The Qiao Family Courtyard is located in Qiaojiabao Village, Qixian County. "Children and grandchildren will be big, and the brotherhood at home will be fat." This is a pair of bright copper couplets hanging on a black door leaf. The architectural decoration of Qiao's compound is permeated with the way of managing the family. The jstars courtyard is not an ordinary courtyard as imagined, but actually a castle. The gate of Qiao's compound is like a city gate, and the lanterns hanging on it were left when the movie "Red Lantern Hanging High" was filmed. The jstars courtyard is actually in a square castle with an alley in the middle. At one end of the alley is the gate and at the other end is the ancestral hall. There are three gates on the left and right sides of the roadway, and there are six courtyards, each of which is a small courtyard with two or three entrances. There are side yards on the left and right sides of the courtyard, with rooms 365,438+03. Such a complex plane forms a variety of architectural spaces. Qujia Courtyard, corresponding to Qiao Courtyard, is located in the north of Dongdajie Road, Qixian County. It was the home of Qu Yuanmian, a prominent family in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The compound covers an area of 52 17 square meters. It is divided into 8 courtyards, with a courtyard of 19 in the middle, with 240 rooms in total. The appearance of the compound is castle-like, and the wall has battlements. Spacious and tall staircase doorway, above which stands a delicate pavilion, which looks magnificent. The Qiao Family Courtyard is located in the middle of Qiaojiabao Village in Qixian County. This is a magnificent building complex, overlooking the courtyard layout from high altitude, which looks like a double "hi" symbol of good luck. The whole compound covers an area of 8,724 square meters, with a building area of 3,870 square meters. It is divided into six courtyards, 20 small courtyards and 3 13 rooms. The courtyard looks like a castle, facing the street on three sides, surrounded by a closed brick wall, more than three feet high, with a parapet and a watchtower on it, which is safe and firm and magnificent. Its exquisite design and exquisite craftsmanship fully reflect the unique style of residential buildings in Qing Dynasty in China, which has high ornamental, scientific research and historical value. It is indeed an unparalleled treasure house of art, which is rightly praised by experts and scholars as "a pearl in northern residential buildings". No wonder some people said with emotion after visiting it, "The royal family has the Forbidden City, and others live in the Qiao family." Entering the gate of Qiaojiayuan is an 80-meter-long straight stone tunnel, which divides six courtyards into two rows, north and south, with slope protection on both sides of the tunnel. At the end of the west is the ancestral hall of the Qiao family, which corresponds to the distant gate. There are four main buildings in the compound, including six gatehouses, watchtowers and watchtowers. There are walkways on the roof of every hospital to patrol and protect the hospital. Looking at the whole hospital, from the outside, it is majestic and tall, neat and dignified; Looking into the courtyard, it is resplendent and orderly, showing the living style of feudal families in northern China. The whole compound, with strict layout, exquisite architecture and diverse specifications, not only has a sense of beauty as a whole, but also has its own characteristics in local buildings, even the 140 chimney on the roof has its own characteristics. Pavilions, carved beams and painted buildings, and golden powder piles in the whole courtyard fully demonstrate the superb architectural art level of the working people in ancient China, and are indeed rare artistic treasures. The compound was built in the 20th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1756). It was expanded twice and repaired once. The first expansion was presided over by Qiao Zhiyong during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and the second expansion was in the middle and late Guangxu period, with Qiao Jingyi and Joe in charge. The last revision was completed by Joe and Qiao Yingkui ten years after the Republic of China. It took nearly two centuries from the construction to the final completion of the current pattern. Although the time span is very long, the subsequent expansion and addition can be carried out according to the original idea, so that the whole courtyard style is consistent and integrated. According to the traditional name, there are three courtyards in the north of the Qiao Family Courtyard, which are called Old Courtyard, Northwest Courtyard and Study Courtyard in turn from east to west. The three courtyards in the south are Southeast Courtyard, Sananing Courtyard and New Courtyard. The names of the North and South Six Courtyards show the architectural order of each courtyard of the Qiao Family Courtyard. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, part of the place where the Qiao Family Courtyard was located happened to be the intersection of streets and lanes in Qiaojiabao Village. After Joe separated from his two older brothers, he bought several homesteads at the northeast corner of the crossroads and built a building. The main building is a brick building, the top of which is hard, with brick and wood structure, windows and no doors, and stairs are built indoors. It is characterized by thick walls and small windows. It is strong and firm, and it is a courtyard five miles away. To the east of the main building is the original house, which has also been decorated into a side yard. It also converted the second entrance of the side courtyard into a bookstore, which is the earliest courtyard of the Qiao family courtyard and the old courtyard. According to legend, there used to be a five-temple outside the courtyard, and there were two locust trees in front of the temple, which were surprisingly long and people called them "sacred trees". After the Qiao family obtained the right to use this land, they originally planned to move the temple instead of the tree. Later, Joe had a dream in the United States at night. He dreamed that Jin told him that "when the tree moves, it will be born, and when the temple moves, it will be rich. Both are suitable, and the temple trees move together." Four or five steps east is where the tree lives. Move the temple without moving the tree, the tree is not rich ... "Soon, this tree will die. Joe America was afraid of offending the gods, so he moved the tree according to the instructions in his dream. This tree has really come back to life, and its branches and leaves are as lush as before. This seems to be a kind of "true god's manifestation", which really has its god, so a five-hall was built in front of the side courtyard, which still exists today. At the same time, there is a big brick-carved underground palace between the main courtyard and the side courtyard, carved with stone mountains and ganoderma lucidum deer. There are four brick lions and a handle of Ruyi on the forehead of the land god, which is a metaphor for "the four seasons of Ruyi". There are also phoenix trees and pine trees on the temple wall, and six pairs of deer are combined together, which means "Liuhe is smooth". After Qiao Zhiyong took power, he continued to build a big house for Everbright. He bought a large homestead in the alley on the west side of the old courtyard and built a building compound, which is also five miles away, forming a two-story confrontation. The main building is a structure of exposed columns hanging from the top of the mountain. Guomen, the bayonets of the gatehouse are silver riding deer and Baizitu woodcarving. The floor has a balcony corridor. In the corridor, there is a brick railing in front, with a picture of a hundred grapes in the middle and nightshade and magpies in the east. In the west, herons play lotus flowers and sparrows play chrysanthemums. There is a wood carving on the top, engraved with the image of Bo Gu of Solanum nigrum. You can see the whole hospital from the balcony. Because the two floors of the courtyard are juxtaposed with alleys and the north and south buildings are inclined, it is called "double ingot" style. After the Ming Building was completed, Qiao Zhiyong built two quadrangles opposite the second floor, which made the four courtyards just located at the four corners of the intersection of streets and lanes, laying the foundation for later integration. In the middle and late Guangxu period, the local public security was unstable. In order to protect their own safety, Qiao's family and Jingyan spent a lot of money to buy the right to occupy the street at that time. After the jstars took possession, they blocked the alley, and the alley built the northwest courtyard and the side courtyard of Sainaning. Blocked the street corner in the east and built the city gate; The ancestral temple was built in the west; Outside the courtyard on the second floor in the north, it was expanded into two outer courtyards and two new gates were built. There is a fence cross frame in the courtyard, with arches as bridges, connecting the north and south courtyards, forming a castle-like building complex. In the early years of the Republic of China, the population of the Qiao family increased and the housing was insufficient, so they bought land and expanded to the west. Ten years after the Republic of China, Joe and Qiao Yingkui built a new courtyard similar to the southeast courtyard next to Sainaning. However, the windows are all carved with large lattice glass, decorated with western style, and the Zhu Guang effect is also very good, obviously the style has changed. Even the wall facing the door in the yard is carved very carefully. At the same time, the northwest courtyard was also designed and transformed by Joe, which separated the open gallery connecting the outer courtyard with the old courtyard and transformed it into the living room together with the original kitchen. A toilet was built next to the living room, and a "foreign toilet" was built, adding exotic customs. Changjia, Yuci, Shanxi Province, took the ambition of the world with money and pursued the spirit of the four seas. It made tea in Wuyishan and Chaktu, and opened Wanli Tea Road. For more than 200 years, it has been distributed to Mongolia, Russia and Northern Europe, becoming a wealthy businessman in China and the first family in Russian trade. The reason why Chang's family business is prosperous lies in his foresight, being prepared for danger in times of peace, studying hard in class and his family's origin. Handed down from generation to generation, we will abide by the family motto of "learning to be excellent is good" and constantly deliver outstanding cultural talents to the business community. Business groups ensure a lasting elite class, and perfectly embody Confucianism and ethics in economic consciousness and business activities, and realize the unity of economic rationality and moral rationality. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, when merchants learned from each other and business became increasingly prosperous, they often began to build houses in Che Gu Lu's hometown. Nine generations are always ten thousand? Chang Wanda Brothers' career is in full swing, and luxury building has also entered its heyday. A street was built from south to north in Bay Bay, commonly known as West Street. Wanda bought land in the north of the village and built a new street, commonly known as backstreet. So it is called two streets at home. After nearly 200 years of improvement, there are more than 4,000 houses and more than 50 buildings, covering an area of 600,000 square meters. The halls in the courtyard are exquisite, magnificent and spectacular. There are also seven gardens, including famous flowers and ancient trees, lofty pavilions, winding paths leading to a secluded place, Zhai Fang and stream pond. Surrounded by eight gates, Li Qian Castle has realized an ideal spiritual manor where the owner can live, cultivate, daydream, watch, browse, enjoy and sigh. The restored 40,000-square-meter mansion and 80,000-square-meter garden, although only a quarter of the original size, basically maintained the manor style and reappeared the former style. Changjia Manor is located in Chewang Village, Dongyang Town, southwest of Yuci, 7.5 km away from Yuci/KLOC-0. The rim consists of four small natural villages. In the center of the four villages, a big temple is built half a mile away from the four villages, forming a spoke shape, hence the name "rim". In the early years of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of the Chang family often moved here from Huian, Taigu to herd sheep. During the reign of Kang Gan in Qing Dynasty, Chang Jinquan, the seventh ancestor, began to do business, and Chang Wei, the eighth ancestor, led Wanji and Wanda, the ninth ancestor, to engage in business activities, which made a lot of profits. Gradually, it often became a strong force among famous families and Shanxi merchants in Jinzhong, and began to build residential courtyards on a large scale. Chang Wan built the "Southern Ancestral Temple" and the "Rongshitang" in Checun, with the southwest of the village as the axis and developing eastward and southward; Chang Wanda built a "North Ancestral Temple" in the north of the village and set up a "Shihetang", which formed a new street from east to west, commonly known as "Backstreet". From the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty to the end of Guangxu, after more than 200 years of construction, two streets, east, west, north and south, were often built on the curb. On both sides of the street are rows of deep curtilage courtyards, pavilions and pavilions, which set each other off, carved beams and painted buildings, which are spectacular. * * * covers an area of 100 mu, with more than 40 buildings and more than 500 houses, connecting the original four natural villages. There is a saying called "jstars first hospital, often home two streets." "The construction scale of Changjia was called the first of the residential buildings in Sanjin at that time. Chang's Confucian merchant culture is unique, with many literati and famous calligraphers coming forth in large numbers. Therefore, he also has his own extraordinary originality in the construction of luxury houses, which is beyond the reach of Cao Shi, Qiao and Qu in Jinzhong. From the layout point of view, the main building is dominated by the vigorous and square North Campus. First, there is a wooden archway with small cornices and arches in the middle of the inner courtyard of each square yard. There are brick carved walls on both sides of the archway, and Wan Ru cable ties inlaid with precious stones add the finishing touch to the square north courtyard. This arched flower wall divides the main courtyard into three forms: five inside and five outside, four inside and four outside, which has a unique style. Secondly, between courtyards and behind courtyards, there are mostly gardens and vegetable gardens, and there are small doors communicating with the main courtyard. After entering the garden, there is a tunnel that runs through and twists and turns, dotted with cloisters, pavilions, bridges, running water, grass and stone farmhouses, or exotic flowers and plants, which is unique, just like a southern garden. Third, the art of brick carving, wood carving, stone carving and painting on wooden components that can be seen in every courtyard has a unique style. The art of brick carving is manifested in four aspects: first, the kiss on the roof, the beautiful shapes of animals and carved ridges, skillful lines and delicate knives are all fine brick carvings in the Qing Dynasty; Second, brick carvings on walls and flower walls, including traditional "birthday pictures", "auspicious pictures" and Buddhist and Taoist stories, as well as brick carving art with strong local characteristics such as flowers, birds and animals, dried and fresh fruits; Three, the "stilts" or flowers, or birds, or animals, or characters at the top of the "hard gables" of each row of wings are all in pairs, but they are rarely the same and have their own characteristics. Fourthly, some existing brick-carved guardrails, on the floor guardrails of Guihetang, are all made of bricks, with patterns of blessing, longevity, loyalty, truthfulness, fragrant flowers, gossip stoves, hanging pots, Four Treasures of the Study and so on. The column plate is seamless, natural and seamless. Whether it is sculpture art or masonry art, it can be called a fine work in Qing architecture. The other part is in Yanghetang, which is well preserved, but the carving art is not as good as the former. The stone carving art of Changjia Courtyard includes guardrails, portal animals, parapets, etc. Most of them are carved with fine sand and engraved with various patterns. The roughness of sandstone and the exquisiteness of sculptor are unique. The woodcarving of Changjia Courtyard is mainly the woodcarving of windows, doorframes, screens, furniture and partition boards in the mansion. Patterns are ever-changing, modelling technique is different, and wood is diverse, just like a woodcarving exhibition, which dazzles visitors. Unfortunately, wood is not easy to preserve and the damage is very serious. Changjia Courtyard is the representative of Confucian merchants' architecture, and its interior layout is very exquisite, reflecting the stability, simplicity and symmetry of scholarly family everywhere. Chyi Chin's calligraphy and painting, Four Treasures of the Study, exotic flowers and plants, and landscape bonsai are different from other Shanxi merchants' mansions. As the home of Confucian businessmen, it is unique and refreshing. After more than 300 years of vicissitudes of life, the destruction of Changjia Courtyard is great. In view of the need of developing commercial and cultural tourism in Jinzhong, the government is planning to gradually restore the original appearance of ancient buildings, and carry out indoor display and market launch according to the characteristics of Confucian merchants, adding a unique bright pearl to the cultural tourism of Shanxi merchants.

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