later Tang and Later Jin, all established their capitals in Luoyang. Now I will explain them separately. First, the Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in the history of China. According to the chronicles of bamboo slips, the Xia Dynasty existed from 2 1 century BC to16th century BC, with a history of more than 470 years and 17 emperors. Luoyang area is the hinterland of Xia nationality. Yu, the first king of Xia Dynasty, started as Yangcheng and later moved to Yangzhai. Yangcheng is in Dengfeng and Yangzhai is in Yuxian, both of which are not far from Luoyang. Tai Kang (son of Qi), the first emperor of Xia Dynasty, was poured (searched). The ancient version of Bamboo Records records: "Tai Kang Ju Zhen (seeking it)." This edition of bamboo chronicles also says: "Zhong Kang is the throne, according to it." "Historical Records Xia Benji" says: "Taikang lives in it (seeking it), living in it, and living in it." Yi people, namely Houyi, are the leaders of the Yi people in the East. He used Taikang's helplessness and Xia people's resentment to enter the palace (find Yi) to take power and exclude Taikang. Taikang died, helped Zhong Kang to ascend to the throne, and still lived in the palace (looking for it), and was killed by his cronies Han Zhuo. Where is it? There are different opinions at present. "On Mandarin Zhou Yu" says: "In the past, Iraq and Luo exhausted, but Xia died." Prove that it is in the Ilo area. "Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi in Historical Records" said: "Xia Jie's residence is near the river on the left and Taihua on the right, with a que in the south and a narrow intestine in the north." Luoyang is in this position. During the period of 1959, China Institute of Archaeology conducted archaeological excavations in Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang, and found Erlitou area as a large-scale capital site, named Erlitou culture. According to carbon 14, its absolute age is equivalent to that of Xia dynasty, which is more than 4000 years ago, and it is a large-scale capital site of Xia dynasty. The total area is 3.75 square kilometers. There are large palace ruins inside. Archaeologists believe that Erlitou cultural site is the site of the capital of Xia Dynasty, that is, the location of the capital of Xia Dynasty. In the Xia Dynasty, three emperors, Taikang, Zhong Kang and Xia Jie, all established their capitals here. "Imperial Century" records: Taikang reigned for 29 years. According to Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Zhong Kang reigned for 52 years, and the capital of Xia Dynasty searched for 94 years. Second, the Shang Dynasty was the second dynasty in the history of China, and it was also a period of high development of slavery society in China. Shangben is an ancient tribe in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and a branch of Dongyi nationality. Xia dynasty is a vassal state of Xia dynasty. Shang tribes often migrated. From the Qi Dynasty to the 14th of the Tang Dynasty, * * * migrated eight times. The main areas of Shang tribe activities are northern Henan, southern Hebei and southwestern Shandong. The last settlement of Tang Dynasty was Shangqiu in the east of Henan Province, which was called Nanhao in history. Li Shang died in the summer around16th century BC. After Shang Tang captured Xiadu, he decided to build another new capital near Xiadu. After the completion of the new capital, Shang Tang moved from Nanhao to Xihao. Where is Shangdu Xihao? This is a question that has been around for thousands of years. "Henan Yanshi is Xihao, the capital of Di Ku and Tang Suo, and the capital of Pan Geng." This Xihao is in Luoyang Yanshi corpse township. During the period of 1983, China Academy of Social Sciences conducted archaeological excavations in Xianggou, Dahuashu and Tazhuang in Yanshi, Luoyang, and found the ruins of this shopping mall. Since then, the secret of Xihao has been uncovered, and the historical mystery about Xihao for thousands of years has been ended. This is an important discovery of historians at home and abroad. The total area of the mall is 6.5438+0.9 million square meters. There are palace ruins in the south-central part of the city. Miyagi is square. There are several palace buildings behind the main hall, which are located in the east-west direction. The roads in the city are orderly. There is a ring road outside the city. This large commercial volunteer was obviously built according to the specifications of the capital. According to the absolute age measured by carbon 14, it is a city in the early Shang Dynasty. Third, the Shang Dynasty cultural site of Yanshi corpse township in Luoyang is the location of Xihao in Shangdu. The Chronicle of Bamboo Books says: "Tang Juxi, in the first year of Zhongding, was ugly and moved to Ye." "Historical Records of Yin Benji" also said: "By the time I arrived in Pan Geng, Yin had been in Hebei and Pan Geng and lived in his former residence." He also said, "Emperor Geng Ding collapsed, the son emperor Wu Yili established, and Yin Fu moved to Hebei." It can be seen that the Shang Dynasty made two voyages to the West. For the first time, Shangdu Xihao, from about171year BC to 1482 BC, lasted for 230 years, and went through the Tang Dynasty,,, Taijia, Woding, Taigeng, Yongji, Taiwuhe 10. The second trip to Xihao, from 13 10 BC to140 BC, counted as 170 years, passed through Pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiaoyi, Wuding, Zu Geng, Zujia, Bingxin and Gengding. The West was lost twice, and Emperor *** 19, for more than 400 years. Since Pan Geng in Shang Dynasty, a dual capital system has been implemented, with one city in the south and the other in the north. Luoyang and Anyang became twin cities in Shang and Yin Dynasties. Thirdly, the Zhou surname of Luoyang, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was originally a tribe with a long history in western China. Together with Xia and Shang tribes, they are called the three tribes at the end of primitive society in China. In Xia and Shang Dynasties, Zhou was their vassal state. At the end of Shang Dynasty, he was fatuous. When he was the king of Wu, Zhou's power was already very strong, and he was determined to destroy Shang. In BC 1066, Zhou Wuwang took the opportunity to lead many people to the east and crossed the river via Jin Meng in the north of Luoyang, thus overthrowing Zhou Xing, the ruler of Shang Dynasty. History is called the Western Zhou Dynasty. King Wu wanted to build a capital in Luoyang after destroying its commerce. "Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Three Years" contains: "Wang Wu was OK, and moved to Jiuding in Luoyi". Jiuding is a national weapon, and wherever it is moved, it is the place to build its capital. King Wu came to Luoyang for the first time after destroying the business, and decided to build a city here immediately, named Luoyi. Its address is in the southeast of today's Baima Temple. Jiuding moved to this city. "Historical Records Zhou Benji" contains: "Wu lived in Luoyi for a week and then went." Between concentration camps, King Wu once went to Songshan Mountain to worship heaven. After the negotiation, King Wu did not immediately return to the pick. Instead, he lived in Luoyang to inspect the terrain, built a residence for Zhou people, sacrificed to heaven in Songshan and moved to Jiuding. At the same time, before the Duke of Zhou built Luoyi, the name of Luoyang had been called Luoyi, and it was estimated that it was not big. Although King Wu wanted to build a capital in Luoyi, he didn't move the capital until the king of the city. In the second year after the collapse of Shang Dynasty, King Wu died in Haojiang, and he became king and acceded to the throne. Because he is a young king, his uncle Zhou Gong assists him in management. When he became king, he sent Duke Zhou to Luoyang to "re-camp in Luoyi". After actual measurement, large-scale construction projects began. The construction of Luoyang was completed from March to1February. Since then, two capitals have appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Haojiang in the west is called Zhou Zong, and Luoyi in the east is called Chengzhou. Chengzhou is divided into imperial city and summer capital. Xiadu was later called Chengzhou. The names of Luoyang are numerous and often change. After the completion of Luoyang City, "the king will disgrace his crown". Yong (shame) is Zhou Wangcheng. After five years in office, he moved the capital to Zhou. The inscription "He Zun" records: "Only the King of Chu moved to Chengzhou and was given it. Only Wang Wu. " Since West Zhou Chengwang, kings of all dynasties have come to live and govern. This is recorded in the inscription on Monday. Among them, 8 ships, 7 ships, 1 ship, 14 ship, 4 ships, 3 ships, 1 ship, 15 ship and 2 ships were recorded as kings, and no inscriptions were found in Kang Wang. Other kings often live in Romania to deal with state affairs. Neither Luo nor Gao is the highest official department of the central government, and the Duke of Zhou is in Luo and Gao. After the death of Duke Zhou, his son Jun Chen inherited the position of Duke Zhou and continued to guard here. Luoyang, as the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, lasted for 295 years from Wu Wang to Wang Ping. After becoming kings, Wang Zhao, Mu Wang, Gong Wang, wangyi, Xiao Wang, wangyi, Li Wang, Xuan Wang and Wang You had 10 emperors. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the system of one country and two capitals was implemented. Zhou Xuanwang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, died and Zhou Youwang was established. There was a big earthquake in Guanzhong, and the disaster was serious. The poem Xiaoya at the turn of October says, "Three rivers are exhausted and Qishan collapses. Hundreds of rivers boil, landslides, high banks are valleys, and deep valleys are tombs. " Coupled with internal corruption, social darkness, the court split. In 77 1 year BC, you Wang was killed and Xijing Haojing was robbed. In the second year of Wang Ping's accession to the throne, that is, in 770 BC, he decided to give up the western capital and move to the eastern capital, which was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. Luoyang was the only capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were two other cities: one was the imperial city, which was built by the government, and the other was the residence of the emperor. One was built by Cheng Zhou Wuwang, and the Duke of Zhou resumed his camp, which is a military stronghold. The capital of Qiudong Bureau, a native of Wangcheng, has a history of 365,438+00 years. Starting from Zhou Pingwang, we passed through Huan Wang, Zhuang Wang, Li Wang, Hui Wang, Wang Xiang, Wang Qing, Wang Kuang, Dingwang, Jianwang, Lingwang, Jingwang, Mourning Wang and Yunwang 65,438+04 Emperor. Chengzhou, as the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, has a history of 205 years, and has experienced Zhou,,,,, Wei, Wang An, Liewang, Xianwang, Shenliang Wang 1 1 emperors. As the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Luoyang has a history of 5 15 years and has experienced 25 emperors. 5. On February 3, 202 BC, in Luoyang, the capital of the early Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in Dingtao, known as the Western Han Dynasty or the pre-Han Dynasty in history. In the month when Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he came to Luoyang from Dingtao. "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" records: "The emperor bought wine in Nangong, Luoyang." On the reward of merit, the civil servants and military commanders were all happy, so they made Luoyang their capital. In May, Lou Jing, a Qi man, passed by Luoyang and advised Liu Bang to move the capital to Chang 'an. Most of Liu Bang's civil and military ministers are Kanto people and are unwilling to move westward. After some debate, Liu Bangcai decided to move the capital to Chang 'an. 6. In the twenty-five years of Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor in Baixiang, Hebei Province, and became Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. In the same year, Luoyang was attacked and its capital was Luoyang. History is called the Eastern Han Dynasty or the Later Han Dynasty. After more than ten years of fighting, Guangwu Liu Xiu completed the great cause of reunifying the whole country. Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty was a world-famous city. Luoyang is the political, economic and cultural center of China and the largest industrial and commercial city in China. Its city site is on the east side of Baima Temple, which is the site of the ancient city of Han and Wei Dynasties. Liu Xiu, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was founded in 26 AD and ascended the throne in 220 AD, after 196. There were three capitals in the Eastern Han Dynasty: Luoyang, Xuchang and Chang 'an. Among them, Luoyang was the capital of 165, Xuchang was the capital of 26 years, and Chang 'an was the capital of 5 years. There are Emperor Guangwu, Ming Di, Zhang Di, He Di, Shao Shang Di Di, Andy, Shao Di (Liu Yi), Shun Di, Chong Di, Zhi Di, Huan Di, Ling Di, (Liu Bian), Xian Di 14 Di. 7. After Luoyang, the capital of Cao Wei in the first year of Chuping in Xian Di, the world fell apart, warlords became independent, and the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only. The three-legged pattern of Wei, Shu and Wu is gradually taking shape. When the warlords fought and suppressed the insurgents, Cao Cao's power gradually grew, and he finally mastered the Eastern Han regime and relied on the emperor to be a vassal. In 207 AD, Cao Cao basically unified northern China. In 2 13, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty named Cao Cao Gong Wei. In 2 16, Cao Cao made Wang Wei. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died in Luoyang, and his son Cao Pi succeeded to the throne. Soon, Cao Pi abolished the Han Emperor as Shanyanggong, and became emperor on his own, so he changed Han to Wei and made Luoyang his capital. History is called Cao Wei. From AD 220 to AD 265, when Sima Yan destroyed Wei, Cao Wei made Luoyang its capital for 46 years. Five emperors after Wei Wendi, Wei Mingdi, Wang Qi, Gui Xianggong and Yuan Di. Eight, Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, was in the late Cao Wei period, when politics was dark and Cao Wei went into decline. In 265 AD, Sima Yan succeeded to the Jin Dynasty, and later repeated the mistakes of Cao Pi on behalf of the Han Dynasty, forcing him to abdicate and stand on his own feet as emperor. For the sake of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he changed his country name to Jin, which was called the Western Jin Dynasty in history. Luoyang is still the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. In May1year, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty experienced the experiences of Emperor Wu, Emperor Huai and Emperor Chen. The city site is located in the ruins of Baima Temple, the ancient city of Eastern Han and Wei Dynasties. After the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang and the Western Jin Dynasty unified the whole country, there was once social stability, economic recovery and development, and material wealth increased. However, the rulers were extremely corrupt, and there were more than 10 thousand concubines in the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Queen Jia's attitude is sensual and joyful, so she robbed a man in the street to be a male princess. Surprisingly, Mrs Wang Kai is richer than big noble Shi Chong. By analogy, it finally led to the "Eight Kings Rebellion", which lasted 16 years. Luoyang was badly damaged. In 494 (the eighteenth year of Taihe), the Northern Wei Dynasty occupied the Central Plains, unified the North and moved the capital to Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was a great emperor. He persisted in reform, rectified official management, severely punished corrupt officials, restored the economy and developed production. Advocating learning Chinese, speaking Chinese and wearing Hanfu has promoted the great integration of the northern nationalities. Luoyang was destroyed and resumed development. Luoyang, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, lasted for 4 1 year, and experienced eight emperors: Emperor Xiaowen, Xuan Wudi, Emperor Xiaoming, Emperor Xiao Zhuang, King Changguang, Emperor Jiemin, King Anding and Emperor Xiaowu. X. In 604 AD, when the Sui Dynasty established its capital, Yang Guang ascended the throne for Yang Di in Chang 'an. At the end of the year when Yang Guang ascended the throne, he personally came to Luoyang, climbed Mangshan Mountain and inspected the terrain. He thinks that the south of Mangshan Mountain, the north of Yi Que, the west of water and the east of Jian River are excellent military sites, and decides to build the East Capital here. In March 605, he appointed Su Yang, a senior minister, as a eunuch, responsible for the construction of the East Capital, with Yang Da as the deputy supervisor and Yuwen Kai as the main task. Every month, he recruited 2 million craftsmen and started a large-scale project to build Luoyang, the eastern capital. In the first month of the following year, Du Dong was built. When Emperor Yang Di, who was cruising in the south of the Yangtze River, heard about this incident, he set out from Jiangdu as soon as possible and arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital, in April. Then six palaces and hundreds of officials also moved to Luoyang. Luoyang has become the national political, economic, cultural and transportation center. Xiyuan in the west of the city, with a population of over one million and tens of thousands of wealthy businessmen, is the largest and most beautiful garden in China. In 6 18 AD, the Sui Dynasty mutinied against Yu Wenhuaji in Yangzhou, entered the palace and killed the emperor Yang Di. Yang Dong, the king of Yue, proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, and the king was named Qiu, who was in charge of state affairs. In April of the second year of Yining (AD 6 19), Wang abolished Yang Dong as Duke of Lu, and became emperor on his own, with the title of Zheng. Later, it was destroyed by Tang. Duluo, Sui Dynasty,15,2 Emperor. Xi。 In 6 18 AD, the capital of the Tang Dynasty moved to Luoyang. Tang gaozu established the Tang Dynasty, which was Chang 'an, and Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, ordered the restoration of Luoyang City, which was called Luoyang Palace. He came to Luoyang three times to handle government affairs and foreign affairs, and lived in Luoyang Palace for two years. In the 23rd year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 649), Emperor Li Zhi ascended the throne. In the sixth year of Yonghui (AD 657), they came to Luoyang to handle state affairs, and Luoyang was the eastern capital. In fact, the capital of the Tang Dynasty has moved from Chang 'an to Luoyang. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reigned for 44 years, with Luoyang as its capital 10. After the Anshi Rebellion, the power of the Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened, and the power of our time became stronger and stronger. In 904 AD, our army Xuanwu sent Zhu Wen to Chang 'an, took Emperor Taizong (Zhaozong) hostage and moved the capital to Luoyang. In 907, Zhu Wen abolished Emperor Tang (Aizong) and Tang died. Since then, there has been a division of five dynasties and ten countries in the history of China. During the Tang Dynasty, both East and West were equally important, and Luoyang and Chang 'an were world-famous. Tang Gaozong, Zhongzong, Zong Rui, Xuanzong, Zhaozong and Aizong were the six emperors of Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, and the Luoyang Dynasty lasted for more than 30 years. Wu Zetian, the capital of Wu Zhou, is the only female emperor in the history of China. She played a certain role in the development of China's history. She is famous for her beauty. She/kloc-entered the palace at the age of 0/4 and became a talent. After Tang Gaozong Li Zhi acceded to the throne, she was made queen. Li Zhi was suffering from high blood pressure, and Wuhou took part in politics. Ministers also called the queen a "double saint". On September 9th, the first year of God's will (AD 690), Wu Zetian reduced Li Dan to be the heir, made herself the emperor, respected the holy god emperor, changed the title of the country to Zhou, and changed the eastern capital to the god capital. In the first year of Shenlong (AD 705), 82-year-old Wu Zetian was forced to give way to Li Xian, Tang Zhongzong due to illness, and the title of the Tang Dynasty was restored. Wu Zetian reigned for 50 years and proclaimed himself emperor 15 years, with Luoyang as its capital. Thirteen. In 907, Houliang moved the capital to Luoyang. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor after his abolition, and established the Liang Dynasty, known as the Back Beam in history. Kaifeng is the first capital. After moving the capital to Luoyang, the history of five dynasties and ten countries began. Zhu Wen is greedy for sex. In 9 12 AD, Zhu, the third son of Zhu Wen, killed Levin for the throne, became emperor himself, and still lived in Luoyang. In February of 9 13, Zhu Youzhen killed Lieyougui, became emperor on his own, and then moved the capital to Kaifeng. Hou Liang Duluo 4 years, 2 emperors. 14. Later, the Tang Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang. In 923 AD, he wiped out the political power in Kaifeng and became emperor on his own. The name of the emperor is Tang Zhuangzong, and the name of the country is Tang Dynasty, which is called the later Tang Dynasty in history. After Kaifeng, I moved to Luoyang. The western capital was changed to Luo Jing, which was later called the eastern capital. After Emperor Tangzhuang proclaimed himself emperor, the Tang system resumed and made a difference. Later, the middle school was overhauled and beautiful women were widely selected. They are arrogant and extravagant, ignore political affairs, and pay exorbitant taxes, which makes the people miserable. In 936 AD, Taiyuan's time made Shi Jingtang capture Luoyang with the help of the Qidan nobles and died in the later Tang Dynasty. Duluo in the later Tang Dynasty was 13, the fourth emperor. 15. Shi Jingtang, Luoyang, the capital of the late Jin Dynasty, destroyed the late Tang Dynasty with the help of 300,000 troops from the Khitan, and became the emperor and emperor of the Jin State, known as the late Jin Dynasty in history. Duluo for 2 years and then moved to Kaifeng. To sum up, there were 15 dynasties in Luoyang, its capital, and 105 dynasties in the emperor, which lasted 1650 years. Luoyang is a world-famous ancient capital with the earliest time, the longest duration and the most dynasties among the six ancient capitals in China.