The Northern Wei Dynasty's war to unify the North was carried out under the condition of the warlord's separatist regime in the period of Five Hu and Sixteen Countries. Although it faces many opponents and the situation is complicated and changeable, it can assess the situation, determine the target of continuous attacks and adopt flexible strategies and tactics to achieve the goal of breaking one by one.
Ten years after the Northern Wei Dynasty entered Korea (395 years after Yan Jianxing), Hou Yan attacked the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the face of the attack of Hou Yan's army, Tuoba GUI adopted the policy of showing weakness, avoiding weakness and attacking with exhaustion. At the same time, pay attention to the disintegration of the other side's morale, bravely pursue, and annihilate 40,000 to 50,000 Yan troops in the decisive battle of Shenbei (now the stall of Daihai in the northeast of Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia). Since then, the balance of power between the two countries has changed, and the forces of the Northern Wei Dynasty have entered the Central Plains.
In 396, Tuoba GUI attacked Houyan with victory and led more than 400,000 troops south. Tuoba GUI led a great army to Mayi, Kejinyang, Bingzhou and Jingxingguan in the east. General Hou Yan received him and appointed him as the ambassador to the east, left. Then, in the torrential rain, we marched straight into the city and camped under Changshan City (now the eastern ancient city in the suburb of Shijiazhuang), ready to attack the city in one fell swoop. At that time, Tai Shouhou Yanchangshan led the troops to defend the city. Tuoba GUI failed to persuade him to surrender, so the soldiers attacked the city on a large scale. He fought in panic, but because he didn't understand the art of war, he didn't command well, and because of the disparity in strength between the two sides, the Yan army suffered heavy casualties, and the Northern Wei army also attacked the city and plundered the land and was captured. Subsequently, Wei Jun even occupied dozens of counties. Only Zhongshan, Ye (now southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province) and Xindu (now Jizhou, Hebei Province) are still controlled by Yan Jun. In November, Wei assembled a large number of troops to attack Zhongshan and Yan Dou. At the same time, Dong Tuo was ordered to lead an army of 50,000 to attack Yecheng, and the top general Wang Jian and the left general Li Li were ordered to attack Xindu, preparing to destroy Yan in one fell swoop.
Murong Long, king of Levin, guarded the south gate of Zhongshan, led the troops to fight and repelled Wei Jun's repeated attacks. Wei Jun suffered heavy casualties. Tuoba GUI took a fancy to this solid mountain city, so he led his army south and quickly captured the new capital with superior forces. After that, the enemy arrived in Yecheng and stormed several times. Wei Junying was attacked by Murong Qing at night, and Tuoba GUI had to temporarily retreat to Yangcheng. At this time, the army was badly supervised, and when he heard that his uncle had no roots to drop Yan, he led his troops back to Weidu to make an insurrection. Tuoba GUI heard that he was going to retreat back to the north to calm the civil strife. But I'm afraid that the Yanjun will pursue hard and be caught between Scylla and Charybdis.
Therefore, the sending country participated in delaying the peace with Hou Yan and was willing to leave his brother as a hostage in Yan. Murong Baowen, the monarch of Yan State, heard that Wei was in trouble and refused. At the same time, he stationed1.2000 infantry and 37000 cavalry in Baisiwu (now north of Gaocheng County) on the north bank of Hutuo River, and invited Tuoba GUI to fight here. Tuoba GUI failed to make peace, but went into battle angrily. A few days later, the soldiers headed north and camped on the south bank of Hutuo River. Murong Bao took advantage of Wei Jun's shaky foothold and sent more than 10,000 soldiers to attack Wei Ying at night in an attempt to pre-empt. After crossing the river, Yan Jun sneaked into Wei Ying, set fire to the camp with the north wind, and launched a storm. Wei Jun camp is on fire, and the soldiers will be in chaos. At this time, Tuoba GUI was sleeping, and when he heard the chaos in the barracks, he hurriedly abandoned the camp and fled barefoot. Yan arrived at Tuoba GUI's tent with more than 100 flying horses, only to find Tuoba GUI's discarded clothes and boots, and there was no one there. After Tuoba GUI escaped from the military camp, he immediately beat gongs and drums to gather the audience.
Under the night, strange really heard the drums, thinking that the recruits hurriedly rang the golden bell to retreat. When Yan Bing heard the sound of gongs and drums, he didn't know why. He thought he had been ambushed by Wei Jun, and immediately panicked, kicking himself and chopping at each other. Tuoba GUI immediately assembled the whole army, ordered the infantry to light torches outside the camp, and the cavalry rushed over and killed Yan Jun. The Yan army was attacked by Wei Jun cavalry on all sides, causing heavy casualties. Gao Chang, the general of Yan State, was captured. Murong Bao had to pack up down archers and cross the river to flee north. Wei Jun high morale, under the guidance of tuoba GUI pursuit. It was a snowy night, Yan Bing waded across the river, and with many disabled people, the bodies of frozen people were resting on each other. Abandoned robes and countless weapons. In order to save his life, Murong Bao abandoned the army and fled back to Zhongshan, leading twenty thousand soldiers. Wei Jun pursued overnight, and the enemy came to Zhongshan at the gates. Hou Yan Shangshulang Murong Hao attempted to murder Murong Bao. Cut off the customs and leave the city for Wei. Murong Bao saw that Zhongshan was in danger, so he led ten thousand cavalry deus ex and fled to Longcheng (now Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province). Zhongshan, the prosperous capital of Houyan, was finally occupied by Wei Jun in 397 10, announcing the demise of Houyan.
Attack the southern dynasties
In the first year of Tianxing (398), Tuoba GUI moved to Pingcheng, the capital, and became the emperor, known as Emperor Daowu in history. After Tuoba GUI defeated Hou Yan and entered the Central Plains, he encouraged agricultural production, and the slave owners and nobles gradually turned into feudal landlords. Tuoba GUI recruited Han landlords to join the ruling group, which accelerated the sinicization process of Tuoba Department in Xianbei.
In the following years, the Northern Wei Dynasty mainly consolidated the internal and vested areas, and sometimes fought with the northern Rouran and Guanzhong and the later Qin Dynasty. For example, in the fifth year of Tianxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty (in 402, the first year of Qin Huanghong), the northern Wei army attacked the city for aid and divided and annihilated. After Chai Bi (now southwest of Xiangfen, Shanxi) was defeated, more than 30,000 people were annihilated.
In the first year of Yongxing (409), Tuoba GUI was killed, and his son Tuoba Si succeeded to the throne, known as Yuan Di in history. In the seventh year of Taichang (in 422, the third year of Song Yongchu), Emperor Wei Mingyuan took the opportunity of illness and death, and with his strong military strength, he launched an all-round war along the Yellow River basin, focusing on capturing military towns such as Tiger Prison (now northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province), Luoyang and Sliding Platform (now east of hua county, Henan Province). Because the Song army in the Southern Dynasties was good at guarding the city and resisted tenaciously, Wei Jun also paid a heavy casualty price.
In the eighth year of Taichang (423), TaBaSi died, and Prince TaBaTao succeeded to the throne, which was called Wei Di Wu Tai in history. At this time, except for Daxia, Beiliang, Xiqin, Beiyan and Rouran, the rest were occupied by the Northern Wei Dynasty. Barto Tao is a very talented person, and he is familiar with the art of war. In all previous wars, he often led his troops to war in person, and he was brave and good at fighting, winning many battles.
Beat Xia Guo.
From the third year of Wei Dynasty (426 in the second year of Xia Chengguang) to the fourth year, Tuoba Tao took advantage of the death of Helian Bobo, the fox's Xia Emperor, and the killing of other scholars, and led the army to attack Wancheng (now Baicheng in the northeast of Jingbian, Shaanxi) for the second time. Xia Jun was lured into battle by pretending to be weak, and then he was exhausted. Then, after the hidden army came out of the array of Xia Jun, it struck with the wind, defeated Xia Jun, unified Wancheng, captured tens of thousands of generals, officials, generals, schools, empresses and imperial secretaries, won more than 300,000 war horses and tens of millions of cattle and sheep.
Hu Xia was captured by the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Helian Chang was captured, and his brother He fled to Pingliang (Huating, Gansu) to succeed him. In 43 1 year, the Western Qin continued to expand westward under the attack of the Northern Wei Corps, and was intercepted by the Tugu Hunhan of Xianbei in Qinghai Lake. He Li Anding was captured by Xianbei and presented to the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Big break soft
In August of the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (424), Rouran Khan Tan (that is, Mouhan Ge Sheng Gai Khan) heard of the death of Tuoba Si, the Yuan Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and rode 60,000 troops into the cloud of the Northern Wei Dynasty (now northwest of Linger), killing officials and people, capturing the ancient capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty and surrounding the ruins of Yunzhong City Site. When TaBaTao was a prince, at the age of twelve, he went to Hetao to defend the Great Wall against Rouran's invasion and made the frontier military colorful. He was also quite familiar with Rouran's tactics, so he parted the crowd and personally led twenty thousand cavalry to the cloud for rescue. However, relying on a large number of people, Tuoba Tao, Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and his men who came to the rescue were surrounded by more than 50 people. At first, the soldiers in the Northern Wei Dynasty were very afraid. However, the young emperor Tuoba Tao, who was less than 16 years old, was "fighting against the enemy with foot soldiers, and the left and right casualties followed one after another, while the emperor appeared calm." Therefore, the officers and men of the Northern Wei Dynasty "do things with people's thinking and walk well all the way". First, the attack launched by two moderate generals, Dana and Sharon, was repelled by the Northern Wei army. Later, General Rouran was shot by the northern Wei army in Yujin, and TaBaTao took advantage of the situation to lead the army into depth. The Northern Wei Dynasty struggled to assault the supple army, and the supple army immediately fell into chaos and fled in defeat.
In October of the following year, the Northern Wei Dynasty made a large-scale conquest of Rouran, divided the troops into five roads, besieged the city in the desert, and fled north in haste.
In order to get rid of the threat of Rouran in the north, the attack of the Southern Song Dynasty and the shame of being trapped in the snow cloud, Wei Emperor decided to concentrate on attacking Rouran after defeating Xia Lian and ruling its capital (now Baicheng in the northeast of Jingbian, Shaanxi). In April of the second year of God Luca, he consulted with his ministers to attack Rouran, and all the ministers and Empress Bao were worried about the attack and tried their best to discourage it. Tai Changqing Ho Choi thinks: Your Majesty Wen Song can conquer all things, and his heart is full of fear, so he dare not move; However, I was far away and said that I couldn't control it. The defense was lax for a long time. So in summer, I graze alone, and in autumn, I gather people to graze in the south. Now I can use its grazing to catch it off guard, but I can destroy it in one fell swoop.
Wei Emperor appreciated his views very much, so he decided to let Qiu Sun Song and Qiu Fu Lian guard Kyoto. Stuart was ordered to lead the Han army from the west road to Da 'ashan, and then led the army from Susu to Montenegro (now North Hanshan, Bahrain Right Banner, Inner Mongolia), across the desert, and joined forces with Rou Khan Hall (now Harbin, Mongolia and Northwest Lin).
In May, 429, Tuoba Tao seized the opportunity of grazing in Rouran summer, and led his troops with Di Wei to Monan (now south of the desert on the Mongolian Plateau), abandoned the trench, and attacked Lishui (now Wengjinhe) with Qingqi and war horses. Soft and unprepared, fighting is terrible, and people and animals are scattered in fear; Sandalwood is busy burning the vault, and the west is extinct. Lippi first heard of Wei Jun's arrival in the East and led his troops to save his brother. On the way, he was intercepted and defeated by Sun Changhan's cavalry, and hundreds of people were killed. Break through the soft, intimidate the high car, and create favorable conditions for stabilizing the north. Since then, Rouran's power has been greatly reduced, and fewer people have taken the initiative to attack Wei.
Conquer Beiyan
In May, 432, Tuoba Tao felt that his troops had finished their rest, and he mobilized his troops in the southern suburb of Pingcheng (now northeast of Datong, Shanxi) to prepare for attacking Beiyan. In June of the same year, Tuoba Tao led an army to crusade against Beiyan. In July, after Wei Jun arrived in Suishui (now Luanhe River in the northeast of Hebei Province), the rear supply was in crisis. Barto immediately dispatched General Anton in the Western Jin Dynasty, recruited personnel from Youzhou, Miyun and other places, and more than 10,000 Dingling people, who served as civilian workers in Wei Jun and delivered siege equipment to Wei Jun, thus solving the urgent need.
Wei Jun's main force continued eastward, and Tuoba Tao and the Western Jin Dynasty joined forces in Beiyan Capital and Longwai. Wei Jun's two roads met with little resistance on the way. Along the way, the defenders and officials of Beiyan surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Wei Jun surrounded the dragon without much effort. Bartotao recruited more than 30,000 people outside the city of Dragon to dig a moat for him in an attempt to trap the defenders of Dragon.
In August of that year, Emperor Hongfeng of Beiyan refused to surrender, so he sent 30,000 people out of the city to challenge Wei Jun. As a result, these 30,000 people were given to the Northern Wei Dynasty as snacks, just like beating dogs and taking buns. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tabaqiu in Changli and Tabaqi in Hejian led troops to encircle the Northern Yan Army, with nearly 10,000 casualties. After this defeat, the officials and generals of Beiyan were honest, and only Shangshu Gaoshao was still leading the resistance and was soon killed. Seeing that the form was wrong, Hongfeng invited Koguryo troops to protect him and led the people of Longcheng to cross the Liaohe River to Koguryo. Soon, Hongfeng was killed by Goguryeo because of his arrogance, and Beiyan perished.
Surrender to Beiliang
In the fifth year of Taiyan (439, the seventh year of Beiliang Yonghe), the Emperor of the Northern Wei sent envoys to Beiliang, and learned that Muqin, the owner of Beiliang, liked to spread the false story of being gentle and Khan: Wei Emperor defeated me last year and could not recover. Knowing that he said Francisco had two hearts, after discussion, he decided to take the advice of the mastermind Cui Hao and take advantage of this weakness to attack the cold unexpectedly. In June, Emperor Wei led the troops from Pingcheng (now northeast of Datong City, Shanxi Province), made Shi Zhong and Yidu Wang Mushou assist Prince Tuoba Huang in supervising the country, and made the general, Changle Wang, his wife and general Tuoba Chong lead the troops of 20,000, and the desert went south to defend against softness. At the same time, it was the best policy to order officials to condemn the priest Qumuyu in Beiliang, list the crimes of 12, and persuade him to lead his ministers to meet Wei Jun. So he crossed the Yellow River from the clouds and arrived in Shang Jun, the capital of China, in July, leaving behind the trench and deploying various armies: Yongchang generals Jun Fu, Tuobajian, Shang Shuling, Liu Ji and Changshan king Tuobasu as pioneers, going hand in hand; A title of generals in ancient times, Leping Wang Tuoba Pi, Taizai and Yangping Wang Duchao as successors; Take the Japanese Yuanhe General as a mirror.
Yuanhe, the son of Bald Tan, the owner of Southern Liang Dynasty, was originally occupied by ancient Tibetan and later by Northern Liang Dynasty. Yuanhe said to Di Wei: There are four Xianbei sects near Guzangcheng, all ministers of their ancestors, and they are willing to persuade them to join. Lord Wei called goodness. In August, TaBaJian obtained more than 200,000 livestock products in Hexi Corridor and Shui Bo Valley. Beiliang refused to go out to meet him. On the one hand, he sent messengers to Rouran for help, on the other hand, he sent his brothers to recruit Donglai, the south general, and led more than 10 thousand troops to fight in the south of the ancient Tibetan city. Beiliang soldiers ran into the wind and collapsed. Wei Emperor sent messengers to tell the Northern Liang Lord to surrender, and the Ququ Muyu got the news that he was going to attack the frontier fortress of Wei State, speculating that Wei Emperor might return to Li, so he sealed the city and stuck to it. His younger brother rushed out to meet him in Juqu. Knowing the situation in the city, Wei divided his forces and besieged him. Because Yuanhe led the troops to recruit more than 30,000 people near the city, Di Wei had to specialize in ancient collections. In September, the nephew of the master of Beiliang, Juqu, fell to Wei at an annual rate. The ancient Tibetan city collapsed, and Beiliang led 5,000 men and women to surrender. Beiliang calendar died in 39 years. Then, Wei Jun conquered Zhangye, Ledu, Jiuquan and other places, all guarded.
North-South confrontation
Tuoba Tao, 16 years old, acceded to the throne. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he defeated many with few, resisting the invasion of the soft madness in the north. Later, Tuoba Tao took the initiative to counterattack Rouran and sent troops to Rouran 13 times to conquer Mobei area and make Rouran submit. In 427 AD, Tuoba Tao attacked the indestructible Fox Summer City with 30,000 cavalry. In 43 1 year, foxxia, Pingshan Hu and Tuguhun were destroyed in the west, Beiyan in 436 and Beiliang in 439, which unified the northern separatist regime.
At this point, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, which was another unification after the former Qin Dynasty and Fu Jian. As a result, it stood side by side with the Liu Song regime in the south, forming a pattern of confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties.