Cultural connotation of place name words
Firstly, the etymology of "surabaya county" is briefly analyzed.
The word "surabaya county" belongs to the place name of Chinese administrative regions, and its standard pronunciation is "S Shu Xian". The county-level administrative region (place name entity) it refers to is located in the south-central part of Shandong Province, at the southern foot of Taiyi Mountain and at the upper reaches of Sihe River. It is located at 35 28' ~ 35 48' north latitude and117 05' ~117 35' east longitude. Pingyi County in the east, Qufu City in the west, Zoucheng City in the south, xintai city in the north and Ningyang County in the northwest. The county is 50.6 kilometers long from north to south and 52 kilometers wide from east to west, with an area of 109 1.8 square kilometers. County People's Government is located in the south of Jinan, the provincial capital190km north of Gucheng West Road in surabaya county. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Jining City.
Surabaya county was located in the 11th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 59 1 year), and the county seat was named after the river. Sihe River was called Surabaya in ancient times, and its name has a long history. As early as Yu Shun's time, surabaya county was one of the "Nine Waters".
Second, the evolution of surabaya county's administrative regions.
Surabaya county has been a land of border countries since ancient times. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was Luxuyi (now Sishui Town), Bianyi (now 2 1 km Bianqiao Village in the east of Sishui Town) and Miyi (now south of Bianqiao). In the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-24 AD), a border county was established, which governed the border town (now Quanlin Town Bianqiao). Its territory includes northern, central and eastern counties and Fangcheng area of xintai city, belonging to the State of Lu. The Three Kingdoms Wei (AD 220-265) belonged to Lu County. The Western Jin Dynasty changed Lu County to Lu State. In the north, border counties are deserted. In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (583), Wenyang was abandoned as a county, and in the eleventh year of Emperor Kai (59 1), Sishui County was located in Xuyi (now Sishui Town), named after Sihe. With the original border county, it belongs to Yanzhou and then to Lu Jun. Metal Yanzhou in Tang and Song Dynasties. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), it was abandoned in Qufu County and restored the following year, belonging to Jining Prefecture. Ming and Qing Dynasties belong to Yanzhou Prefecture. 19 14 belongs to Jining Road. 1925 belongs to Yanji Road. 1928 road waste belongs to the province. 1936 belongs to the first administrative supervision area. 194 1 year belongs to the first administrative region of southern Shandong. Later, it belonged to the first area in southern Shandong (1944), fourth area (1948), Nishan (1949), Taian (1950) and Jining (1956). In May, 1985 belongs to Jining City.
Third, the characteristics of surabaya county county name words.
According to the analysis of the place names of settlements (natural villages) in China, its composition and words have the following characteristics.
First, the formation of place names is relatively old. According to the research of cultural relics department, there are more than ten settlement sites in Surabaya from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society, among which Dawenkou cultural sites include Zhegou, Bai Qin, Zhongdu and Xiaohuanggou. Longshan cultural sites include Yinjiacheng, Yugou, Huang Yu Temple and Zhangzhuang.
Second, the naming of place names has obvious laws and characteristics. There are 2 17 natural villages named after natural entities, accounting for 36.7% of all natural villages, such as Dongwa, Yaoshan and Fengxian Zhuang. It reflects the natural geographical characteristics of this county, which is mountainous and watery. There are 232 villages named after surnames, accounting for 39.3% of the total number of natural villages such as Baocun, Zhazhai and Fengjiazhuang. There are 14 villages named after the ancient city, accounting for 2.4% of all villages, such as Bianqiao in Quanlin Town, Hanshu in Jang Jin, Guxian in Zhongce Town, etc. There are 20 villages named after scenic spots, accounting for 3.4% of all villages, such as Quanlin Village and Yuhuangmiao Street. There are 23 villages named after their products, accounting for 3.9% of all villages, such as jujube hill Valley and Taohuagang. There are 60 villages named after historical figures and legends, accounting for 1 1.2% of all villages, such as Kuayu River and Xiejiahe River. There are 9 villages named after Pudian and Market Town, accounting for 1.5% of all villages, such as Nanpuzi, Xianggongdian, Yujiaguan and Huangyinji.
Thirdly, influenced by dialects, some place names have special pronunciations, such as "ge" pronounced as "guo", "guo" pronounced as "ge" and "er" pronounced as "le". Some words have special pronunciations in some place names, such as Geshan pronounced "ge" as "guo". East Loess Cliff "Cliff" is pronounced as "Ai" and so on.
Physical and Cultural Connotation of Place Names
I. Profound history and culture
(A) the historical origin
Surabaya county has a long history, and the recorded history of Surabaya can be traced back to ancient times. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Lu has a large family library, thinking that there is a dragon palace residence", and the mirror notes: "Tai Hao takes the big family as the name of the dragon". Textual research on the culture of Yanhuang clan says: "Qufu has a large clan library, which is connected with soil and land. In particular, it can be proved that Julong is in Surabaya ... There is Julong Mountain fifteen miles southeast of Surabaya today. " .
(2) Cultural relics and historic sites
1. The site of Tianqi Temple is located in the north of Tianqi Temple Village. There is a deep ditch in the north, a river in the east and mountains in the west. It is a platform with a height of about 7 meters, a length of 80 meters from north to south and a width of 100 meters from east to west. Lime soil and pottery pieces are exposed on the cliff, and the accumulation thickness of cultural layer is1.5-2m. There are two kinds of unearthed pottery, mud and sand, mostly gray, mainly with rope patterns and plain faces, with remnants of ding, Wei, beans, pots and cans; Stone tools include stone axe, Shi Mao and stone sickle. In addition, some antlers have been unearthed, which are ancient sites of Longshan culture and Shang and Zhou cultures. 1988, National Cultural Heritage Administration excavated the site.
Historical event
1, the red army uprising in Ding Hao (? -12 16) A native of Quanlin, Surabaya, was the leader of the Red Army in the late Jin Dynasty. At the end of Jin Dynasty, Jurchen nobles and landlords of all ethnic groups intensified their oppression and exploitation of farmers, and social contradictions intensified. Farmers in Shandong and Hebei revolted in succession. Because the rebels all wear red coats, they are called "Red Army". The Red Army in Shandong mainly benefited from Yang Aner in the capital, James Li in Weizhou (now Weixian), Liu in Yimeng, Pingyi and Surabaya. The insurgents echoed each other and fought together, which dealt a heavy blow to the ruler's rule. In the second year of Zhenyou (12 14), the rulers sent heavy troops to Shandong to suppress the insurgents, and Yang Aner and Liu were killed or killed one after another, and most of the rest defected. Ding Hao's power increased greatly, and there were 60,000 ministers, so he established political power, set up hundreds of officials, and had the title of "great man". Ding Hao proclaimed himself emperor and had the title of "Shuntian". At the same time, take advantage of the situation to conquer more than ten counties such as Taian, Yanzhou, Tengzhou and Danzhou, as well as Laiwu and Xintai. Then he went south to Pizhou, conquered Zhangziba and got tens of thousands of warships. And set out to cross the Yellow River and go straight to the ruler's lair.
The victory of Ding Hao's Red Army caused great panic among rulers of Jin Dynasty, who quickly transferred troops from all over the country to suppress it. In the fourth year of Zhenyou (12 16), in May, under the unified command of the servant Sheng, the nomads from the Golden Army and Hao Definition Army launched a fierce battle. Lien Chan was defeated and suffered heavy losses because the rebels were mixed with dragons and dragons and had different orders. Ding Hao led the rest of the troops to break through and spread all over the country. Later, he was surrounded by the neighbors of Hong Yan, Jinjiang, in Zhegou area of Sishui. Hao was defeated and captured, and was escorted to the capital to be executed.
2. During the Anti-Japanese War in Surabaya, the main force of our army and local armed forces fought against the enemy and puppet troops for more than 300 times, including nearly 100 large-scale battles. 1the hill battle in June 939 wiped out more than 200 people. 1942 In the battle of Sun Xu in September, nearly 200 people were killed and 500 people were captured. 1944 in the battle of gu' an in July, the enemy motorcade was ambushed first, and then the Japanese puppet troops who came to retaliate were surrounded, killing more than 300 people in one fell swoop. 1June, 944 to1June,1June, the Japanese aggressors assembled Japanese puppet troops stationed in Yanzhou, Qufu, Surabaya and other places, and "surrounded" Geshanchang village four times in a row, and the strength increased from 500 to nearly 1000. With the cooperation of the Third Company of Nishan Independent Battalion and the squadron of Lushan District, the villagers and soldiers of Geshan Factory fought bravely and fought bloody battles with the Japanese puppet troops, repelling the enemy's attacks and encirclement four times, killing 86 enemies and taking prisoners 15. On February 5th 1945, Japanese puppet troops raided Geshanchang village in retaliation for the anti-Japanese struggle, resulting in the Geshanchang tragedy. In this tragedy, 96 villagers died, 132 villagers were injured, * * * burned 1200 houses and burned more than 2,000 large livestock. In order to commemorate the heroic deeds of the people of Geshan, a memorial tower for the people of Geshan was built in Geshan village.
Famous historical figures
Surabaya county has a long history and talented people. Many celebrities have emerged since ancient times, and their spirit and demeanor have become the source of strength to inspire the people of the county to make progress.
Fuxi Fuxi is the earliest recorded king in China ancient books. According to the textual research of the late archaeologist Mr. Wang, he was surabaya county Quanlin and Ren. Fuxi is brilliant. According to the changes of everything in the world, he invented the Eight Diagrams, which became the origin of ancient Chinese characters in China and ended the history of "knot". He also tied ropes into nets to catch birds and hunt, taught people how to fish and hunt, invented musical instruments and composed the song "Driving Guide". His activities marked the beginning of civilization in China.
Zhuangzi while Zhuangzi also tube Zhuangzi and Yanzi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Bian Que of Lu was famous for his bravery. He once assassinated two tigers and people in the spring forest of Surabaya.
(542-480 BC), a native of Bianqiao Village, Luquanlin Town, was famous for his political affairs. Zhong You is a strong and upright person with courage, versatility and filial piety. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, Confucius swam eastward to the frontier and was appreciated by Confucius. Confucius lured him with gifts and accepted him as an apprentice. Besides studying the Six Arts, Zhong You traveled around the world with Confucius, driving for Confucius and waiting for him. He dared to criticize Confucius and correct his mistakes, which was highly valued by Confucius. Confucius often praised: "Luz is brave and happy when he hears it." He added, "If my proposal doesn't work, I'll go overseas for logging. The only one who followed me at that time was Zhong You. "
Wang Xiao was a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty and was born in Surabaya, Shandong. Wang Xiao usually observes and studies the habits and characteristics of birds and other animals very carefully. So his works are more lively. For example, The Noisy Birds can vividly show the images of kites flying and birds screaming in panic, which is appreciated by the world.
Wang's word is wide and yin, and the word is just yin, which is called it. In the Qing Dynasty, people from Kaobang Street in Surabaya Chengguan. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (177 1) and the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Lian Xiao was elected as Founder, took the exam and was awarded the Zhuxi County Order of Hubei Province. However, due to illness, he could not take office, and was appointed as a nearby zouping county Oracle, and was later donated as a state tongzhi. Wang is knowledgeable, likes to collect ancient calligraphy stickers, with thousands of volumes, and has written several volumes of Yutang Poetry and Fu, which has made positive contributions to Surabaya culture.
Wang Tingzan (1847- 1927) was born in Yushuyuan Street, Chengguan. Wang has been eager to learn since childhood and loves poetry and fu. 1866 (five years of Tongzhi) was admitted to the examination of Jinshi, 1873 (twelve years of Tongzhi) paid tribute to Guiyouke. 1876 (2nd year of Guangxu). 1892 (18th year of Guangxu), Ren Chenke was a scholar and was released as a magistrate. He served as the magistrate of Pingwu, Changning and Nanbu counties in Sichuan, and was later promoted to Zhili as the alternate magistrate. After taking office in *** 15, he witnessed the corruption of the Qing court, humiliated the country, and made the people miserable. He resigned angrily and returned to his hometown, not dying with the world. Wang, who is over 60 years old, went to great pains to inspect the mountains and rivers in Surabaya, find the source, consult materials in many ways, visit fellow villagers and write a book "Seeing the Spirit". Later, he wrote "The Origin of Surabaya" in 19 12, and won the special prize of Shandong History and Museum Exhibition.
Lian Lizhi (1909- 1986) once used the name Zhuo Ting. Professor of History Department of Shandong Normal University, Vice President of Shandong Historical Society, from Yuliangzhuang, Quanlin Town. 1934 After graduating from Beiping Normal University in July, I worked as a history teacher in Hubei and Sichuan. 1944 when he was teaching in Zitong Teachers College, Hubei Province, he mobilized students to form an anti-Japanese activity group to publicize the anti-Japanese national salvation, and was blacklisted by the authorities. 65438-0947, lecturer, Department of History and Geography, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou. 1948- 1985, professor, dean and director of the academic affairs office of Shandong Normal University. 1963 In February, 1963 was elected as the third member of Shandong Province. Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, criticized during the day and studied China's modern history at night. 1975, suffering from diabetes and coronary heart disease, old and weak. He teaches while treating diseases, and at the same time, he takes time to sort out the historical materials of Shandong religious plans to provide reference for young professors. 1978 was elected as the deputy of the Fifth People's Congress of Shandong Province and the vice president of Shandong Historical Society. 65438-0982 Consultant of Shandong Local Records Compilation Committee. For more than 50 years, he devoted himself to education with patriotic enthusiasm, devoted himself to study and trained a large number of talents for the party and the country. His works mainly include Chronicle of Ban Chao, Lecture on China's History Teaching Method, Shandong Xinhai Revolution, etc.
Historical allusion
1, Confucius stole the spring water without drinking it. Since ancient times, who can be without fault? Even if the sage is wrong. One year there was a great drought, and there was a famine in the border towns, and there was no food. People were so hungry that they peeled the bark and ate it up, but the government asked for money and food as usual. Officials forced the people to rebel. A farmer named Liu led a large group of people to Qinglong Mountain in the north, where he occupied the mountain and rebelled against the king. They are outnumbered, and even the government can't help it. While worrying, Confucius and his disciples came. When Dr. Bian Yi talked about this, Confucius asked, "Why did the people rebel?" The doctor said, "when the years are not good, famine will catch up." . Confucius said, "Why did you collect a lot of money and food?" The doctor said, "I haven't spent enough on these. How can I accept less?" Anyway, it is impossible not to use force! "Confucius said," Is this used to kill people? I'd better tell them to go down the mountain. "
Confucius took only one disciple, Gao Chai, to the foot of Qinglong Mountain. On the mountain, Liu heard that Confucius and his disciples were coming, so he sent someone to invite him to the mountain. Confucius said, "As long as you submit to the imperial court, I will go up the mountain at once. As long as you are a thief, I won't go up the mountain. " How did Liu Can Xia Zi submit it? We talked for a long time, but we still couldn't get along. It was very hot at that time, and both Confucius and Gao Chai were thirsty. Liu asked someone to bring him a bowl of water to drink. Gao Chai was about to drink when Confucius stopped him loudly and said, "You can't drink this spring water!" " "Liu said," master, this is the clear spring on the mountain. Drinking it is only good, not bad. Why not drink it? Confucius said, "Mountain thief, mountain thief! Steal the mountain spring, steal the spring! Gentlemen don't drink water from stolen springs! "This is the origin of the allusion that Confucius didn't drink stolen spring water. Up to now, there is still a valley on Qinglong Mountain, also called Pirate Spring Valley.
2. Zhong Zi, whose surname is Zhong, is a native (there is still a hutong Zhongzi Lane in Bianqiao, surabaya county today). His father is a doctor in Wang Zhuang. As the son of a gatekeeper, Zhong You is outspoken and fearless. He has been practicing kung fu since he was a child. There is a saying in Surabaya that tigers are killed with bare hands and dragons are killed underwater.
One day, Confucius took his children to visit the Spring Forest. Every time, he pumped water from the drilling platform. At this time, the teacher and pupil are thirsty and want to drink water. Zhong You asked, "Who are you?" Confucius said, "Kong Qiu also." Zhongyou smiled and said, "It is not difficult for a saint to drink water. I drank every word of the well water and fell at my master's feet. If you don't know, why don't you help me? " Confucius said, "Of course." Zhong You said: "Empty words have no evidence, high-five is evidence." Master and Zhong You clapped three times in succession, only Zhong You put the pole flat in the middle of the wellhead. He stood up straight and asked, "What's the message?" The host shook his head and pretended not to know. Zhong You smiled at the sky and said, "I don't know Chinese characters, but saints only bear the holy name!" Confucius said, "Not Chinese characters, but Chinese characters." Zhong You asked, "Why is it Nakako?" Confucius pointed to the wellhead and pointed to the extension line and said, "Putting a pole at the wellhead is in the middle, and standing next to it is in the middle." Zhong You listened to the truth, bowed his head and gave up, so he bowed down at the door of Confucius.
Confucius accepted Zhong You as an apprentice. When his disciples saw Zhong Youguan with a chicken feather and a sword, they were rude to the teacher and complained that the teacher had taken fanatics by mistake. Confucius said: "Otherwise, Lutz is rude and arrogant, but his character is quite good. He can be a perfect person and a great tool in the future. "