Athena is one of the twelve gods of Olympus in Greece and one of the three virgins of Olympus. Roman names are Minerva and Minerva. In ancient mythology, Athena was a goddess, the master of dark clouds and thunder, the goddess of fertility, the protector of peaceful labor and Sivir. She teaches people to domesticate cows and horses, and to make cars and boats. She gave the world plows and rakes, spindles and looms, so she was regarded as the protector of women's labor, especially knitting technology. She has a nickname, Ergane, which means female worker. She is also the protector of science and the goddess of wisdom; She endowed human beings with laws and maintained social order.

The inner hall was originally dedicated to the giant goddess Athena, with a height of 10 meters. It is made of gold coins and wooden frames with a total weight of more than 65,438+0 tons. Its face, hands and feet are ivory, its pupils are inlaid with jewels, and its chest is carved with Medusa's head carved with ivory. In his right hand, he holds a defensive head 4 cubits high (measured from elbow to middle finger). The idol is cleverly designed and can be moved or hidden. However, this masterpiece of art was removed by the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D., and it has never been heard from since then, which has become a great regret in the history of world art. At present, the colossus of Athena in the Archaeological Museum of Athens is only a replica.

The Parthenon experienced many natural and man-made disasters. In the 6th century, the temple was changed into a Christian church, and the statue of Athena was removed. 1458 After the Turks occupied Athens, they changed the temple into a mosque. When the Venetians fought the Turks in 1687, they shelled a powder magazine in the temple, thus blowing up the middle of the temple. From 180 1 to 1803, the history of European powers coming here to steal and rob cultural relics began again. During this period, Lord Elgin, a British aristocrat, carried away most of the remaining sculptures, and the temple suffered serious losses. Many antiquities originally belonging to temples are now scattered in British Museum, Louvre, Copenhagen and other places. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, the temple was partially restored, but it could not be completely restored, leaving only a shell with stone pillars.

The Gate of the Acropolis is the entrance to the Acropolis, which was built in 437 ~ 43 BC1year and designed by NiKohloss. This is another masterpiece after the Parthenon. The mountain gate stands on both sides of the Acropolis with its simple shape. It has six Doric columns on the front and back, with the widest central span to emphasize the gate.

The characteristics of. On both sides of the inner ramp in the west of the mountain gate, there are three tall and straight Ionian columns. On the Ionian beams supported by them, brightly colored shields and sword paintings are depicted. The wings of the porch are asymmetrical. The north wing used to be a painting exhibition hall, and the south wing was an open gallery. During the Turkish occupation of Athens, the mountain gate was used as a powder magazine, and the Turkish governor also lived here. 1640, the mountain gate was severely damaged by lightning.

The Acropolis Museum is located in the south corner of Shandong Province of Acropolis, and specializes in collecting cultural relics found in Acropolis. Today, except bronzes and ancient Greek bottles, all the cultural relics unearthed from the ancient temple of the Acropolis since 1834 are collected here, most of which are stone carvings. A large number of sculptures are based on Greek mythology, such as the killing of nine poisonous snakes by the Greek hero Heracles, the battle between Athena and Poseidon, the battle between giants and gods, the scene of Raphael rescuing the bride from Ken Taulos, iris, the rainbow goddess who transmits information among the gods, three goddesses representing charm, elegance and beauty, and the statue of Tifeng, a bearded monster with three heads and three bodies and a snake tail. These sculptures also reflect the images of skilled workers at that time, such as girls, riders, admirers, youths, warriors and harp players, as well as various animals including owls, snakes, leopards, lions, horses, pigs, cows, sheep and dogs. There are many kinds of decorative board reliefs on display here, which are especially precious.

Athena Victory Goddess Temple, also known as Wingless Victory Goddess Temple, is located on the Acropolis Mountain. In the eyes of the Greeks, Athena was the goddess of wisdom, skill and victory. The Athenians built this temple to bring victory to the country. However, this temple disappeared in a war robbery in 480 BC. The new temple was built after the Parthenon was completed. The building materials of the temple are all made of Pontelli marble produced near Athens, which is crystal white. There is a roughly square inner hall and an Ionian hall with four pillars at each end. Outside the building, there is a lintel nearly half a meter wide, decorated with high relief. The relief on the east side of the temple is engraved with the statue of Athena holding a shield. Next to the statue of Athena stands the statue of Zeus, the main god, and there are other gods in the corner facing south. Other reliefs are battle scenes from the Battle of Pradie in 479 BC, in which the Athenians fought against the Bei Aurati in the west and the Persians fought on both sides.

In Greek art, the goddess of victory is represented by winged women, and Athena's goddess of victory temple is generally called the wingless goddess of victory temple. This is because in ancient Greece, it was often necessary to resist foreign humiliation through war. The citizens of Athens hoped that every battle would be won and won, and that the winged goddess of victory would never leave as the patron saint of Athens, so they removed Athena's wings. This is the origin of "Wingless Goddess of Shengli Temple".

The temple of Erik Hus is a typical representative of Ionian style in the architecture of the Acropolis in Athens. It is located opposite the Parthenon and built on a rugged plateau. The most beautiful part of this temple is the Statue of Goddess. It is said that this temple is dedicated to Athena of Sivir, Poseidon and King hershey of Athens. Legend has it that this is where Athena and Poseidon compete for the patron saint of Athens. This temple was built on the site of a temple burned by Persians in 480 BC. The east of the temple is a traditional six-column facade, while the west is a tall six-column hall and the south is a virtual hall. There are six marble statues of girls here, which are world-famous.

Athena's wreath is a wreath made of olive branches, representing victory and peace.