The emperor is called dragon chariot, the queen is called phoenix chariot, and the princess and prince are called chariot. The dragon chariot is driven by six fine horses in front, and the body is inlaid with gold, silver, jade, precious stones and pearls; The body is also carved with dragon and phoenix patterns, showing the royal elegance and luxury.
Only the emperor and empress can ride the dragon chariot, which is also a symbol of the supremacy of imperial power. The related records of dragon chariots began to appear in Records of the Historian Qin Shihuang's Biography, including the record of "riding six horses"; There is also a record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty that "the son of heaven is in charge of six and the rest is in charge of four". These descriptions are all prototypes of dragon chariots.
The sedan chair used by empresses, with big musical instruments, was won by sixteen people; Guangyu, also known as Zhai Yu, was captured by eight people. The emperor's imperial concubine rode lightly, with eight people. Under the guidance of the imperial concubine, four people took the jade. In addition to sedan chairs, there are also royal cars, each with its own proper name: the cars used by the Queen include Phoenix cars and instrument cars; The cars used by concubines are Zhai cars and Qu cars.
2. Senior officials are carried by four to eight people on their shoulders, from which the so-called "eight-carrying big sedan chair" in Qing Dynasty comes.
Beijing officials who own three or more products are carried by "four people" in Beijing and "eight people" when they leave Beijing; The governor takes "eight people to carry" and the subordinate of the governor takes "four people to carry"; Imperial envoys above the third level are carried by "eight people".
The following four products are all the suggestions of the capital, only two people should shoulder it and don't drink. At that time, Zhengyangmen was allowed to enter and cars were not allowed to go, so there were no passengers in Beijing. Later, there were donkey carts and mule carts.
After twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759), there were more mule carts and fewer donkey carts, but during the reign of Jia Dao, Beijing officials did not have donkey carts. After Xian Tong, the Beijing official only sat on the shoulders of four people above Shangshu, the assistant minister sat on the blue woolen cart, and the doctrine sat on the blue woolen cart, and opened the window. Below the fourth grade, the car is the same as the general courtiers.
In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, there was an imperial decree that only Manchu princes and ministers were allowed to ride in sedan chairs as usual, and officials from ministries and academies below the second class in Manchuria were forbidden to ride in sedan chairs together. But Han officials are not prohibited here, so Han officials also have sedan chairs.
In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Kangqi's Tales of Lang Qian contained: "The imperial edict of the fifty-five years of Qianlong:' The ministers of civil and military affairs at home and abroad specially gave me a ride in the Forbidden City as a reward for walking instead of walking. However, it is also difficult for old and sick people to get on the horse. Later, the minister who watched the horse was allowed to ride in a chair because of illness, tied with short wood and walked straight with two people. " "
"Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty" contains: "Han officials are above the third grade, and the imperial court uses silver and covers them with soap. There are four husbands in Beijing and eight people in Beijing. Below level 4, two civil servants and two husbands, which are made of tin. There are eight governors, governors and governors. A total of four people, below the division, above the faculty, above. Riding in various postures ... subaltern car, black oil, flushing, flat top, soap curtain. A car with a car system. It is forbidden to use cloud heads. "
Officials need to follow the rules, and people with money can't go beyond the system. There are also restrictions on riding in today's society, but they only care about officials and people.
Extended data:
The origin of sedan chair
Sedan chair has a history of about 4000 years in China. According to historical records, the original prototype of sedan chair was produced in the early summer of 2 1 century BC. There is a saying in Shangshu Yiji: "After driving for four years, you will publish wood with the mountains." This is what Dayu said when describing his water control process.
Later generations explained that these four years were: "Take a boat on the water, take a car on the land, take a sled in the mud, and take a bus on the mountain." (Historical Records Xia Benji) This "thunder" is the most primitive sedan chair.
Some ancient documents say: "The mountain is the bridge" (Historical Records of the River Canal), because it is used to cross the mountain, and it looks like a bridge from a distance (Interpretation of the Name of the Sedan Chair). So in ancient times, sedan chair and bridge were interlinked. And its specific shape is still unknown.
During the period of 1978, in the burial pit of Hougudui ancient tomb in Gushi, Henan Province, the wooden shoulders with three forks were unearthed, with two styles: top and umbrella. After the repair, one of them can still see its original appearance: it is composed of base, frame, column, railing, roof bar and lifting bar.
The base is rectangular, the top cover is like a roof with slopes on all sides, and the car body should be surrounded by curtains; There is a small door in front of the car for passengers to enter and exit; The bumper is tied to the underframe, which is different from the system in which the bumper is fixed in the middle of the car body in the future.
This is the earliest sedan chair found so far. It can be inferred that the statement that sedan chair originated in early summer is more credible.
It is generally believed that sedan chairs evolved from ancient cars. Chinese people built cars earlier. A secretary of "Huai Nan Zi Shuo Shan" said: "When you see a cornice, you know it as a car."
Ancient people got inspiration from the rolling of natural objects: circular objects move much faster on the plane than objects with other shapes. Ancient people learned to put logs under heavy objects to carry things, as evidenced by the early Neolithic sites in Henan and other places.
By the late Yangshao culture, people had used the wheel system technology to make pottery. The great invention of vehicles enabled the Chinese nation to successfully overcome the traffic obstacles in plain areas.
Under the guidance of the great invention of automobile, our ancient ancestors invented various means of transportation suitable for different natural environments. Dayu "spent four years" and "opened Kyushu, connected Jiulu, and spent nine years in Jiusan" (Historical Records Xia Benji). He uses various means of transportation, and the sedan chair is one of them.
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