Common syntax: 1 1. 1 usage of simple present tense.

1) Regular or habitual action, often used with adverbial of time to indicate frequency. Adverbial of time: every …, sometimes, on …, Sunday. For example:

I leave home for school at 7 o'clock every morning. I leave home at seven every morning.

2) objective truth, objective existence and scientific facts. For example:

The earth moves around the sun. The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China. Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) Express aphorisms or aphorisms. For example:

Pride goes before a fall. Pride goes before a fall.

Note: if this usage appears in the object clause, even if the main clause is in the past tense, the predicate of the clause should be in the simple present tense.

Columbus proved that the earth is round. Columbus proved that the earth is round.

4) Current status, ability, character and personality. For example:

I don't want that much. I don't want that much.

Ann writes English well, but she doesn't speak it well. Ann writes English very well, but she can't speak it.

Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now. I am doing my homework.

The first sentence uses the simple present tense to demonstrate or guide the demonstration action and express the instantaneous action of words and deeds. Now in the second sentence is a sign of continuous progress, indicating the objective situation of the ongoing action, so the following sentence uses the simple present tense.

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1 1.2 General past tense usage

The act or state of being at some time in the past. For example, adverbials of time include: yesterday, last week, an hour ago, a few days ago, at 1982, etc. For example:

Where were you just now? Where were you just now?

2) It indicates the frequent or habitual behavior in the past period of time. For example:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. When I was a child, I often played football on the road.

Wherever the Browns went during their visit, they were warmly welcomed.

At that time, the Browns were warmly welcomed wherever they went.

Sentence pattern: It's someone's time. It's time to do something. For example, you should go to bed. You should go to bed.

It's time for someone to. Do sth. "It's getting late" and "It's time", for example, it's time for you to go to bed. You should go to bed.

Prefer someone. Do sth. It means "I'd rather someone did something". I'd rather you came tomorrow. Come tomorrow.

4) desire, curiosity, thinking, hope, etc. Used for exploratory inquiries, requests, suggestions, etc. The action or state expressed in the general past tense has become the past and no longer exists. I thought you might have some. I thought you wanted some.

Christine has been disabled all her life. )

Christine has been disabled all her life.

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. Mrs. Darby no longer lives in Kentucky. )

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

Note: the past tense indicates the present, indicating a euphemistic tone.

The verb want wants, hopes, surprises, thinks, plans, etc. For example:

Do you want anything else? Do you want anything else?

I wonder if you can help me. Can you help me?

2) Modal verbs could, would. For example:

Can you lend me your bike? Your bike, can you borrow some?

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To be used/be used

Habit+doing: "habit" refers to the habitual action or state in the past, but it doesn't exist now. For example:

Mother used to be less forgetful. Mom wasn't so forgetful before.

Scarves used to walk. Scarves used to walk.

Accustomed to+doing: I am accustomed to, or "accustomed to". To is a preposition followed by a noun or gerund. For example:

He is used to vegetarianism.

Scarves are used to walking. Scarves are used to walking now.

Typical example

-Your phone number again? I totally understand.

-It's 69568442.

A.No. B.No. C.No. D. No.

Answer A. Although there is no definite adverbial of time in this sentence, semantically, I didn't understand that this action happened in the past when I was listening, so I used the past tense.

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1 1.4 Simple future tense

1) shall is used in the first person and is often replaced by will. Will is used for everyone in a statement, and the second person is often used when asking for advice. For example:

Which paragraph should I read first? Which paragraph should I read first?

Will you be at home at seven tonight? Go home at seven tonight, okay?

2)be going to+ infinitive, indicating the future.

A.the subject's intention is to do something soon. For example, what are you going to do tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow?

B. plan and arrange what will happen. For example, the play will be staged next month. The play will begin next month.

C. there are signs that something will happen. Look at those dark clouds, there will be a storm. Look at that dark cloud, it's going to rain.

3)be+ infinitive indicates what will happen in the future as planned or formally arranged. For example:

We will discuss the report next Saturday. We will discuss the report next Saturday.

4) Soon+infinitive means to do something at once. For example:

He is going to Beijing soon. He will go to Beijing soon.

Note: what is about to be done cannot be used with adverbials of time such as tomorrow and next week. A that represents a definite future tense.

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1 1.5 be going/will When used in conditional sentences, be going means the future and will means the will. For example:

If you are going to travel, you'd better get ready as soon as possible.

Now, if you are willing to take off your clothes, we will try on new clothes for you in front of the mirror.

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Going and going

Be to means to make an objective arrangement or be instructed to do something, and be to means to make a subjective plan or scheme. For example:

I will play football tomorrow afternoon. I will play football tomorrow afternoon. (objective arrangement)

I am going to play football tomorrow afternoon. I want to play football tomorrow afternoon. (Subjective arrangement)

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1 1.7 Generally, the current schedule will be in the future.

1) The simple present tense of the following verbs, come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin and return, can indicate the future, and are mainly used to indicate things that have been determined or arranged in time. For example:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

What time does the bus leave? It starts in ten minutes. What time does the bus leave? Ten minutes later.

2) Inverted sentences starting with here, there, etc. Indicates that the operation is in progress. For example:

Here comes the bus. = Here comes the bus. Here comes the bus.

The bell is ringing. = The bell is ringing. There was a ring at the bell

3) In time or conditional sentences. For example:

When Bill comes (won't come), please ask him to wait for me. Please ask Bill to wait for me when he comes.

I will write to you as soon as I get there. I will write to you.

4) in the object clauses of verbs such as hope, be careful and ensure. For example:

I hope they will have a good time next week. I hope they will have a good time next week.

Be sure to close the window before you leave the room. Be sure to close the window before you leave the room.

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1 1.8 Use the present continuous tense to indicate the future.

The following verbs come, go, arrive, leave, start, start, return, etc. The future can be expressed in the present continuous tense. For example:

I will leave tomorrow. I will leave tomorrow.

Are you going to stay here until next week? Will you stay here until next week?

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1 1.9 present perfect tense

The present perfect tense is used to indicate the action or state that has happened or been completed before, and the influence of the result still exists now; It can also indicate an action or state that continues to this day. It consists of (has)+ past participle.

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Compare the simple past tense with the present perfect tense.

1) The simple past tense indicates actions that happened at some time in the past or simply describes past events, emphasizing actions; The present perfect tense occurs in the past, emphasizing the influence of the past on the present and the influence.

2) It used to be used with specific adverbials of time, but now it is often used with vague adverbials of time or not.

Adverbials of time in the simple past tense: yesterday, last week, … before, at 1980, in October, just now and so on. , are specific adverbials of time.

Adverbials in the present perfect tense: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/ until now, in the past years, always, etc. , are uncertain adverbials of time.

* * * The same adverbial of time: this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, recently, etc.

3) The present perfect tense can indicate an action or state that continues to the present, and verbs are generally continuous, such as live, teach, learn, work, study, know, etc.

Non-persistent verbs commonly used in the past tense include come, go, leave, start, die, end, become, get married and so on. For example:

I saw this film yesterday.

I have seen this film. (emphasize the influence on the present, the content of the film is already known)

Why do you get up so early? (emphasize that the action of getting up has happened)

Who didn't hand in the paper? (Emphasize that there are papers that have not been handed in and are suspected of unfair competition)

He has been in the League for three years.

He has been in the League for three years.

If there is an adverb of time in the past tense (such as yesterday, last week, at 1960), the past tense should be used instead of the present perfect tense.

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

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11.11is used in the present perfect tense.

1) The first/second ... The clause in that ... structure is in the present perfect tense. For example:

This is my first visit to this city. This is my first visit to this city.

This is the first time I have heard him sing. This is the first time I have heard him sing.

Note: This is the third time that the boy has been late.

2)This is+ adjective superlative +that… structure, that clause should be used in the present perfect tense. For example:

This is the best film I have ever seen. This is the best film I have ever seen.

Typical example

(1)-Do you know our town?

No, this is my first time here.

A.i'm coming.

This is the first time that the clause added after answer B should be the present perfect tense, so B.

Have you been to our town before?

No, this is my first time here.

A. even, come to B. even, it's already here

The answer D. ever means ever or whenever, and the antonym is never, which is often used in the perfect tense.

Note: the negative form of discontinuous verbs can be used with adverbials indicating duration. In other words, the state of no action can continue.

I have received his letter for a month.

I haven't heard from him for almost a month.

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1 1. 12 comparison self-sum is

Self is used to explain the start time of the action, while for is used to explain the duration of the action. For example:

I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born.

Note: Not all sentences that use for as adverbial of time use the present perfect tense.

I have worked here for more than twenty years. I don't work here now. )

I have worked here for many years. I still work here. )

Note: it is easy to exclude the misuse of discontinuous verbs in the completion of for/since structure by sentence transformation.

1) Tom has studied Russia for three years. Tom began to learn Russian three years ago and is still learning it.

Harry has been married for six years. Harry started to get married six years ago and is still getting married.

Obviously, the second sentence is wrong. It should be changed to Harry got married six years ago. Or Harry has been married for six years.