It has been translated into Suona, Pinna, Surnai, Suona and Suona.
With regard to the origin of the suona, it is said that in the 3rd century, the image of a musician playing the suona already appeared in the murals of the Kirgiz grottoes (about 265-420) in Baicheng, Xinjiang. On the other hand, it was introduced into the Central Plains in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, also known as "beating" and "blowing". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was widely spread among the people, and was mostly used as a percussion band for weddings, funerals and celebrations, and also as an accompaniment instrument for folk songs, dances and operas.
The historical materials of suona began to appear in the Ming Dynasty. Wang Mingqi's "Three Stories": "Lock Nai, its system is like a horn, seven holes, copper at the beginning and end, and wood at the pipe." "For the joy of the army, it is also used by the people today."
Suona in the Qing Dynasty was included in the back song in the court and was also used to write halogen books. Because both ends are made of copper, it is also called "Jinjiao". Later, the shapes of big suona, middle suona and small suona were derived.
The sizes and names of the double-reed musical instruments of different nationalities and regions are different. Relatively small ones are called "seawalls".
The larger one introduced from Myanmar is called "Niejiangdou". The suona used in Tibetan Buddhism is also called "Deli". Suona has a large volume, high timbre and strong penetration. It is suitable for expressing warm and cheerful music style, but many folk artists can also whistle with their lips to control their breath and blow out soft and faint sounds (also known as "flute sounds") to express lyrical or sad emotions.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were records about suona in ancient books: during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty (1506 ~ 152 1), suona was widely used in China. Qi Jiguang (1527 ~ 1587), a military commander in the Ming Dynasty, used suona in military music. He said in the Five Inscriptions of Ji Xiaoshu's Heart: "Whoever plays the trumpet is playing the suona."
In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Pan's Ode to the Horn Emperor is the best article to describe the suona: "Trumpet, big and small. The official ship is in a mess, and the price increase depends on you. The army worries about the army, and the people are afraid of the army. Where can we judge officials? Is it true?/You don't say. Seeing this, I blew the house down and hurt that one. I just blew the water away. "
In the late Ming Dynasty, suona played an important role in China traditional opera music, which was used to accompany singing and cut cards. In folk instrumental music based on traditional opera music, suona has also become an indispensable instrument.
In the Qing Dynasty, suona was called "Surnai" and was included in the court's "Guibu Qu". Nowadays, suona has become one of the musical instruments widely used by people of all ethnic groups in China.
China attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, suona art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.