After Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, he began the second stage of reform. The focus of the reform is to change the original living customs of the Xianbei people who moved in and promote the Xianbei people to actively accept Chinese culture. The main contents are as follows:
First, Yi Xianbei's clothing is Hanfu —— In 4951February, when Emperor Xiaowen met the minister in Xianjitang, "the class gave him a crown costume", which was the concrete implementation of Yi Xianbei's official costume as Hanfu.
Second, it is stipulated that the imperial court should use Chinese, and Xianbei language is forbidden-Xianbei language is called "Northern Language" and Chinese is called "Sound". Emperor Xiaowen said, "If you want to break the northern dialects today, you must listen to the correct pronunciation." Xianbei officials over the age of 30 should gradually speak Chinese in court. Xianbei officials under the age of 30 should immediately speak Chinese in court. Anyone who deliberately speaks Xianbei language will be demoted and dismissed from office.
Third, Xianbei people who moved to Luoyang took Luoyang as their native place and were not allowed to be buried in Pingcheng after their death.
Fourth, change the surname of Han and determine the family level-change the original surname of Xianbei nobles to Han. The changed Han surname shall be based on the surname with similar pronunciation to the original Xianbei surname. Tuoba family, headed by yuanshi county County, is the highest family. Qiu Muling's surname is Mu, Bu Liugu's surname is Lu, He Lai's surname is He, Du Gu's surname is Liu, He Lou's surname is Lou, Yu Yu's surname is Yu, Ji Ji's surname is Wei. Big noble's social status is the same as that of Cui, Lu and Wei, the highest families of Han nationality in the north. The surnames of other lower-class aristocrats were also changed to Han surnames, which were equivalent to ordinary gentry of Han nationality. Emperor Xiaowen also managed to make the royal family and Xianbei nobles intermarry with the main gentry of the Han nationality, which was an honor.
Fifth, change Xianbei's official system, laws, etiquette and laws into Chinese system and get rid of Xianbei's old system. Emperor Xiaowen abolished the original political system of Xianbei people, and asked Wang Su to imitate the Southern Dynasties, re-establish a set of official etiquette, revise laws and reform official titles.
Through the reform of Emperor Xiaowen, the economy and culture of Xianbei nationality have developed rapidly. Compared with other ethnic groups who entered the Central Plains at the same time, such as Jie and Di, Xianbei undoubtedly has the highest degree of sinicization. To some extent, the reform eased class contradictions and consolidated the Northern Wei regime.
The measures taken by Emperor Xiaowen to promote ethnic integration made the northern ethnic minorities gradually converge with the Han nationality in terms of language, clothing, customs and habits, enriched and developed the culture of the Central Plains, and gradually integrated the diet, clothing, art and daily utensils of ethnic minorities into the lives of the Han people. Emperor Xiaowen also promulgated the "Land Equalization Order" and implemented land rent modulation, which promoted the recovery and development of the northern economy and made the lifestyle of ethnic minorities feudal.