The foreman eunuch ran to the toffee and knelt down: "I told Old Master Q that long live the grandfather has a bowl of rice, a steamed bread and a bowl of porridge." Enter the incense! "
This is the court life scene described by the last emperor Puyi in My First Half Life. What the emperor eats and how he eats, he always reports to the toffee, which makes him very angry. Later, he wrote: ... The most valuable calligraphy and paintings and ancient books in the palace were transported out of the palace in the name of my gift to Pu Jie and stored in the house of the British Concession in Tianjin. Every day when Pu Jie comes home from school, he always carries a big burden. The ancient paintings and calligraphy books shipped out are outstanding treasures. I remember the ink of Wang Xizhi and his son, the ink of Cao E's tablet and iron, the original works of Zhong You, Huai Su monks, Mi Fei, Zhao Mengfu and Dong Qichang, the manuscript of Zi Jian by Sima Guang, the figure painting of Tang Dynasty, the Map of the Yangtze River by Song Dynasty, Xia Xuan and lin ma, etc.
In the chaotic times at the beginning of last century, the last emperor smuggled many treasures from the Forbidden City to Tianjin.
Now, the Shanghai Museum can satisfy everyone's desire to peep. The rare paintings and calligraphy of the Forbidden City, which support the classic exhibition of paintings and calligraphy, are still in the museum, and a batch of 160 treasures in the palace are coming in one after another. In the Spring Festival, a traditional festival full of secular interests, it is definitely a pleasure for ordinary people to have a close look at the things in the Forbidden City.
Wearing the emperor's robe is not comfortable at all.
The exhibition of palace treasures in the Palace Museum is arranged in four parts: treasures, clocks, costumes and Sanxi Hall, and the categories include etiquette, crown costumes, exhibitions, jewelry, military equipment, learning and appreciation supplies, etc.
Among them, the costumes of emperors are quite interesting. Among the exhibits, there is a bright yellow robe, Caiyun Jinlong, which is quite conspicuous. Emperor Jiaqing wore it on important occasions such as ancestor worship. There are nine dragons on the chest, back, shoulders, waist curtain, pleats and hem of the robe. Don't underestimate these nine dragons, the number and position can be exquisite, and the nine dragons symbolize the supremacy of 99. However, it is not pleasant to put on such heavy clothes, sit stiffly in the dragon chair and accept the worship of civil and military officials without moving.
According to experts at the Shanghai World Expo, "The Emperor's clothing can be divided into five categories according to different occasions: formal clothes, auspicious clothes, regular clothes, traveling clothes and rainproof clothes, among which Korean clothes have the highest specifications." This time, I took out 15 pieces of Qing dynasty palace costumes from the Forbidden City at one time, all of which were worn by emperors and empresses such as Qianlong, Yongzheng, Jiaqing and Guangxu, including the court clothes worn by the emperor when he went to court, and the clothes worn during sacrifices. The valuation of each work exceeds 4 million yuan-this will not be the valuation given by reference to the autumn auction in 2005.
In recent years, the drama of Qing Palace has been very popular, but whether joking or seriously speaking, in film and television works, the emperor's dress often makes mistakes, which makes historians very angry. I really hope that the directors and screenwriters will take some time to look at this physical exhibition and stop making a fool of themselves. Experts at the Shanghai World Expo said: "It is wrong for some film and television drama emperors to wear dragon robes but crowns;" It is wrong for an actor to have a dragon pattern on his costume. Where the dragon pattern appeared on the emperor's clothes, the form and quantity of the dragon pattern were stipulated. "But then again, ordinary people don't care much about wearing clothes. In the last sentence, the story is tense and the actors are brilliant.
Autumn Tour to Yushan was released from the palace for the last time.
Among many rare treasures, a picture of Yushan Mountain in Autumn Mountain is definitely a masterpiece, with a height of 130cm, a width of 74cm, a thickness of 20cm and a total weight of more than 500kg. The whole body is dark green and slightly white, which constitutes a charming "clever color" in jade. Terraces, waterside pavilions, tall trees and short grass are all carved according to the situation. Even the subtle changes in the width and narrowness under the mountain road are vividly displayed. According to Ms. Zhao Guiling from the Jade Department of the Palace Museum, "Autumn Mountain Tour Jade Mountain", "Dayu Water Control" and "Huichang Jiulao Mountain" are also called "Three Wonders of Jade Mountain" in the Palace Museum. During the Qianlong period, it was crafted by 3,000 Yangzhou jade craftsmen for five years, taking the artistic conception of the painting of the same name by the court painter Jin Tingbiao.
By the way, Yangzhou gathered a group of jade masters in the Qing Dynasty, among which the top talents were selected to serve the emperor and queen in the Qing Palace, and their skills were quite famous at that time.
"Autumn Mountain Tour Yushan" is based on Hetian jade in Xinjiang. How did this giant ship from Xinjiang to Yangzhou for processing and then back to the Forbidden City? Zhao Guiling told reporters that this piece of jade "slipped" all the way after being watered and frozen in winter. "It has been thirty-five years since Yushan arrived at the Forbidden City by land and water."
According to the leader of the Palace Museum who has just arrived in Shanghai, "Autumn Mountain Tour to Yu Tu" has just been moved from one warehouse to another. Originally, it was not intended to leave the palace, but was transported to Shanghai under the "strong demand" of the Shanghai World Expo. Moreover, this is my first time to leave the Forbidden City and come to Shanghai. Whether I will leave the palace in the future is still a question. In order to let the audience see all its sculptors clearly, Chambert successfully installed three mirrors on its back.
They walk between the sun and the moon.
Visitors who have been to the Forbidden City will not miss visiting the furnishings of the emperor's bedroom. Although there is no worry, it is dark all year round. There is a brass charcoal basin in the center of the room, and there is no modern sanitary facilities. Before Guangxu, there were no electric lights and telephones. In terms of comfort, it is definitely not as good as the well-off families now. But a half-roll of ivory pad on a gum bed is really amazing. Now, people who don't go to the Forbidden City can have a quick look. The exhibition presented an ivory table from Yongzheng period, and the Palace Museum only had two. In order to protect cultural relics, the exhibition was not launched, but experts from the exhibition department of Shanghai World Expo skillfully showed the audience its expanded part. Chen, curator of the Shanghai World Expo, told the reporter that at that time, the manufacturing department soaked the whole ivory with liquid medicine and chopped it with a scraper. Each tooth piece was only two millimeters wide, and the time-consuming weaving could be imagined. Later, it was said that Yong Zhengdi also felt really extravagant and told the office not to do it again.
Western emperors gave the Qing court more than 10 sets of clocks and watches. The Palace Museum has more than 65,438+0,000 exquisite clocks and watches. The treasures on display represent the most advanced mechanical manufacturing level in18th century. Although "old", it can still operate normally.
A white ape longevity bell plated with bronze and gold is a birthday present given by Europeans at the 80th birthday of Qianlong, which is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. After the clock was wound, with the music, the upper umbrella cover turned and Kirin shook his head left and right. At the same time, the middle shutter rose, and the ape walked out of the arch, leaned down and knelt down, and stretched his hands forward to break Xiantao. The ape also moved his arms up and down to make a peach shape, which was very interesting. A copper-plated bell used by foreigners to lead sheep was also exhibited. This work from Britain18th century is a rare treasure even in the exhibition hall of the Forbidden City.
On the night before the opening of the exhibition, Qin Shiming, an expert from the Cultural Protection Department of the Palace Museum, performed the action of carrying a copper-plated and gold-plated flower clock. He used three keys to start the mechanism, so the sailboats and lions on the base were free to advance and retreat with the accompaniment of music. The elephant's eyes, nose and tail began to turn, and senior officials also came out to inspect it, as if it were serious ... This clock was a product of Britain in the18th century, indicating that the mechanical manufacturing level of western countries had reached a very high level at that time.
Catherine Carr, an American female painter who once painted the Empress Dowager Cixi, wrote in the book Dusk in the Forbidden Garden: In the bedroom of Empress Dowager Cixi, there are 15 clocks in normal operation on the shelf of the bed. "They are ticking away, and the time signal must ring at different times, which is enough to drive a neurotic European woman crazy, but the empress dowager does outdoor sports every day, as if she is not neurotic at all."
Emperor Qianlong was also a big player of western clocks and watches, but he stayed at the level of playing, and didn't really realize that western scientific and technological achievements were a kind of productivity, let alone let China craftsmen copy or develop them. At this time, although China also had a first-class Nanjing clock, even craftsmen in China could make more exquisite clocks and watches. Unfortunately, this technology is limited to the court, and it has not entered the market, let alone entered the modern industrial process.
The Treasure Exhibition also restored Emperor Qianlong's "Sanxi Hall" study, allowing the audience to feel the aesthetic taste of the Qing emperor at close range across time and space. Sanxi Hall is a small room in the West Warm Pavilion of hall of mental cultivation in the Forbidden City. Emperor Qianlong regarded Wang Xizhi's Fast Snow Post, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Wang Xun's Yuan Bo Post as rare treasures and named them "Sanxi Hall". Of course, only the shelves of the study were restored, among which the porcelain and furnishings of the study were important cultural relics. And from the field, "Sanxi Hall" is less than 10 square meter, and it is occupied by a big kang.