Luonan history
I. Shangluo History and Culture Shangluo is named after Shangshan and Luoshui.

Shangzhou district where the city is located. Shangzhou, also known as "River City", is called "River City" because it is located in the north of Danjiang River, with its back to JinFengshan and facing Guishan Mountain.

Located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, bordering Hubei and Henan provinces. It borders Lingbao, Lushi, Xixia and Xichuan counties and cities in Henan Province in the east; It is adjacent to Yunxian and Yunxi in Hubei Province in the south; The southwest is adjacent to Ankang, Ningshan and Xunyang, and the northwest is adjacent to Chang 'an and Lantian. Tongguan, Huayin and hua county are connected to the north.

It is bounded by east longitude108 34' 20 "~11'25" and north latitude 33 2' 30 "~ 34 24' 40". It is about 229 kilometers long from east to west and 138 kilometers wide from north to south.

The total area of the whole region is 19292 square kilometers, accounting for 9.36% of the total area of the whole province. It has jurisdiction over seven counties, including Shangzhou, Luonan, Feng Dan, Yang Shan, Shangnan, Zhen 'an and Zhashui.

By the end of 20 10, the registered population of the city was 2,448,300. Among them, the agricultural population1586,600.

More than 3,000 ethnic minorities 19, 1339 1 person, distributed in 7 counties (districts) of the city, accounting for about 0.49% of the total population of the city. Among them, there are four ethnic minorities with more than1000 people, namely * * *, Zhuang, Mongolian and Manchu; There are 7 people whose 10 is above, namely Tibetan, * * * Er, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Li and Dong. Shangzhou District, where the Municipal Party Committee is located, is kilometers away from Xi 'an 1 10, the provincial capital.

Ancient City Shangluo (20 pieces) Daqin Shangyu Shangshan is a famous mountain on the south bank of Danjiang River, 7.5 kilometers west of Danfeng County. Qinling, Mangling, Liu Ling, Bai Stork, Xinkailing and Yunling are six mountain ranges, which are undulating.

Luoshui refers to Nanluo River, which is a big tributary of the south bank of the lower Yellow River. Originated in Muchagou, Luoyuan Township, Luonan County, Shangluo City.

It flows eastward into Henan, passes through Lushi County, Luoning County, Yiyang County and Luoyang City, and reaches Ina near Yangcun Village in Yanshi County, later known as Luo Yi, and flows into the Yellow River north of Luokou, gongyi city. The Notes on Water Classics says: "Luoshui comes out of Guanluo Mountain in Shangluo County, Jingzhao, north of Xiong 'er Mountain in east longitude (now Lushi County, Henan Province), and Gong Yu's so-called" drawing Luozi from Xiong 'er Mountain "is here."

Shangluo county (county) was established at the beginning, because it is located in the upper reaches of Luoshui (named after Luoyang, the eastern capital), and the county (county) domain is named after the source of Luoshui, and the county (county) is governed in Shangxian today. The ancient county (county) has a large territory, and some people mistakenly think that Luoshui refers to the nearby Danjiang River, because the county (county) is a little farther away from Luoshui than the famous tributary of the Han River.

Shangluo-Danhelou Shangluo has a complex landform structure and is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". There are six mountain ranges, Qinling, Mangling, Liu Ling, Stork Mountain, Xinkailing and Yunling, with rolling mountains.

Ridges and valleys are arranged alternately, and the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and it is palm-shaped from northwest to southeast. The highest elevation is located in Niubeiliang (2802.6438+0m), the main peak of North Qinling Mountain in Zhashui County, and the lowest elevation is located in Danjiang Valley near Shangnan County (2 154m).

The main rivers are five rivers: Danjiang River, Luohe River, Qianjin River, Glycerol River and Xunhe River, which crisscross and have dense tributaries. Collapse the Yangtze River and Yellow River.

The northern climate belongs to the warm temperate zone, while the southern climate belongs to the subtropical zone. The annual average temperature is 7.8~ 13.9℃, the highest is 37 ~ 40.8℃, and the lowest is-11.8℃ ~-21.6℃.

Annual precipitation is 7 10 ~ 930mm, sunshine 1860~2 130 hours. The frost-free period is 2 10 days.

The mountain is high, it is not dangerous, there is plenty of water, and there are few waves flooding. Its customs are both the wilderness in the north and the beautiful scenery in the south.

Beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery. Shangluo area has a long history.

According to archaeological discoveries, as early as the Paleolithic Age more than one million years ago, there were activities of ancestors here. In the Neolithic Age, along the banks of Luohe River, Danjiang River, Qianjin River, Glycerol River and Xunhe River, ancestors lived here.

According to the Records of Historical Records Yin Benji, the deed (Xiè) was long, and Zuo Yu made great contributions to water control and was sealed in Shang Dynasty. "Kuodizhi" cloud: Shangluo County, 80 miles east of Shangzhou, is an ancient Shang country.

The scenery at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains-Guishan's Notes on Water Classics says: Fresh water originated in the south of Shangxian County in Shangluo, and the contract was sealed here at the beginning. Dede is Di Ku's son.

With the change of dynasties, there are counties, prefectures, roads, roads, districts, sub-districts, special areas and regions, with different titles and different subordinate relationships. Xia and Shang Dynasties belonged to Liang, Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn Dynasties belonged to Jin, and Warring States belonged to Qin.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the north and south belonged to Guanzhong County and Hanzhong County. During the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to hongnong county and Hanzhong County.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Jinghe Hanzhong County, and in the second year of Jintai (257), Shangluo County was established. The Northern Wei Dynasty successively set up Jingzhou and Luozhou in China, and set up counties such as Luoyi, Shang Yong, Lihe and Weixin.

In the Western Wei Dynasty, Yangqi County was added. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Lihe and Wei Xing counties were abolished and Shen Zheng County was established.

In the first year of Zheng Xuan (578), Luozhou was changed to Shangzhou. In the Sui Dynasty, Shangluo, Refuse Yang, Refuse Yang, and Refuse Yang were abolished, while Shangzhou was preserved.

After the revocation of Shangzhou, Shangluo County was re-established. In the Tang Dynasty, Shangluo County was abolished, Shangzhou was re-established and returned to Shannan Road.

Later Shangzhou was changed to Shangluo County. Shangluo County was abolished in the Song Dynasty and Shangzhou was established, which belonged to Yongxing Army Road and later to Henan Road.

The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Fengyuan Road. The Ming Dynasty belonged to Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province.

In the Qing Dynasty, Shangzhou was promoted to Zhili, and it still belonged to Xi 'anzhou. After the Revolution of 1911, Shangzhou was abolished in the early years of the Republic of China, and the original counties were assigned to Guanzhong Road and Hanzhong Road respectively.

After the waste road system, the county is directly under the jurisdiction of the province. After that, the fourth administrative supervision area of Shaanxi Province was established, which governed six counties, namely Shangxian, Luonan, Yang Shan, Zhen 'an, Shangnan and Zhashui. At the end of the Republic of China, Longjuzhai Administration Bureau (a third-class county) was established.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Southern Shaanxi Administrative Office was established in Shangluo area, and later it was changed to Shangluo area and Shangluo area. In 2002, Shangluo was approved by the State Council.

Second, the history and culture of Shangluo Shangluo is named after Shangshan and Luoshui. Shangzhou district where the city is located. Shangzhou, also known as "River City", is called "River City" because it is located in the north of Danjiang River, with its back to JinFengshan and facing Guishan Mountain. Located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, bordering Hubei and Henan provinces. It borders Lingbao, Lushi, Xixia and Xichuan counties and cities in Henan Province in the east; It is adjacent to Yunxian and Yunxi in Hubei Province in the south; The southwest is adjacent to Ankang, Ningshan and Xunyang, and the northwest is adjacent to Chang 'an and Lantian. Tongguan, Huayin and hua county are connected to the north. It is bounded by east longitude108 34' 20 "~11'25" and north latitude 33 2' 30 "~ 34 24' 40". It is about 229 kilometers long from east to west and 138 kilometers wide from north to south. The total area of the whole region is 19292 square kilometers, accounting for 9.36% of the total area of the whole province. It has jurisdiction over seven counties, including Shangzhou, Luonan, Feng Dan, Yang Shan, Shangnan, Zhen 'an and Zhashui. By the end of 20 10, the registered population of the city was 2,448,300. Among them, the agricultural population1586,600. More than 3,000 ethnic minorities 19, 1339 1 person, distributed in 7 counties (districts) of the city, accounting for about 0.49% of the total population of the city. Among them, there are four ethnic minorities with more than1000 people, namely * * *, Zhuang, Mongolian and Manchu; There are 7 people whose 10 is above, namely Tibetan, * * * Er, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Li and Dong. Shangzhou District, where the Municipal Party Committee is located, is kilometers away from Xi 'an 1 10, the provincial capital.

Ancient City Shangluo (20 pieces) Daqin Shangyu Shangshan is a famous mountain on the south bank of Danjiang River, 7.5 kilometers west of Danfeng County. Qinling, Mangling, Liu Ling, Bai Stork, Xinkailing and Yunling are six mountain ranges, which are undulating. Luoshui refers to Nanluo River, which is a big tributary of the south bank of the lower Yellow River. Originated in Muchagou, Luoyuan Township, Luonan County, Shangluo City. It flows eastward into Henan, passes through Lushi County, Luoning County, Yiyang County and Luoyang City, and reaches Ina near Yangcun Village in Yanshi County, later known as Luo Yi, and flows into the Yellow River north of Luokou, gongyi city. The Notes on Water Classics says: "Luoshui comes out of Guanluo Mountain in Shangluo County, Jingzhao, north of Xiong 'er Mountain in east longitude (now Lushi County, Henan Province), and Gong Yu's so-called" drawing Luozi from Xiong 'er Mountain "is here." Shangluo county (county) was established at the beginning, because it is located in the upper reaches of Luoshui (named after Luoyang, the eastern capital), and the county (county) domain is named after the source of Luoshui, and the county (county) is governed in Shangxian today. The ancient county (county) has a large territory, and some people mistakenly think that Luoshui refers to the nearby Danjiang River, because the county (county) is a little farther away from Luoshui than the famous tributary of the Han River. Shangluo-Danhe Building

Shangluo is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field" because of its complex landform structure. There are six mountain ranges, Qinling, Mangling, Liu Ling, Stork Mountain, Xinkailing and Yunling, with rolling mountains. Ridges and valleys are arranged alternately, and the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and it is palm-shaped from northwest to southeast. The highest elevation is located in Niubeiliang (2802.6438+0m), the main peak of North Qinling Mountain in Zhashui County, and the lowest elevation is located in Danjiang Valley near Shangnan County (2 154m). The main rivers are five rivers: Danjiang River, Luohe River, Qianjin River, Glycerol River and Xunhe River, which crisscross and have dense tributaries. Collapse the Yangtze River and Yellow River. The northern climate belongs to the warm temperate zone, while the southern climate belongs to the subtropical zone. The annual average temperature is 7.8~ 13.9℃, the highest is 37 ~ 40.8℃, and the lowest is-11.8℃ ~-21.6℃. Annual precipitation is 7 10 ~ 930mm, sunshine 1860~2 130 hours. The frost-free period is 2 10 days. The mountain is high, it is not dangerous, there is plenty of water, and there are few waves flooding. Its customs are both the wilderness in the north and the beautiful scenery in the south. Beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery. Shangluo area has a long history. According to archaeological discoveries, as early as the Paleolithic Age more than one million years ago, there were activities of ancestors here. In the Neolithic Age, along the banks of Luohe River, Danjiang River, Qianjin River, Glycerol River and Xunhe River, ancestors lived here. According to the Records of Historical Records Yin Benji, the deed (Xiè) was long, and Zuo Yu made great contributions to water control and was sealed in Shang Dynasty. "Kuodizhi" cloud: Shangluo County, 80 miles east of Shangzhou, is an ancient Shang country. South scenery of Qinling Mountains-Guishan Mountain

"Water Classic Note" said: Fresh water started in the south of Shangxian County, Shangluo, and the contract was sealed here. Dede is Di Ku's son. With the change of dynasties, there are counties, prefectures, roads, roads, districts, sub-districts, special areas and regions, with different titles and different subordinate relationships. Xia and Shang Dynasties belonged to Liang, Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn Dynasties belonged to Jin, and Warring States belonged to Qin. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the north and south belonged to Guanzhong County and Hanzhong County. During the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to hongnong county and Hanzhong County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Jinghe Hanzhong County, and in the second year of Jintai (257), Shangluo County was established. The Northern Wei Dynasty successively set up Jingzhou and Luozhou in China, and set up counties such as Luoyi, Shang Yong, Lihe and Weixin. In the Western Wei Dynasty, Yangqi County was added. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Lihe and Wei Xing counties were abolished and Shen Zheng County was established. In the first year of Zheng Xuan (578), Luozhou was changed to Shangzhou. In the Sui Dynasty, Shangluo, Refuse Yang, Refuse Yang, and Refuse Yang were abolished, while Shangzhou was preserved. After the revocation of Shangzhou, Shangluo County was re-established. In the Tang Dynasty, Shangluo County was abolished, Shangzhou was re-established and returned to Shannan Road. Later Shangzhou was changed to Shangluo County. Shangluo County was abolished in the Song Dynasty and Shangzhou was established, which belonged to Yongxing Army Road and later to Henan Road. The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Fengyuan Road. The Ming Dynasty belonged to Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province. In the Qing Dynasty, Shangzhou was promoted to Zhili, and it still belonged to Xi 'anzhou. After the Revolution of 1911, Shangzhou was abolished in the early years of the Republic of China, and the original counties were assigned to Guanzhong Road and Hanzhong Road respectively. After the waste road system, the county is directly under the jurisdiction of the province. After that, the fourth administrative supervision area of Shaanxi Province was established, which governed six counties, namely Shangxian, Luonan, Yang Shan, Zhen 'an, Shangnan and Zhashui. At the end of the Republic of China, Longjuzhai Administration Bureau (a third-class county) was established. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Southern Shaanxi Administrative Office was established in Shangluo area, and later it was changed to Shangluo area and Shangluo area. In 2002, Shangluo was approved by the State Council.

3. Xieshao, Xiangxi Luonan County, Shaanxi Province Luonan County is located at the southern foot of the East Qinling Mountains and the upper reaches of the Luohe River. Named after the county is located in the county seat south of Luohe. It is the only county in southern Shaanxi Province that belongs to the Yellow River Basin. Luonan is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, shaped like a flying pigeon. The highest point in the territory is Caolianling, with an altitude of 2,646 meters, and the lowest point is Caolanhekou, with an altitude of 670 meters.

Luoshui flows eastward from the middle of the county seat, and its tributaries are distributed in fingers, forming a mountainous landform with multi-peaks, rivers meeting and rolling hills. The total area is 2830. 16 square kilometers and the total population is 450975.

Luonan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with a long history and profound cultural accumulation. According to textual research, as far back as 1 10,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age, our ancestors thrived here and created splendid ancient culture with hard-working hands and wisdom. A large number of stone tools in the mountain soil of Hekou and Jiaocun sites in China have the remarkable characteristics of Yangshao culture and Longshan culture.

In recent years, archaeologists have unearthed the tooth fossils of archaeopteryx, giant panda and tapir in Longyadong at the intersection of Luohe, Shimen and Xianhe, which has advanced the civilization history of Luonan for nearly one million years. Cang Xie, the historian of Xuanyuan Huangdi, the ancestor of humanity, once traveled with the Huangdi to Luonan, "climbing the mountain of Yangque, facing the water of Xuanhu Luoshui" and "creating words with fingers".

Its character is 28. Luonan is an old revolutionary base area and an important part of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi revolutionary base areas.

The older generation of proletarian revolutionaries, such as Tang Shu, Liu Zhidan, Xu, Cheng, Xu Haidong, Liu Huaqing, * * *, etc., all fought against Qin Python and moved to Luoshui. Luonan county has a long history.

As early as the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic, our ancestors lived and multiplied here. Tang Yu was a commercial country at that time.

Xia and Shang Dynasties moved to Liangzhou. The Zhou Dynasty and King Cheng belonged to the sun of Huashan, which was called Huayang Land.

Spring and autumn are Jin. The warring States period belongs to Qin.

After the Qin Dynasty unified China, Huayang County was established as a historical place, so it was ruled in Wuguchuan Gucheng Street in the southeast of the county. The Western Han Dynasty belonged to hongnong county.

The Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Jing Zhaoyin. Wei also belongs to hongnong county.

Jinhe belongs to Shangluo County. Are located in Shangluo County.

Exclusion county was established in the later Zhou Dynasty. Sui belongs to Shangzhou.

In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 583), Yang was abandoned and the county was renamed Luonan, located in the south of Luoshui. Luonan County is located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of the East Qinling Mountains and at the upper reaches of the Luohe River.

It is between 33 52 ′ 00 ″ north latitude and 34 25 ′ 58 ″ east longitude,109 44 ′1kloc-0/10 40 ′ 06 ″ east longitude, and borders Huayin County and Tongguan in the north.

In the east, there is a provincial boundary nearly a hundred miles long, which extends to the junction of Qin and Henan. The distance between the county seat and the surrounding counties is 72km west of Putaoling, 45km southwest of Huhe Zhangzigou, 7 1 km south of Yangdong, 72km north of Heizhang, 35km southeast of Jian 'anling155km west of Xi 'an/kloc-0.

Known as the "gateway to the southeast of Shaanxi". There are 25 townships, 383 administrative villages, 7 community neighborhood committees and 3029 villagers' groups in the county.

Cultivated land resources: Luonan County is a mountainous area with "eight mountains, half water and half fields", with a total land area of 4.238 million mu, including 496,000 mu of cultivated land. Forestry resources: The county is rich in forestry resources, with a forestry land area of 24,895,438+0,000 mu, and more than 60 common tree species 1.60, mainly including cypress, pine, shell bucket, birch, poplar, Scrophularia, walnut, persimmon, rose, lacquer tree, bitter wood, maple and bamboo.

Water resources: rich in water resources, rivers all over the country, rich in bait. There are 22 reservoirs in the county, with a total storage capacity of13.48 million cubic meters. Mineral resources: Luonan has good geological and metallogenic conditions and rich mineral resources. After geological survey and exploration, there are 34 kinds of proven mineral resources.

Among them, the metal minerals are gold, silver, copper, iron, molybdenum, lead, rhenium, zinc, tungsten and rare earth, which are concentrated in the Qinling Mountains. Non-metallic minerals include coal, potash feldspar, dolomite, cement limestone, crystal, silica, marble, pyrophyllite, diopside, tremolite, medical stone, apatite and clay, which are mainly distributed in the middle and southeast of the county. Luonan county belongs to the monsoon humid climate in the southern margin of warm temperate zone.

Because the mountains are continuous and undulating, they have obvious mountain climate characteristics. Monsoon has obvious influence.

Winter climate is cold, rain and snow are scarce, and the year is dry season; In spring, the temperature rises rapidly and the precipitation increases gradually. If accompanied by strong winds, soil evaporation intensifies and it is easy to form a spring drought. When the cold wave invades, freezing injury often occurs. Summer is the season with the highest temperature and the largest precipitation in a year. The rainfall is concentrated, and there are many thunderstorms and heavy rains, sometimes accompanied by hail, and sometimes there are local summer droughts and summer droughts. In autumn, the temperature drops rapidly, and there are many rainy days in the early stage, and waterlogging often occurs. Finally, it's less. It's sunny and crisp in autumn. The general climate features are: distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant rainfall, no intense heat in summer and no severe cold in winter.

In the growing season of plants, the solar radiation is stronger and the sunshine hours are more. However, due to the great annual changes in temperature and precipitation, disasters such as drought, flood, frost and hail often occur.

4. Who are the historical celebrities in Shangluo (since 1940)? Shangluo was first named in the Han Dynasty. Han Dynasty refers to the geographical combination of Shangluo (county) and Shang (county). Sui Dynasty refers to a county name. When People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, Shangluo organizational system was the name of prefecture-level organizational system representing six counties. Later, it was changed to Shangluo, a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi Province. Located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, it borders Henan Province in the east, Hubei Province in the southeast, Weinan City, xi City and Ankang City in Shaanxi Province in the north, northwest and southwest respectively. Located in Qinling Mountains, it is named after the presence of Shangshan Luoshui in the territory.

Shangluo City * * * governs Shangzhou District and six counties, namely Zhen 'an County, Danfeng County, Shangnan County, Luonan County, Shanyang County and Zhashui County. The area is about 1985 1 square kilometer, [1] 20 14 population is 2.49 million. [2]

Shangluo mainly produces wheat, corn and rice, among which "Linggou Redmi" is the most famous. It is a concentrated producing area of walnuts, chestnuts, persimmons and auricularia in Shaanxi. Mink breeding ranks first in Shaanxi Province. There are rare animals such as giant panda, Sumen antelope, Qingyang, forest musk deer, otter and black stork. The main minerals are gold, silver, coal, aluminum and zinc. The reserves of potash feldspar rank first in China and second in the world.

The scenic spots and historical sites in Shangluo include Bijia Mountain Scenic Area, Zhashui Cave, Erlang Temple, Fengyang Pagoda and Dayun Temple, as well as Shangnan Approximate Grand Canyon, Niubeiliang, Tianzhu Mountain, Moon Cave and the birthplace of Buddha, which are yet to be developed. It is the only 5A scenic spot in southern Shaanxi. Since 20 10, the annual China Qinling Ecotourism Festival has been held in Shangluo, the charming city of Qinling. Shangyu Ancient Road Cultural Scenic Spot is one of the top ten key cultural tourism projects in Shaanxi Province. [3]