1On August 28th, 949, Mao Zedong met with the leaders of the East China Sea Fleet, such as Commander Zhang Aiping, and wrote an inscription for the newly established navy: "We must build a navy that can defend China's coastal defense and effectively resist possible imperialist aggression." 1949165438+1October 8, the earliest fleet of the PLA navy was formed on the basis of receiving the old warships of the Kuomintang navy. At that time, there were 5 1 named combat ships, 52 landing ships and 3 1 auxiliary ships. Naming is classified by ship type. The frigates are named after cities with revolutionary history, such as Nanchang and Zunyi. Gunboats are named after counties with revolutionary history, such as Xingguo and Ruijin. Minesweepers are named after famous villages and towns in the liberated areas, such as Zhangdian and Zaozhuang. Large tank landing ships are named after mountains in revolutionary base areas, such as Jinggangshan and Dabie Mountain.
At that time, the navy was formed mainly to cooperate with the Army in liberating coastal islands and islands in Taiwan Province Province. Therefore, the liberation of Taiwan Province Province is the natural mission of the East China Sea Fleet, and the existence of the East China Sea Fleet is prepared for the liberation of Taiwan Province Province. By 195 1, the navy of East China Military Region has owned more than 20 large warships such as Yangtze River, Luoyang, Nanchang and Huizhou, as well as gunboats and patrol boats from combat ships. 1955 65438+1October 18 The navy of the East China Military Region participated in the only coordinated attack and landing operation in the history of the People's Liberation Army so far, and cooperated with the 20 th Army and other army units to liberate the island in one fell swoop.
Although more than forty years have passed, the PLA's experience in attacking Yijiangshan Island is worth summarizing. To sum up the confidence and tactics of attacking Taiwan, "crossing the Straits and reunifying the whole of China" is the last "liberation" mission of the PLA. Once Taiwan Province Province is liberated, the People's Liberation Army should be renamed as the National Defence Force. The words "Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy" on the brim of the navy can be changed to "China Navy"-China/KLOC-300 million people are waiting for this day. ...
1On September 23rd, 955, the East China Navy was officially renamed as "East China Sea Fleet", with Lieutenant General Tao Yong as the commander and the fleet headquarters in Shanghai.
After the establishment of the East China Sea Fleet, because it is located in the front of the Taiwan Province Strait, it has long been responsible for heavy tasks such as combat readiness duty, combat readiness training, fishing escort, patrol alert and so on, and has fought with the Kuomintang navy many times.
On September 1958, 1 day and night, several 100-ton gunboats, such as 588 boats, sank the Kuomintang navy's 1,000-ton landing ship "Tuojiang" full of munitions.
In the famous 1965 "Chongwu" naval battle, the 588 boat reappeared the glory of the sea, hit the podium and oil tank of the enemy Yongchang ship with accurate and fierce artillery fire, and then quickly sank in the explosion, injuring the large hunting submarine Yongtai, writing down another battle example in the history of naval battles. After the war, Premier Zhou Enlai and Chief of General Staff Luo Ruiqing met with the representatives of 588 boats and praised them for playing fast and well. 1February 3, 966, the 588 boat was awarded the honorary title of "Tiger Boat at Sea" by the Ministry of National Defense.
Second, the ship.
Among the three major fleets of our army, the naval strength of the East China Sea Fleet has been ranked second after the North China Sea Fleet. In recent years, due to the tense situation in the South China Sea, the strength of the South China Sea Fleet has improved, and it is basically flush with the East China Sea Fleet.
The East China Sea Fleet has more than 500 combat support ships, which is the largest number of ships among the three major fleets. Among them, there are 6 guided missile destroyers, 9 guided missile frigates 19, 26 conventional submarines and 2 nuclear submarines; In addition, there are more than 300 combat ships such as landing ships, missile speedboats, torpedo speedboats, submarine hunters, minesweepers and reconnaissance ships, and more than 70 large, medium and small support transport ships such as Dong Yun 6 15 (Fengcang), Dongjiang Rescue 302 (Chongming Island) and salvage ships.
The CMC decided that in the future, when the US aircraft carrier battle group intervenes in our army's battle from the north or northwest of Taiwan Province Island, the Nanjing Theater where the East China Sea Fleet is located will be responsible for deterrence, and the North China Sea Fleet will cooperate with the jinan military area command Air Force. The East China Sea Fleet has a long way to go.
1, destroyer
Modern class, 136 (Hangzhou), 137 (Fuzhou).
05 1 grade (NATO called "Luda No.1"): 13 1 grade (Nanjing), 132 (Hefei), 133 (Chongqing),133.
1985 165438+1October16 to1986 65438+1October19, the first naval delegation was formed by/kloc. This is the first visit of the PLA naval fleet, which has since opened a new chapter in China's navy as an "international service" in peacetime.
2. frigate
The frigate is the main ship type of the East China Sea Fleet, with various self-designed models in active service in China, and the most complete varieties.
① Two new stealth frigates 053H3 (another code is 057) built by Shanghai Hudong Shipyard (namely "Jiangwei II" of NATO) have been incorporated into the East China Sea Fleet: 52 1 and 522. This type of ship is the most successful large-scale surface ship designed by our country. Its combat effectiveness is almost the same as that of 1 12 and13 guided missile destroyers, but the cost is only 50 cents, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is nearly twice as high. Therefore, the Jiangwei II missile frigate is especially favored by the navy.
② 053H2G (called "Jiangwei No.1" by NATO) 4 ships: 539 (Anqing), 540 (Huainan), 54 1 (Huaibei) and 542 (Tongling).
③ 053H (called "Jianghu class" by NATO) 9 ships: 5 10 (Shaoxing), 51(Nantong), 5 12 (Wuxi), 5 13 (Huaiyin).
It is also reported that Xiamen and Jiujiang ships have been transferred to the South China Sea Fleet.
④ 053H 1 (called "Jianghu II" by NATO) Two ships: 533 (Ningbo) and 534 (Jinhua).
3. Nuclear submarines and conventional submarines
Based on the successful example of China's deterrence exercise against Taiwan Province in March 1996, when two American aircraft carrier groups (Independence and Nimitz) were scared into the Taiwan Province Strait, the Navy decided to deploy nuclear submarines at Zhoushan Naval Base, which is closest to the western Pacific Ocean along the coast of Chinese mainland, in order to gain space superiority.
1998 In April, the East China Sea Fleet deployed two improved (submarine-launched cruise missiles) 405 boats (Long March 5) and 407 boats (Long March 7) of China's first generation 09 1 nuclear attack submarine.
Since 1997, the East China Sea Fleet has added four Kilo-class submarines imported from Russia: 364 (Expedition 64), 365 (Expedition 65), 366 (Expedition 66) and 367 (Expedition 67), as well as two new drip-type 039 designed and manufactured by China (according to NATO).
Type 039 submarine can launch anti-ship missile C802 and anti-submarine missile CY- 1 underwater. It is reported that submarine launch may also include air-to-air missiles. Although some technical problems of Model 039 have not been completely solved, its overall performance has reached the international advanced level in the 1990s.
09 1 039 and imported Kilo-class submarines are the main underwater forces for the East China Sea Fleet to attack Taiwan Province Province in the future. In addition, there are 12 035 submarines (NATO code name "Ming class") and old-fashioned R-class submarines.
As far as conventional submarines are concerned, the East China Sea Fleet is the most powerful submarine fleet among the three major fleets. Strengthening the submarine force of the East China Sea Fleet is related to the water characteristics of the Taiwan Province Strait, the defense zone of the East China Sea Fleet. Because the Taiwan Province Strait is narrow and covered by land guns and short-range missiles, it is not convenient for surface ships to move. However, the shallow sea area and large underwater background noise are not conducive to anti-submarine and facilitate submarine activities. Therefore, increasing the deployment of submarines can establish the mainland's maritime military superiority over Taiwan Province Province, maintain the military pressure on Taiwan Province Province, and have strategic significance for containing Taiwan independence's forces.
Three. Defense zones and bases
1, department and task
The maritime defense zones of the East China Sea Fleet are the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, north of the southern tip of the Taiwan Province Strait (connecting Nan 'ao Island in Guangdong Province and Maobi in Taiwan Province Province) and south of Lianyungang. This area just covers the Taiwan Province Strait. Therefore, the main operational objective of the East China Sea Fleet should be to contain Taiwan independence militarily and, if necessary, to block or attack Taiwan Province Province, Kinmen and Penghu from the sea. I hope that the East China Sea Fleet will live up to its mission in the future battle to liberate Taiwan Province Province and make new contributions to the great cause of reunification.
At present, the East China Sea Fleet, with the cooperation of its brothers, has completed several sets of operational plans to seal, fight and board Taiwan Province Province, especially the "seal" has been rehearsed many times. Following the introduction of modern guided missile destroyers and two second-generation Type 093 nuclear attack submarines by Russia in the first half of 2000 (and the deployment of two imported Russian Akula-class nuclear attack submarines, which is also translated as "shark-class"), the operational plan against the US aircraft carrier can also be put into actual combat drills with the cooperation of Su -27, the air force Wuhu base.
In recent years, Japan used the new "Japan-US Defense Guidelines" to incorporate the Taiwan Province Strait into the "peripheral events" of Japan's use of force. On this basis, the Central Military Commission asked the Nanjing Military Region Air Force and the East China Sea Fleet to prepare for the defense of "preventing hostile forces from interfering in Taiwan Province Province", which obviously expanded the defense area of the East China Sea Fleet and revealed the change of the navy from passive defense to active offensive defense. If the US aircraft carrier dares to approach the waters around Taiwan Province Province, the possibility that the US aircraft carrier protected by Aegis system will be sunk should be at least 50%, and the other 50% can only hope on the short-range missiles of the Second Artillery Corps.
2. Compilation and foundation
The existing combat ships of the East China Sea Fleet are organized into destroyer-frigate mixed detachment, frigate detachment, submarine detachment, landing ship detachment, and speedboat detachment composed of missile boats, minesweepers, hunting submarines and torpedo boats. After the Vietnam War, the minesweeper brigade went to the Beibu Gulf in Vietnam to mine mines. It has the best mine-clearing equipment in our navy, and the level of mine-clearing at sea is among the best in the world. Because the East China Sea Fleet is located in the front line of the Taiwan Province Strait, it has a tradition of small boats fighting large ships, and has always attached importance to the wartime attack ability and survivability of speedboats, and its training level in this field has always been at the forefront of the navy.
The East China Sea Fleet Aviation has three naval aviation divisions, including a bomber division, a fighter division and a newly established "Flying Leopard" fighter-bomber division. In addition, there is a training group and a ship-borne helicopter brigade. The main types of combat aircraft are J-7, H-6, H-5 and 1998 Flying Leopard fighter-bomber. According to the deployment of the navy, in September, 2000, the East China Sea Fleet will formally set up an aerial tanker flying group modified from the Bomb Six. By then, the long-range combat capability of the East China Sea Fleet Aviation will have a qualitative leap, and it is estimated that the aircraft equipped with oil receivers will be J-8II.
It turns out that the East China Sea Fleet has only one battalion of Marines. In order to carry out the landing exercise, a regiment of the Zhejiang Military Region was temporarily transferred to participate in the Marine Corps exercise during the East Zhejiang Great Exercise in September. 1999. After the exercise, the Navy Party Committee reported to the Central Military Commission for approval and formally established the 3rd Brigade of the Navy, which was compiled for four marine battalions of the East China Sea Fleet.
The landing ship detachment of the East China Sea Fleet has four Type 072 large tank landing ships (called "Yukang Class" by NATO), which are smaller than the South China Sea Fleet and can only transport a complete marine division for landing operations. However, China's two largest commercial shipping companies, COSCO Container Transportation Group and China Shipping Group, are headquartered in Shanghai, ranking fourth in the world in terms of comprehensive ocean transportation capacity. There are hundreds of ships with a tonnage of over 10,000 tons, of which more than a dozen have been modified, which can fully meet the needs of transporting landing personnel and equipment. With the cooperation of these two companies, the East China Sea Fleet will set up four reserve transport groups in 2000 to meet the needs of landing operations in Nanjing Theater.
Because the East China Sea is the region with the most tortuous coastline, the most offshore islands and the densest ports in China, the unique geographical advantages make the East China Sea Fleet have the most military ports. At present, the East China Sea Fleet has three military naval bases: Shanghai base (which governs Lianyungang and Wusong marine police areas), Zhoushan base (which governs Dinghai and Wenzhou marine police areas) and Fujian base (which governs Ningde and Xiamen marine police areas).
The Yangtze River Wharf, located on the Huangpu River in Shanghai, is the main military port open to the outside world and welcomes foreign warships. 1999 10 The flagship ships of the Russian Pacific Fleet "Varyag" (glorious class) and "Vigorous class" (modern class) docked at the dock on 10 from 2 to 6 October.
Zhoushan has a good deep-water port, which is suitable for berthing 10,000-ton ships. Because Zhoushan Archipelago has no land access to the mainland, and there are big ports such as Shanghai, Beilun and Ningbo nearby, Zhoushan has no conditions to become a large commercial port. Therefore, in Zhoushan's military port, there is no sharp contradiction between national defense and civilian use caused by the economic development of Lushun, Yulin, Weihai and Zhanjiang. Due to local pressure, the North Sea Fleet was forced to abandon the military ports in Huludao and Liu Gongdao to make way for local tourism and civil port construction. Since 1998, the East China Sea Fleet Engineering Bureau has been building 50,000-dwt wharves and10.5-dwt wharves, as well as oil depots and other supporting facilities, which are likely to be rumored aircraft carriers under construction or berthing wharves in amphibious assault ship.
At present, six destroyers and two nuclear submarines of the East China Sea Fleet are deployed at Zhoushan base. This base is facing the broken chain between Kyushu Island and Taiwan Province Province Island, and it is the widest high seas waterway for our navy to enter the western Pacific. The task force set out from here when China test-fired the "Dongfeng 5" intercontinental missile into the Pacific Ocean on 1980. However, China's entry into the Western Pacific is still blocked by Ryukyu Islands, Diaoyu Islands and Taiwan Province Island. If China can recover the Diaoyu Islands, the Pacific Ocean will be closer to us. Of course, if Taiwan Province Province can be liberated, the Pacific Ocean will become our home.
At present, Lieutenant General Yang Yushu, commander of the East China Sea Fleet, and Lieutenant General Wen Guoqing, political commissar, the flagship of the fleet is Dongjiang 302 (Chongming Island) supply ship. The headquarters of the East China Sea Fleet was originally located in Shanghai, but it was moved to Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in the 1970s due to the order of Lin Biao No.1, and now the East China Sea Fleet is stationed in Zhoushan Islands.