At June 17 18 17:30 Milan time, the team "Go to Europe with Zhongxin" ended their trip to Lucerne, Switzerland, and drove from Switzerland to Italy more than two hours later. After arriving in Italy, I first visited downtown Milan.
Sightseeing bus on the streets of Milan
This group of friends followed Jin Guangzhe's guide on the street in the center of Milan. On the way, the tour guide Jin introduced the relevant situation of Milan: Milan, Italy is famous for its architecture, fashion, art, painting, opera, economy and football. It is one of the most famous international metropolises in the world, one of the eight metropolises in the world, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, the capital of fashion and design in the world, and the most influential city in fashion industry.
Street view of Milan
Milan is also one of the three metropolitan areas in Europe, the most developed city in Italy and one of the four economic centers in Europe. It is the largest Italian metropolis, the economic capital, the capital of lombardia and the capital of Milan. Milan metropolitan area has a population of 7.55 million, covering 200 cities and 6 provinces, and covering the northern part of Lombardy. Its urban influence covers Piedmont, Liguria, Romagne, Veneto, Emilia and Tuscany.
Old trams on the streets of Milan
Milan has more than half of the world famous brands, all the world famous fashion houses are located here, and more than half of the fashion brands are headquartered here. It is the first of the five fashion capitals in the world, a famous historical and cultural city, and a place that global designers yearn for. The great Leonardo da Vinci left the most brilliant works in this city, just like the white flame of Milan Cathedral soaring into the sky. Scala Grand Theatre represents the pinnacle of world opera. This is the hometown of world-class clothes such as Armani, Versace, Prada, dolce & gabbana, Valentino and Moschino. Milan Fashion Week influences the world fashion.
Milan Cathedral
Friends first go sightseeing in the famous Milan Cathedral in the city center. As the day catches up with the weekend. So the square in front of Milan Cathedral is engaged in large-scale activities, so it is heavily guarded. But since I'm here, I must show the elegance of Milan Cathedral. Milando di Milano, also known as Domo Cathedral, was built between 1386 and 1805. It is the main church in Milan and one of the five largest churches in the world, ranking second in the world. Napoleon was crowned here.
Looking up at Milan cathedral at close range
Milan Cathedral is also the largest Gothic building in the world, one of the largest churches in the world, second only to St. Peter's Church in Vatican City, and one of the most influential churches in the world. The length of the church is158m, and the widest point is 93m. Total area 1 1700 square meters, which can accommodate 35,000 people. Milan Cathedral plays an extremely important role in religious circles. The famous "Milan Pardon Order" was promulgated here in 1860, which legalized Christianity and became the state religion of the Roman Empire. Here, Leonardo da Vinci bramante drew numerous design sketches for him. In order to make the cathedral more magnificent, Leonardo da Vinci invented the elevator for this building.
Statues on the outer wall of the church
Milan Cathedral is also the building with the largest number of sculptures and minarets in the world, and is known as the Marble Mountain. She is not only a church, a building, but also a spiritual symbol and symbol of Milan, and a miracle in the history of world architecture and world civilization. Milan Cathedral, built of white marble, is 59 meters wide and 130 meters long, with the highest vault in the middle of 45 meters. The characteristic of this church lies in its shape. Arch, pilaster, window lattice, * * * There are 135 minarets, which go straight into the sky like dense Tallinn, and each minaret has an idol.
A painting scene on one side of the church
There are more than 2000 statues outside the church, which are very strange. If there are more than 6,000 statues in it, it is the Gothic church with the largest number of statues in the world. Therefore, the church building is particularly gorgeous and lively, with a secular atmosphere. In addition, the church also has a spire of107m, which was created by Italian architect Bruno Les based on15th century. There is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary at the top of the tower, which is dazzling and magical under the sunlight.
The Artistic Atmosphere of Milan Hotel
In the evening, after sightseeing in Milan, the team checked into Ibis Milan Hotel. The reporter feels that this is also the best feeling of this trip to Europe so far, compared with the hotel I stayed in a few days ago. First, hotels are older than those in Germany, France and Switzerland. And the hotel that night obviously felt relatively new. Interior design is also full of artistic color.
Sunflower Sea in Pisa
On the morning of June 17, the team left Milan for Florence. When the bus is running, you can clearly see the difference between Switzerland and Italy through the window. From the Swiss region where we passed this trip, we saw mainly hilly landforms, but when we entered Italy, we saw more mountains. But according to Jin Guangzhe, the tour guide, behind this mountain is actually the Mediterranean Sea. Entering the Pisa area, you can see the beautiful sunflower sea outside the window, which is very eye-catching.
The lively scene outside the leaning tower of Pisa
Italian time 14:00, the team came to the world-famous Pisa miracle. While watching the leaning tower of Pisa, members had an episode. Because tourist attractions can't take long-distance buses, we all took local buses under the arrangement of Jin Guangzhe. Although there are only four or five stops, the group members have added another experience of taking a bus in Italy. The bus just stopped at the gate of the scenic spot. I saw that it was in the ideal city that day, and there were stalls selling all kinds of handicrafts, food and clothing everywhere outside the door. Here, people jostle shoulder to shoulder and are very lively. Walking into the city, the leaning tower of Pisa in front of an open-air square not far away suddenly caught people's eyes.
Walking into the Leaning Tower of Pisa (Photo: Wang Jue)
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa or Torre di Pisa) is the independent bell tower of Pisa Cathedral in Italy, located in the Miracle Square north of Pisa in Tuscany, Italy. Walking into the square, there are a group of religious buildings scattered on the lawn. They are buildings composed of cathedrals, baptisms, bell towers (Leaning Tower of Pisa) and cemeteries. Their external walls are all ivory marble, which are relatively independent but form a unified Roman architectural style. The leaning tower of Pisa behind Pisa Cathedral is very spectacular and eye-catching.
Landscape of leaning tower of Pisa
The leaning tower of Pisa is 58.36 meters high from the foundation to the top of the tower and 55 meters high from the ground to the top of the tower. The wall of the bell tower on the ground is 4.09 meters wide and the top of the tower is 2.48 meters wide. The total weight is about 14453 tons, and the center of gravity is 22.6 meters higher than the foundation. The circular foundation covers an area of 285 square meters with an average ground pressure of 497 kPa. The inclination angle is 3.99 degrees, 2.5 meters away from the outer edge of the foundation, and the top floor protrudes 4.5 meters. Tilting was first discovered in 174.
cathedral of pisa
Talking about the architectural features of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Jin Guangzhe said: The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy was built in 1 173 and was presided over by the famous architect Nano Bisano. Located behind the Romanesque Cathedral on the right, it is a symbol of Pisa. At the beginning, the height of the tower was designed to be about 100 meters, but after five or six years of construction, the tower began to tilt from the third floor until it was completed. Before closing, the top of the tower has been tilted to the south (that is, the top of the tower deviates from the vertical line) by 3.5 meters. 1990, the Italian government closed it down and started renovation work.
Batiste Rowe
In practical work, many experts have fully studied the whole history of the leaning tower of Pisa, as well as its building materials, structure, geology, water source and other aspects, and adopted various advanced instruments and equipment for testing. Professor Piroddi, an ancient historian of Pisa, believes that every Shi Zhuan with the leaning tower of Pisa is an exquisite stone carving, and the combination of Shi Zhuan and Shi Zhuan is very ingenious.
Of course, Pisa people are most concerned about the fate of the leaning tower. Although they are also worried about the leaning tower, they are more proud and proud. They are proud that there is a leaning tower in their hometown that they think can rival the world famous buildings. They firmly believe that it will not fall. They have a saying that the leaning tower of Pisa is as strong as Pisa people and will never fall down. What's more, they hate the suggestion of straightening the leaning tower again. For example, in 1934, 90 tons of cement was sprayed on the foundation and its surroundings to implement the foundation waterproofing project. On the contrary, the tower becomes more unstable, moves around and tilts faster.
The obelisk on the streets of Florence
In the afternoon, I left the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy, and arrived in Florence, Italy in less than an hour's drive. As the tour guide had to go through a series of formalities for the group to travel to Rome the next day, we entrusted the group to Miss Tang, who was studying and working in Rome, to be our tour guide temporarily. So the group members started a sightseeing tour of Florence with Don.
Florence railway station
In the suburb of Florence, the motorcade took a transit bus to the city railway station, got off and walked to the city. Along the way, Tang described everything here vividly, such as Florence, which has a long history and is not only a famous Italian cultural city, but also the birthplace of the European Renaissance. Located on a plain in the Arno Valley, the ancient city is surrounded by mountains, with seven bridges across the banks, and has the reputation of "the capital of flowers".
Street view of Florence
The most brilliant Italian Renaissance art in human history was born and matured here. Artists such as leonardo da vinci, Michelangelo and Brulinski have created a large number of buildings, sculptures and paintings for this city, which are still well preserved. Many churches, palaces and art galleries in the city exude infinite charm and have a strong historical and cultural atmosphere. The whole city is filled with a strong artistic atmosphere and is one of the most desirable cultural tourism destinations for tourists from all over the world.
Close-up of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
First, the team went to Notre Dame Square in the city center to watch the spectacular architectural landscape of the church. Notre Dame de Paris is the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Florence. The church complex consists of cathedral, bell tower and Baptist church. 1982 was listed as a part of the historical center of Florence and became a world cultural heritage.
"Golden Gate" of Sangiovanni Baptist Church
Sangiovani Baptist Church is located a few meters west of the cathedral. It was completed in the 7th century and rebuilt in 1 1 century. This is a white octagonal Romanesque building. All the children in Florence were baptized here, including Dante, Machiavelli and other celebrities. The three bronze gates of the baptist church are engraved with bronze reliefs of three stories in the Old Testament, two of which were made by ghiberti and praised by Michelangelo as "the gates of heaven".
The bell tower near Notre Dame de Hundred Flowers.
The bell tower of Notre Dame de Paris is 85 meters high. It was originally designed and supervised by Giotto in 1334, so it is commonly known as Giotto Bell Tower. It belongs to Gothic architecture, with six-story square structure stacked into columns and white marble on the outer wall, which is pure and elegant. The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1296, and the Black Death broke out in the autumn of 1347, forcing the project to be interrupted. In 367, it was decided by referendum to build an octagonal dome with a diameter of 43.7 meters and a height of 52 meters at the intersection of the nave of the church. In April18, the Florence municipal government publicly solicited suggestions for the design and construction of large domes. Filippo Brunellesky, a craftsman proficient in ancient Roman architecture, was chosen as the chief architect. When building the vault, instead of the popular "arch eagle frame" circular arch wooden frame, a novel "fishbone" construction method was adopted, and it was gradually built from bottom to top.
Sculptures and paintings on the outer walls of churches
Notre Dame de Paris held a dedication ceremony on March 25th. 1436. A hundred years later, Michelangelo built a similar dome in St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome, but he lamented: "I can build a bigger dome than it, but it can't be more beautiful." Inside the dome is a huge zenith painting "Doomsday Judgment", which was painted by Florentine painter giorgio vasari in16th century. On the north wall of the main hall are Uccello's painting Giovanni Aguto Monument and Dante and the Divine Comedy (1465) to commemorate Dante's 200th birthday.
Town Hall Square
After leaving Notre Dame de Paris, the motorcade came to Florence City Hall Square and saw the beautiful buildings, sculptures and Renaissance bronze statues in this area, which were vivid and vivid. So it is called the most beautiful square in Italy. City Hall Square is also called Monarch Square and Sinho Cylindrical Square. There is an ancient bunker-style palace built in13rd century, which is called Vecchio Palace (now City Hall). All kinds of stone carvings in the square are connected with the corridor on the flank of Vecchio Palace, becoming an open-air sculpture museum.
Statue of David Square
The most famous sculpture in the square is Michelangelo's portrait of David. It is said that David, who was originally placed here, was struck by lightning twice and was almost stolen in an accident. After three natural and man-made disasters, the government had to put the original in the museum, and a full-size replica was placed in the open square of the city hall. Medici's old palace is located in the city hall.
The town hall square is a statue.
In Florence's Renaissance history, it is no exaggeration to say that there would be no Florence without medici family, and there would be no outstanding cultural and historical relics left over from the Renaissance. Therefore, this is the best place to visit the old Medici Palace.
A corner of the old palace of Medici
When visiting the former residence of Medici, the tour guide specially hired a senior commentator named Isabella Han for the team. During the visit, Ms. Han told the members vividly and in detail about this ancient palace: our present Medici's former residence is located in Florence City Hall, which is a heavy Roman building with battlements and the most magnificent city hall in Tuscany. Overlooking the main square, in front of it is Michelangelo's replica of David statue and many masterpieces of sculpture, which is one of the most important public spaces in Italy.
War murals in the old palace
The old Medici Palace was originally called the main palace, named after the rulers of Florence and China. After Medici moved the Duke's residence to Galleria Palatina in Palazzo Pitti across the Arno River, it was called the "old palace". It is the most magnificent room in the old palace salone dei cinquecento, with a length of 52m and a width of 23m. It was built on 1494 by Szimandl Poleo Rowe and entrusted by Safonarola. Later, this hall was expanded by vasari in Qiao Erqiao, where Grand Duke Cosimo I held a court meeting. Some famous unfinished works were lost in this transformation, including Michelangelo's sketch "Battle of Cassina" and Leonardo da Vinci's "Battle of Anglia". The existing decoration of this hall was painted by giorgio vasari and his assistant between 1555 and 1572. They mark the upsurge of style and make this hall a model of the whole palace.
A large room in an ancient palace.
Large murals hung on the walls of the hall show Florence's victory over rivals Pisa and Siena, including the capture of Siena, the conquest of the port of Elkole, Cosimo I's defeat of marciano in the Chiana Valley, San Vincenzo's defeat of Pisa, Austrian Maxim's attempt to conquer Livorno, and Florence's army's attack on Pisa. These murals are not only beautiful, but also of great historical significance.
Murals in the old palace
Walking into the Old Palace of Medici, people can see that the creation relics of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are recorded here. The only award-winning work of Michelangelo has become the treasure of the town palace here, and the remains of Da Fan Qi's creation found in the murals have not been solved yet. Today, half of the old palace is still the office of the Florence municipal government, while the other half is similar to a museum, which contains many works of art born in the Renaissance. Climb the outdoor platform of the museum and you can also see the ancient city of Florence. This is really a place full of rich cultural heritage.
Looking at Florence from the platform of the old palace
Xu Zhimo, a famous modern poet in China, translated Florence as "emerald is cold and green". The most brilliant moment was the Renaissance, when the local tycoon medici family established the tyrant politics of Florence in the15th century and became the uncrowned king of Florence. From15th century to the middle of18th century, the 300-year history of Florence was closely linked with the rise and fall of medici family, and the family emblem of medici family became the emblem of Florence today.
Murals in the old palace
Medici family loved art, and with its protection and support, many celebrities gathered in Florence at that time, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Dante, Galileo, Michelangelo, Machiavelli (the author of The Prince) and so on. It is precisely because many outstanding artists created a large number of buildings, sculptures and paintings shining with the light of the Renaissance that Florence became the top priority of the Renaissance.
Fruit and vegetable stalls in the street
After leaving the old palace of Medici, I wandered around the old city of Florence. Both vehicles and pedestrians walk through the wide streets. These streets are all in the cracks between buildings that are not very high, just like hutongs in Beijing, but the difference is that hutongs are passages in bungalows. This is between buildings. Italy is very hot in summer, and the sun shines to more than 30 degrees. Walking on the street here is very uncomfortable, and it feels cool and comfortable. After the sightseeing in Florence, the motorcade immediately set off and continued on, arriving at the umbria Hotel, which is about100km away from Rome. The European team is about to start a trip to Rome.