Battle of red cliff
Hero party
Boiling wine on heroes
Drive out the giant good, break the barbarian soldiers, burn the rattan armor, and capture Meng Huo seven times.
Sworn brothers
Borrow an arrow with a grass boat
Cutting meat and scraping bones
Cao Cao stabbed Dong Zhuo to death.
The yellow turban insurrectionary uprising at the end of Han Dynasty caused great chaos in the world. Cao Cao sat in the imperial court, Sun Quan supported Soochow, and Liu Bei, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, listened to Xu Shu (The Three Kingdoms? The governor's club, for the sake of fame and soil) and Si Mahui (when the Three Kingdoms? Yang Zhai, a famous counselor, said that Zhuge Liang was very knowledgeable and talented, so he took gifts with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to Wollongong in Longzhong (now Xiangyang County, Hubei Province) and asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain to help him do things for the country. It happened that Zhuge Liang was out that day, so Liu Bei had to turn back in disappointment. Soon, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei braved the snowstorm and invited them for the second time. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang went out for a walk again. Zhang Fei doesn't want to come again. Seeing that Zhuge Liang was not at home, he urged him to go back. Liu Bei had to leave a letter expressing his admiration for Zhuge Liang and asking him to come out of the mountain to help him save the country's crisis. After a while, Liu Bei was a vegetarian for three days and was ready to invite Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu said that Zhuge Liang may have a hollow reputation, but he may not have real talent and learning, so he doesn't have to go. Zhang Fei, on the other hand, advocated that he should make a phone call alone and tie it up with a rope when he didn't come. Liu Bei scolded Zhang Fei and went to visit Zhuge Liang with them for the third time. At this time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping. Liu Bei dare not disturb him. He stood until Zhuge Liang woke up and sat down to talk to each other.
Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times.
Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province. Zhuge Liang fought in the north, captured Meng Huo seven times and pacified the south.
Chapter 90 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms drives back Dashan, destroys barbarians, burns rattan armour and captures Meng Huo.
Suddenly a man said to Meng Huo, "The Prime Minister is ashamed and doesn't want to see the public. I was ordered to let the public go back and recruit people to win the battle. You can go quickly today. " Meng Huo cried, "There is no such thing as seven captures and seven verticals. Although I am a foreigner, I know a lot of etiquette. Are you so shameless? " So he, his brother and his wife, who lived in the party, knelt under their tents and said, "Prime Minister Tianwei, southerners will never rebel again!" " Zhuge Liang said, "Do you accept it now?" He cried and thanked him and said, "A son, a son and a grandson all feel burdened with the grace of a generation. They are too content to accept it!" " Kong Ming invited Meng Huo to pay the bill and hold a banquet to celebrate, thus making him an eternal cave owner. All confiscated land will be returned. Meng Huozong and all the barbarians were impressed and jumped away happily. Later generations wrote a poem praising Kong Ming, saying, "Feather fan and black silk scarf hold a blue building, and seven tricks are used to make barbarian king. Today, Dong Xichuan Wade, in order to choose a temple on the plateau. "
Huarong ancient road?
In 208 AD, after Cao Cao captured Jingzhou, he led more than 200,000 amphibious troops down the river. It is planned to eliminate Liu Bei and Sun Quan in one fell swoop and realize the grand aspiration of reunifying the whole country. However, he was carried away by victory, arrogant and despised the enemy. As a result, Sun Liu's allied troops set fire to Chibi and fled hastily, defeating Huarong Road.
What is Huarong Road? According to the annotation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, it is "from this way, Huarong can be reached". Huarong mentioned here, of course, refers to Huarong County. Huarong Road is also the route that Cao Jun fled to Huarong County after fleeing to Huarong County in Chibi War. GuHuarong County is near Zhoulaozui, about 60 miles north of Jianli County. If you draw a straight line from the Wulin where Cao Cao sent troops to Nanjun, the destination where Cao Cao fled, Huarong City is in the center of this straight line. In order to escape back to Jiangling, Cao chose Huarong County as the shortest route. Moreover, there was a grain warehouse in Cao Jun near Huarong County at that time, which was convenient for withdrawing troops to replenish grain.
Because of this ancient swamp lake barrier. There is no straight road from Wulin to Huarong City. Jun can only flee to the west along the river, enter Huarong County, and then turn northwest to Huarong County. In this way, it is necessary to wade through a swamp on the edge of osawa. According to county records, when Cao Cao fled to Taiping Bridge, his men got stuck in the mud and had to throw away the whip, dismount and walk. There is still an ancient place name "Caobian Port" here. Twenty miles from Qubian Port to Maojiakou, "the road is narrow, dangerous and bumpy", and Cao Jun is "blocked by mud", which means that soldiers cut reeds and wormwood to fill the road. "If you win, you will be trampled in the mud and many people will die."
Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, passed by the road for six years (1 170). He wrote: "Nature is uninhabited, and the two sides are eagerly looking forward to it, which is called a hundred miles shortage." The boatman said, "Since then, the evil river has been blocked and tigers and wolves have appeared. I don't know what to do, I will be hurt by my husband. " 960 years after Cao Cao's defeat, Huarong Road is still so desolate, and the hardships and embarrassment of Cao Jun at that time can be imagined.
The real development of Huarong Road began in Yuan Dynasty. Today's Huarong Road can't see the desolation of the past at all, with trees on both sides of the road and fertile fields everywhere. When the rice is fragrant, the lotus blooms. In the evening, smoke rises into the air, showing a scene of a plain water town.
Baidicheng in Fengjie-Liu Bei entrusted orphans with eight waters?
The Three Gorges Mushi Art Museum is located in Baidicheng, the first gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, with a long history and beautiful scenery. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, added infinite charm to this place. Wang Chaowen, a famous aesthete and honorary chairman of China Artists Association, wrote the name of the Three Gorges Mushi Art Museum. The Three Gorges Wood and Stone Art Museum shows nearly 100 gloomy three Gorges woodcarving stones that Mr. Wei Jingyu, honorary curator of fengjie county Baidicheng Museum in Chongqing, pursues the beauty of nature and drinks the source of nature. Wandering among them, you may realize the true meaning of nature and life.
Baidigao is a small town of Three Gorges! It's another poem by Du Fu, which tells that the shape of Baidicheng, located on the north side of Kuimen, is better than that of Sichuan and Hubei. Later, there was a famous sentence by a poet in the Qing Dynasty: "Bayu was made in the west, and Jingchu was above Dongyue", which also had a dignified bearing. As a military defense, Baidicheng has a vast territory and a long history. It was the first century A.D. (the end of the Western Han Dynasty). Gongsun Shu, according to Shu, claimed to be "Bai Di" and built a city here. After his death, he left a memorial temple on the top of Bai Di, which is the Bai Di Temple we are visiting now. Two hundred years after Gongsun Shu, another famous historical figure, Liu Bei, the emperor of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, defeated Wu Bing, retreated to Baidicheng and died in Yong 'an Palace. Before he died, he entrusted state affairs (half of the country) and family affairs (only orphans are alive) to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang. This is China's famous "Liu Bei entrust an orphan".
The existing Bai Di Temple is built in the Qing Dynasty, such as Liang Mingtang, Wuhou Temple, Tuogu Hall and Xingsu Pavilion. , promoting historical celebrities related to "trusting orphans" in many ways. More than 70 precious stone carvings from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty will be collected in the East and West Forest of Steles. Mo Bao, the leader of the Party and state and a famous contemporary painter and calligrapher, is displayed in the history of poetry. The cultural relics room, which is based on Daxi culture, shows the richness of unearthed cultural relics in this area in a general historical order. The West Pavilion halfway up the mountain is a place to commemorate Du Fu. Du Fu stayed in Fengjie for less than two years, but left more than 400 beautiful poems, accounting for two-seventh of Du Fu's poems. Looking out of the window, we saw the magnificent scene of "fallen leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river running", and suddenly we felt a high-spirited passion.
Shuiba town
On the north bank of the Yangtze River, about six miles east of fengjie county, Sichuan Province, it is said that Zhuge Liang once built an eight-array map on the dam, commonly known as the "water eight-array map". On the array map, there are eight rows of stone bases, two feet apart, and there are sixty-four bases.
Is Zhuge Liang's empty city plan reasonable?
It is too small to regard the empty city plan as a gamble between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi.
Neither the arrangement in advance nor the changes afterwards have been considered too much. It is difficult to see the whole picture just by burning incense and playing the piano. From Chapter 95 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Ma Su refused to remonstrate and lost the street pavilion, and the marquis of Wu played the piano and retired", we can find out what facts speak louder than words, instead of guessing what is possible or how we should feel.
When Zhuge Liang learned that Jieting and Lieliucheng had fallen, he was preparing for the retreat of the Northern Expeditionary Army. So from the beginning, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao were arranged to lead 3,000 chosen men to Wugong Mountain. Yi Cheung was ready to return in advance, and then ordered Ma Dai and Jiang Wei to prepare an ambush behind the house. Finally, he immigrated to Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding counties, and officials, soldiers and civilians all entered Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang personally led five thousand soldiers and horses to transport grain, and the arrangement of these grain shipments was the beginning of the planned sequence of sending troops.
Regrettably, there are always people who mistakenly think that Zhuge Liang is just going to fight against Sima Yi with an empty city, or that he is forced to fight unprepared. In fact, little is known about Zhuge Liang's prior distribution arrangements. Only when there is an ambush in advance can you dare to show doubt, which is very different from betting on luck without preparation in advance. Always speculating about Sima Yi's "protecting the enemy" or Zhuge Liang's "sweating adventure", it is better to seriously implement the "cause and effect" of the incident and make a more specific basis instead of falling into fantasy chaos.
Zhuge Liang is an expert in luring the enemy into the eyes of Wei Jun officers and men who have been repeatedly burned in Wang Bo and scared to death by water. Moreover, Wei Jun has always been good at luring soldiers. In the early years, Lu Bu was lured by the battle of Puyang, and Wen Chou was lured by the battle of Guandu. Wei Jun already knew what would happen if he was lured by greedy bait-he sacrificed heroically to fight the wounded. Zhuge Liang held high the banner of the Northern Expedition and assembled an army to attack. Whether it is to move the residents of the three counties or to rescue the generals of the Shu army, it will not be a small activity, which is unknown. Even if Sima Yi didn't know the actual situation of Shu soldiers, he could know that Shu soldiers had moved on a large scale. But Sima Yi and other Wei Jun saw the Shu army in front of Xicheng without any big rules and regulations. How can these Shu soldiers disappear? Where are the Shu soldiers who fought for defense? Could it be an ambush for the attack? Does Zhuge Liang want to lure Wei Jun into the city to die a few decoys, and take Zhuge Liang as the supreme commander of the Shu army? Who dares to take it lightly?
No matter how bold Sima Yi is, it is necessary to find out whether Zhuge Liang's generals Guan Xing, Zhang Bao, Ma Dai, Wei Yan, etc. are all gathered in Xicheng to die, or are they hiding aside and waiting for an opportunity? Or judge that all the Shu generals have fled, leaving Zhuge Liang alone. He has no Shu generals in his eyes, unless Sima Yi proudly gambles and admits that he has caught his ministers without an escort corps. If this is not luck, Zhuge Liang will set a trap to lure the soldiers into the urn. Sima Yi didn't believe the sentry's information at first, and after personally exploring the enemy for verification, he took cautious measures. First retreat, then slow down Xu Tu: if there is an ambush, then retreat; If there is no ambush, there will be another war. Shortly after Sima Yi returned to Xicheng, asking local residents about the actual situation of the Shu army, we can know that Sima Yi did make a comeback in military action, instead of scaring Chang 'an all the way, as some people said. "Take a step back first, keep a safe distance, and then think of some way to, rather than scared and fled.
Later, on the path of Wugong Mountain, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao shouted in the valley, and Wei Jun became suspicious. How dare they stop for long? Ye Zhen was greedy and caught halfway. Jiang Wei and Ma Dai, who were assigned by Zhuge Liang in advance, stopped them and had to lead troops to flee. Sima Yi would have ended up in Cao Zhen if she hadn't left early. With Sima Yi's withdrawal, Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to withdraw from Hanzhong. There was a "distribution arrangement" in advance and an "ambush war" afterwards, which led Zhuge Liang to set up an empty city to trap Sima Yi with a leisurely mood.
The official history quoted three things about Guo Chong in Zhu Pei, which was about Zhuge Liang's empty plan.
Pei Songzhi has refuted the occurrence time, geographical location, offensive and defensive situation and etiquette of the empty city plan, so what Guo Chong said is not true. Sima yi is still the governor of Jingzhou (that is, Zhou Yu's generation can't be a post), and in Wancheng, he doesn't have time to go north to the street pavilion to face Zhuge Liang. Time and space are no longer consistent. Guo Chong said that Sima Yi led 200,000 troops, Zhuge Liang only kept 10,000 Shu soldiers, and the rest were handed over to Wei Yan. Sima Yi has an advantage of 20 1, so there is no need to be afraid. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that there are only150,000 soldiers in Wei Jun, 2,500 in Zhuge Liang, and 2,500 in Shu, while 3,000 in Guan Xing and 3,000 in Zhang Bao. There are already 1 1000 here, as well as Zhang Yi, Jiang Wei and Ma Dai. If you count the remnants of Wang Ping, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Shen Dan and Shen Yi in Jieting battlefield, plus Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi's Ji Gu suspected troops, I'm afraid it's a serenade. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang led more than 300,000 soldiers, and the Northern Expeditionary Army of Shu soldiers was able to disturb the personal expedition. The size and strength of the army should not be underestimated.
According to "Han Jin Chun Qiu", Zhuge Liang claimed: "There are many soldiers and thieves in Qishan and Jigu, but they can't break thieves. If a thief breaks it, the disease is not in a serenade, but in a person's ear. That is, there are more Shu soldiers than Wei soldiers, not Wei soldiers than Shu soldiers. If Sima Yi's army is outnumbered, why should he care about just 10,000 Shu soldiers? In fact, Zhuge Liang did not dare to explore the North with only 10,000 people. Even if it's a southern expedition, it's not just ten thousand people. How can the Northern Expedition only use 10,000 people? Sima Yi's goal is not only Zhuge Liang's direct team, but the entire Northern Expedition Army. No matter how many people there are, they are not afraid of traps. In the Battle of Changping in the Warring States Period, although more than 400,000 people died, Zhao was trapped in a siege and starved, and was finally forced to surrender and was killed. The mountainous terrain around Hanzhong is full of dangers such as patios, dungeons, sinkholes and sky gaps, and obstacles such as caves and jungles are most afraid of being trapped and have no room for escape. The mountain forest is not conducive to the galloping of Wei Jun cavalry, and the pass in the valley also contains the danger of "one-man code is invincible". Although there are many grades, it would be careless to ignore the geographical restrictions.
Zhuge Liang has an army and a favorable geographical position. Sima Yi, like Guo Chong said, has 200,000 troops, but it may not have the upper hand. Moreover, Guo Chong's biggest mistake was to ignore the existence of Shu generals. Sima yi can only calculate the position of the northern expedition generals. In the face of Zhuge Liang's army, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Zhao Yun and Wang Ping could not be seen unless Sima Yi was arrogant. Otherwise, Sima Yi should look closely at whether these Shu soldiers are lying in ambush. Zhuge Liang later made good use of luring soldiers to slay Zhang He, Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and others, which further proved Wei Bing's rash end. He ate the consequences of underestimating his enemy and would be killed and destroyed.
Zhuge Liang's empty city plan did not appear in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for the first time after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but in the Notes on the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, the official history, which is more unreasonable than the former. Ironically, the official notes are not credible, while the fictional romance covers everything.
The story of plum wine
Liu Bei worked under Cao Cao for a while, nominally serving as an official in the DPRK and enjoying the title of "uncle", but actually he was only Cao Cao's puppet. On one occasion, Xian Di secretly issued a pocket-sized imperial edict, asking his ministers to crusade against Cao Cao in order to safeguard the imperial power. After receiving the imperial edict, Liu Bei actively prepared to crusade against Cao Cao and pretended to farm at home.
Cao Cao is a oversensitive person. One day, he sent Chu Xu and others to invite Liu Bei. At this time, it is the time when plums turn green. Cao Cao was deeply touched and cooked wine. He and Liu Bei discussed the heroes of the world, and Liu Bei counted the princes. Finally, Cao Cao said, "The only heroes in the world are Shi Jun (Liu Bei) and Cao."
Liu Bei listened to Cao Cao and put down his chopsticks. At this time, it happened that the sky thundered. Liu Bei dropped his chopsticks on the pretext of thunder, saying that he was afraid of thunder. As a result, Cao Cao didn't notice Liu Bei's guilty conscience and thought he was really a coward, so he dismissed his doubts about Liu Bei. Liu Bei successfully escaped from danger. Later, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu thought that Cao Cao was trying to kill Liu Bei, so they broke in and Cao Cao gave him a drink. Finally, they were sent back to the mansion.
Three visits to the cabin:
The yellow turban insurrectionary uprising at the end of Han Dynasty caused great chaos in the world. Cao Cao sat in the imperial court, Sun Quan supported Dongwu, and Liu Bei, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, heard Xu Shu (a famous excavator in the Three Kingdoms period) and Si Mahui (a famous counselor in Yangzhai in the Three Kingdoms period) say that Zhuge Liang was knowledgeable. So he, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei came to Wolong in Longzhong (now Xiangyang County, Hubei Province) with gifts and asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain to help him do things for his country. It happened that Zhuge Liang was out that day, so Liu Bei had to turn back in disappointment. Soon, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei braved the snowstorm and invited them for the second time. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang went out for a walk again. Zhang Fei doesn't want to come again. Seeing that Zhuge Liang was not at home, he urged him to go back. Liu Bei had to leave a letter expressing his admiration for Zhuge Liang and asking him to come out of the mountain to help him save the country's crisis.
After a while, Liu Bei was a vegetarian for three days and was ready to invite Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu said that Zhuge Liang may have a hollow reputation, but he may not have real talent and learning, so he doesn't have to go. Zhang Fei, on the other hand, advocated calling alone and tying the ground with a rope when he didn't come. Liu Bei scolded Zhang Fei and went to visit Zhuge Liang with them for the third time. At this time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping. Liu Bei dare not disturb him. He stood until Zhuge Liang woke up and sat down to talk to each other.
Zhuge Liang saw that Liu Bei was interested in doing things for the country and sincerely asked him for help, so he came out to help Liu Bei establish the Han Shu Dynasty.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms called Liu Bei's three personal invitations to Zhuge Liang "three visits to the cottage".
Boiling wine on heroes:
This is a story told in Chapter 21 of China's famous historical novel & gt. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao held the emperor to make the princes, and his power was great. Although Liu Bei is an uncle, he is weak. In order to prevent Cao Cao from murdering him, he had to grow vegetables in his backyard and water himself, thinking that he was hiding his strength. And Zhang was kept in the dark, saying that Liu Bei did not pay attention to world affairs, but learned from villains. One day, when Liu Bei was watering vegetables, Cao Cao sent someone to invite Liu Bei, so Liu Bei had to go home to see Cao Cao trembling. Cao Cao whispered to Liu Bei, "You did a good job at home!" The speaker is interested, but the listener cares more. This sentence scared Liu Bei to death. Cao Cao said that it was not easy for you to learn to grow vegetables, which made Liu Bei feel a little relieved. Cao Cao said that only when he saw the plums in the branches of the garden were green did he think of a past event (that is, "looking at plums to quench thirst"). When I saw this plum today, I couldn't help admiring it. Just as the wine was boiling, please sit in the pavilion for a while. Liu Bei was very calm after listening. When Cao Cao came to the pavilion, he saw that all kinds of wine vessels had been set and the plums were placed on the plate, so he put the plums in the wine bottle and cooked the wine. The two of them sat opposite each other and drank heartily. Halfway through the drink, suddenly dark clouds are gathering and rain is coming. Cao Cao talked about the character of the dragon and compared it to a contemporary hero. He asked Liu Bei, please tell me who is the contemporary hero? Liu Bei pretended to have no ambition and said several people, all of which were denied by Cao Cao. Cao Cao wanted to inquire about Liu Bei's inner activities to see if he wanted to dominate the world, so he said, "A hero has ambition, a good plan in his belly, and the opportunity to hide the universe can control the ambition of the world." Liu Bei asked, who can be a hero? Cao Cao bluntly said: There are only two heroes in the world today, you and me! Hearing this, Liu Bei was taken aback, and his chopsticks fell to the ground unconsciously. It happened that it suddenly rained heavily and thundered. Liu Bei had a brainwave and calmly bent down to pick up chopsticks, saying that he dropped them because he was afraid of thunder. Cao Cao said safely at this time, are men afraid of thunder? Liu Bei said that even saints are rude to lightning and strong winds. Can I still be afraid After such concealment, Liu Bei made Cao Cao think that he was a mediocre man with no ambition and cowardice, and Cao Cao never doubted Liu Bei again.
Caught and released Cao Cao:
It is said that during the Three Kingdoms period, Dongwu and Cao United against each other. Red Cliff Fire Attacks Cao Cao. Battle of Red Cliffs Cao Jun was defeated, and only 300 people retreated under the guidance of Cao Cao and went to Huarong Road. Cao Cao suddenly laughed and said, "Others say Zhuge Liang is resourceful, but I don't think he is capable. If he ambushes a team here, we will only die today. " As he spoke, he heard a gunshot, and Guan Yu led a group of people to stop the way. Cao Cao was so depressed that he had to ask Guan Yu to let him live. Guan Yu is a very loyal person. He thought he would die if he didn't take care of Cao Cao, so he gave way to Cao Cao.
Take Chengdu as an example:
In 263 AD, Cao Wei's soldiers cut Shu in five ways, and Wargo led 30,000 troops to Gan Song and Tuzhong from the drip road to contain Jiang Wei. Zhuge Xu led 30,000 troops from Qishan to Wu Jie and Qiaotou, cutting off Jiang Wei's retreat. Zhong Hui led 100,000 troops into Hanzhong from Woods Valley, Luogu and Gu Jie. After that, a part of Wei army surrounded Han and Le, and the army captured Yangpingguan. Due to the fall of Hanzhong, Jiang Wei, who rushed back from the stack, had to retreat to Jiange, while Deng Ai took the opportunity to take Chengdu from Yinping Road, 100 miles west of Jiange, and Shu Han died.
Jiang Wei's original intention was to lure the enemy deeper, but he didn't personally lead the main force to defend Yangpingguan. Instead, he avoided disaster in the distant stack and turned out to be a robber. In fact, since Shu Han has the geographical advantage of Cao Cao's "heavenly prison", it should always adopt the strategy of keeping the enemy out of the country. It is absolutely wrong for Jiang Wei to abandon danger.