Location of Huangyan Island

This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data.

Huangyan Island [1] has been the inherent territory of China since ancient times. China first discovered and named Huangyan Island, and incorporated it into China's territory for sovereign jurisdiction. Huangyan Island is the only island in the zhongsha islands of the South China Sea in Hainan Province, China. About 126 nautical mile east of subic bay. Surrounded by an annular reef plate between half a meter and three meters from the water surface. The shape of the reef disk is an isosceles right triangle. At the southeast end of Yuehu Lake, there is a 400-meter-wide passage connected with the open sea. Medium-sized fishing boats and small boats can enter through this passage to engage in fishing activities or shelter from the wind. Huangyan Island is located at east longitude 120 degrees (east longitude 1 17 5 1'), south of 20 degrees north latitude, and north latitude 10 degrees (north latitude 15 07'), just sandwiched between two parallel lines. It is 600 nautical miles from Guangzhou in the north and about 126 nautical miles from subic bay in the east. Huangyan Island is surrounded by an annular reef plate between half a meter and three meters from the water surface. The shape of the reef plate is an isosceles right triangle, and a lake with an area of 130 square kilometers and a water depth of 10-20 meters is formed inside.

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Topography and geomorphology

Map of South China Sea Huangyan Island Location Map

Huangyan Island is surrounded by an annular reef disk 0.5 to 3 meters above the water surface, with a circumference of 55 kilometers and an area of 150 square kilometers. The shape of the reef plate is equivalent to Manila Trench.

The waist is a right triangle, forming a lagoon with an area of 130 square kilometers and a water depth of 10~20 meters. Huangyan Island was developed in a basin with a depth of 3,500 meters, and it is a part of a huge submarine peak on the deep-sea plain. At the southeast end of Huangyan Island lagoon, there is a 400-meter-wide passage connected with the open sea. The channel is 9~ 1 1 m deep and 360~400 m wide. Medium-sized fishing boats and small boats can enter through this channel to engage in fishing activities or shelter from the wind. From the air, Huangyan Island looks like a huge but nonstandard "C" shape. An oval reef plate and coral reefs form a huge chain, about 55 kilometers long, including a lagoon of 150 square kilometers. The chain gap is in the southeast corner. This chain is made up of coral reefs separated by hundreds of meters or kilometers. These reefs vary in size, with a height of 0 .5 to 3 meters above the sea surface and a surface area of 1 to 4 square meters. The reef blocks at the north and south ends are the densest, with the northern end called Beiyan and the southern end called Nanyan. At low tide, standing at the mouth of the lake, you can see at most hundreds of reefs exposed to the water. Mostly khaki, occasionally black-perhaps this is the origin of the name "Huangyan Island". There are sporadic reefs around the atoll, and the surface size of the reef is generally 1-4 square meters. The reef blocks at the north and south ends are the densest, with the northern end called Beiyan and the southern end called Nanyan. Nanyan is one of the huge reefs exposed from the sea on the reef plate, which looks like a large stone pillar, with an upper area of about 3 square meters and an altitude of 1.8 meters. Standing on the island and looking around, the reef plate is only one or two meters deep in many places and seems to be a shoal. But from the sea, Huangyan Island is a steep mountain. As long as it is ten kilometers away from the reef, it is 3000 meters deep. Every April, May,1October, 1 1 month, the calm sea water is clear, light blue and transparent, and the colored corals at the bottom of the water can be clearly seen under the bright sunshine. An invisible annular underwater barrier is formed around the protruding reef plate, and the seawater impacts upward and churns, forming a white wave line that stretches for ten kilometers, which is very beautiful. However, during the typhoon season from June to September, it is hard to say what will happen here.

geologic structure

Geologically speaking, Huangyan Island is a natural extension of China's continental shelf. There is a deep Manila trench east of Huangyan Island, with the deepest water depth of 5377 meters, which is one of the deepest areas in the South China Sea. Manila Trench is the natural geographical dividing line between China, zhongsha islands and Philippine Islands.

How big is Huangyan Island at high tide?

There are sporadic reefs around the atoll, and the surface size of the reef is generally 1-4 square meters. The reef blocks at the north and south ends are the densest, with the northern end called Beiyan and the southern end called Nanyan. Nanyan is one of the huge reefs exposed from the sea on the reef plate, which looks like a large stone pillar, with an upper area of about 3 square meters and an altitude of 1.8 meters. Standing on the island and looking around, the reef plate is only one or two meters deep in many places and seems to be a shoal. However, from the sea, the map of the South China Sea shows that Huangyan Island is a steep mountain. As long as it is ten kilometers away from the reef, it is 3000 meters deep. Every April, May,1October, 1 1 month, the calm sea water is clear, light blue and transparent, and the colored corals at the bottom of the water can be clearly seen under the bright sunshine. An invisible annular underwater barrier is formed around the protruding reef plate, and the seawater impacts upward and churns, forming a white wave line that stretches for ten kilometers, which is very beautiful. However, during the typhoon season from June to September, it is hard to say what will happen here. Geologically speaking, Huangyan Island is a natural extension of China's continental shelf. There is a deep Manila trench east of Huangyan Island, with the deepest water depth of 5377 meters, which is one of the deepest areas in the South China Sea. Manila Trench is the natural geographical dividing line between China, zhongsha islands and Philippine Islands. Huangyan Island is not a point, but an area of more than ten kilometers in Fiona Fang. Most of them are reefs, and only a few dozen island stones can surface at high tide, the big ones are about ten square meters, and the small ones are like inverted washbasins. Different from the dense Nansha Island reef in Xisha, Huangyan Island is the only reef exposed to the water in the surrounding waters of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, and its strategic position is very important. Moreover, this reef plate has a huge area, reaching 150 square kilometers, which is more than any single reef plate in Nansha and three times the area of mischief reef in Nansha. It can be said that Huangyan Island in Zhongsha is a "few but fine" island reef. The entire shallow water area of Huangyan Island (with a water depth of about 1 m) is vast, which is very convenient for development and construction. The entrance to the reef is wide, and large ships can enter and leave after dredging and deep excavation. Due to the barrier of the intact atoll, the wind and waves outside the reef plate cannot enter the lagoon, which has always been a good shelter for fishing boats.

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Geographical location of Huangyan Island

Huangyan Island is located at east longitude 1 17 degrees 5 1 minute and north latitude 15 degrees 07 minutes, while the positions measured by hand-held GPS at three operating points are east longitude 1 17 degrees 47 minutes 56 seconds and north latitude/kloc-0 respectively. The reason for all kinds of data is that Huangyan Island is not a point, but an area of more than ten kilometers in Fiona Fang. Most of them are reefs, and only a few dozen island stones can surface at high tide, the big ones are about ten square meters, and the small ones are like inverted washbasins. According to the United Nations Convention on International Maritime Affairs, dry land is an island regardless of the ebb and flow, otherwise it is a reef. China people call it Huangyan Island since ancient times, Americans call it Scarborough Shoal, and others in the West call it scarborough Reef, which is translated into Carballo Reef, and China renamed it Democracy Reef in the 1940s. Generally speaking, whether to call it an island or a reef is a matter of opinion.

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The geographical location of Huangyan Island is very special. For China fishermen who fish in the South China Sea from April to May and10-10 every year, Huangyan Island is an important fishing ground in deep sea fishing and a natural shelter from tropical storms. However, the domestic call for the establishment of a permanent fishery base in Huangyan Island actually ignores an important economic background: the specific level of fishery resources in Huangyan Island fishing area is not clear. The reason for this blind spot is precisely because the surrounding waters, including Huangyan Island, are very close to the Philippine mainland. For a long time, the deliberately laissez-faire fishery policy in the Philippines has led a large number of Filipino fishermen to sneak into the waters of Huangyan Island, and the exact catch is difficult to count. It should also be emphasized that Huangyan Island is not located in the disputed area between China and the Philippines, which has been proved to be rich in oil and gas resources. The illegally occupied Ritual Beach and Northwest Palawan Basin (located on the traditional maritime boundary of China) are far more important than Huangyan Island in economic sense. The northwest basin of Palawan has become the largest oil and gas field in the Philippines, and the Philippines is also very active in oil and gas exploration in the waters of Liletan. If other disputed waters are included, the countries concerned have drilled more than 1000 wells within the traditional border of China, producing more than 50 million tons of oil and gas every year. Huangyan Island is of great significance to the future planning of deep-sea fisheries in China. At present, fishing in the South China Sea is concentrated in three major fishing grounds, namely Beibu Gulf Continental Shelf Fishing Ground, Continental Shelf Fishing Ground and Xisha Fishing Ground. Among them, the development potential of the first two fishing grounds decreased obviously, and the structure of fishery resources deteriorated. At present, the scale of fishing operations has been controlled. Xisha fishing ground has rich development potential, but some of it is located in the disputed waters between China and the Philippines. Fishermen in Huangyan Island are facing the same dilemma. This means that China fishery has entered a critical period of transformation. If we don't further develop the traditional coastline of the South China Sea and develop offshore fishing, the fishery in China will shrink. Therefore, behind the confrontation of Huangyan Island is actually related to the overall trend of fishery capital in China. At present, the dispute between the Philippines and China over Huangyan Island, which has relatively weak economic value, has both factors of underestimating China's determination in advance and considerations of disputes with China on minor issues, thus blurring the focus of the dispute between the two sides. [2]

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be rich in

The confrontation between China and the Philippines on Huangyan Island made Tanmen Town, qionghai city, Hainan become the focus of attention. Tanmen Town, located in the eastern coast of Hainan Island, is one of the closest ports from Hainan Island to Nansha Islands. It is also the logistics and feeding base of Xisha, Nansha, Zhongsha and dongsha islands fishing grounds, and the distribution and sales base of deep-sea fish. More than 90% of China fishermen and fishing boats operating in Xisha and Nansha are from Tanmen Town, and the rest are fishermen from Sanya and Guangdong. "There are 32,000 people in our town, and 5,000 to 6,000 people go fishing in the sea." These five or six thousand people are the envy of other places in Hainan Island. They are hardworking and brave. They have driven hundreds of tons of fishing boats for generations and traveled all over the vast South China Sea. They are a group of people who know this mysterious sea best. The staff of Tanmen Fishery Association said that there are nearly 150 boats in the local area, 60% to 70% of which have been to Huangyan Island, and 20 of them often go there. "According to records, Chinese fishermen have been fishing there since the Ming Dynasty." Tanmen fishermen broke into the South China Sea to catch precious fish, shrimp and shellfish, such as humpback wrasse, grouper, lobster and sea cucumber, which can only be found on coral reefs in the South China Sea. There are many groupers, humpback wrasse and rich shellfish in Huangyan Island. "No one knows the South China Sea better than these fishermen."

Fishing in Huangyan Island is a tradition in Hainan.

Starting from Tanmen Town, adjust the course to the southeast 1 10 degrees, and arrive at Huangyan Island after 3 days and 3 nights. This is the route that Wei Xu, the captain of the fishing boat Qiong Qionghai 08068, is familiar with. He is from Tanmen Town. /kloc-started fishing at the age of 0/6. Every February-June and September-12, he will go to Huangyan Island, which has been one of the traditional fishing spots in the area for many years. 90% of the fishermen who go to Huangyan Island are Tanmen. Speaking of Huangyan Island, Wei Xu stood up and said proudly, "Of course it is ours." Because there is no shelter around Huangyan Island, fishing boats weighing more than 100 tons are afraid to go fishing in the typhoon season every year. Fish have a breathing period of several months, grow big and well, and have a large number. As soon as the typhoon season is over, fishing boats will set out for it immediately. It usually takes 1 month to 45 days to leave Nansha, and 1 month to return to full cabin. After the typhoon season, when you go to Huangyan Island, you can return to China with a full load in ten days, earning a lot of money. A big fish weighing dozens of pounds can sell for one or two thousand yuan. After coming back to rest for a few days, the fishing boat set off again.

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Water Outflow Map of Huangyan Island Reef Block

Different from the dense Nansha Island reef in Xisha, Huangyan Island is the only reef exposed to the water in the surrounding waters of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, and its strategic position is very important. Moreover, this reef plate has a huge area, reaching 150 square kilometers, which is more than any single reef plate in Nansha and three times the area of mischief reef in Nansha. It can be said that Huangyan Island in Zhongsha is a "few but fine" island reef. The entire shallow water area of Huangyan Island (with a water depth of about 1 m) is vast, which is very convenient for development and construction. The entrance to the reef is wide, and large ships can enter and leave after dredging and deep excavation. Due to the barrier of the intact atoll, the wind and waves outside the reef plate cannot enter the lagoon, which has always been a good shelter for fishing boats. The geographical position of Huangyan Island is self-evident for the integrity of the sacred territory of China and the economic development of the South China Sea. The strategic location of Huangyan Island is also crucial to the Philippines. It is only over 300 kilometers away from Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It used to be a weapon testing ground for the US Navy stationed in the Philippines. If Xisha guards the west gate of the South China Sea and watches Vietnam, then Huangyan Island guards the east gate of the South China Sea and watches the Philippines.

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Huangyan Island

Huangyan Island, a part of zhongsha islands in China, is located to the west of east longitude 1 18, facing the Philippines across the sea. It is a traditional fishing ground for fishermen in the southeast coast of China. According to article 12 1 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Huangyan Island is a naturally formed land area exposed at high tide, not a sandbar or reef hidden at the bottom all the year round. Geologically speaking, Huangyan Island is a natural extension of China's continental shelf, not a free island. China has sufficient legal basis for the territorial sovereignty of Huangyan Island. 1. China first discovered and named Huangyan Island, and incorporated it into Chinese territory to exercise sovereign jurisdiction. Drawing method of "territorial sea baseline"

According to historical records, in 1279, Guo Shoujing, a famous astronomer in Yuan Dynasty, was ordered to conduct the "Four Seas Experiment", and the measuring point in the South China Sea was Huangyan Island. This shows that China discovered Huangyan Island at least in the Yuan Dynasty. 1935 65438+ 10, Huangyan Island was named scarborough Reef among the 132 reefs in the South China Sea, and was incorporated into the territory of China by the Land and Water Review Committee of the China Government, which was composed of officials from the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Navy and the Ministry of Education, as a part of zhongsha islands. 1947 10 In the Comparison Table of Old and New Names of South China Sea Islands approved and published by the Government of the Republic of China, scarborough Reef was changed to Democratic Reef and listed in zhongsha islands. 1983, when China Geographical Names Committee authorized the publication of Some Geographical Names of South China Sea Islands, Huangyan Island was used as the standard name and Democratic Reef as the sub-name. The official maps published by successive governments in China have marked Huangyan Island as the territory of China. Huangyan Island has been under the jurisdiction of China, Guangdong and Hainan provinces. China government's announcements and statements on the sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands all point out that the territorial sovereignty of Huangyan Island belongs to China. China has been developing and utilizing Huangyan Island for a long time. Huangyan Island is a traditional fishing ground for fishermen in China. Since ancient times, China fishing boats have often visited Huangyan Island for fishery production. The National Bureau of Statistics of China, the State Seismological Bureau and the State Oceanic Administration have made many scientific investigations on Huangyan Island and its adjacent waters. Geographical Delimitation There is a naturally formed and extremely deep Manila Strait between Huangyan Island and Philippine Island, which is the natural dividing line between the territorial waters of the Philippines and China. Manila can be clearly seen from Google Maps. Four. Some Comments on the Philippine Sound Cable Huangyan Island The composition and scope of the Philippine territory are determined by a series of international treaties, none of which involve Huangyan Island, and none of which incorporates Huangyan Island into the Philippine territory. 1898 Paris-America Treaty, 1900 Washington-America Treaty and 1930 Anglo-American Treaty clearly stipulate that the western boundary of Philippine territory is 1 18 degrees east longitude, and Huangyan Island is not within this range. 1935 Philippine Constitution, 1947 Treaty on General Relations between the United States and the Philippines, 1952 Treaty on Military Alliance between the Philippines and the United States, 196 17 Philippine Decree No.3046 on the Territorial Sea Baseline and/kloc- The maps published by the Philippines in 198 1 and 1984 also mark Huangyan Island outside the Philippine territorial boundary. The above facts fully prove that Huangyan Island is outside the territory of the Philippines and is not Philippine territory at all. Before 1997, the Philippines had never raised any objection to the China government's exercise of sovereign jurisdiction and development and utilization of Huangyan Island, and repeatedly stated that Huangyan Island was outside the territory of the Philippines. Biancini, the Philippine ambassador to Germany, clearly stated in his letter to Dieter, a German radio enthusiast, on February 5, 1990, "According to the Philippine National Map and Resources Information Department, Huangyan Island is not within the territorial sovereignty of the Philippines". In the documents issued by the Philippine National Map and Resources Information Department in June 5438+0994 and June 5438+08, and the Philippine Amateur Radio Association in June 1994 and June 18, it was confirmed that "the territorial boundary and sovereignty of the Philippines were determined by June 1898. It is the basic principle of international law of the sea that land rules the ocean. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea allows coastal countries to establish an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles, but coastal countries have no right to damage the inherent territorial sovereignty of other countries. The idea and practice of using the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to change the ownership of territorial sovereignty runs counter to the purposes and principles of international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

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Before the 1990s, the international community never raised any objection to China's sovereignty over Huangyan Island [3], and there was no dispute over the sovereignty of the island. Since 1992, Gollers, the former national security adviser of the Philippines, claimed that Huangyan Island was Philippine territory and provoked disputes. Philippine scholar: Huangyan Island really belongs to China.

[4] Since 1993, the Philippines has been investigating, inspecting and patrolling the island. 1997, the Philippine navy destroyed the symbol of China's sovereignty; When a Japanese ship carrying radio enthusiasts from China, the United States and China visited the island, the Philippines called China "trying to occupy Huangyan Island" on diplomatic occasions and formulated operational principles to safeguard its "sovereignty". 1998, the Philippines established specialized agencies including naval forces, aviation detachments and intelligence forces. During the period of 1999, Philippine warships repeatedly drove and sank China fishing boats. And deliberately stranded the eliminated warship "BRP· Benkai" on Huangyan Island (165438+1October 3). China asked the Philippines to tow it away. As the premise of Premier Zhu Rongji's official visit to the Philippines, the "from Benkai" was towed away from Huangyan Island on February 5, 65438. In 2004, the Philippines placed it on Zhongye Island in Nansha. China's conventional missile submarines patrol the South China Sea.

According to the Paris Agreement of 1898, the Washington Agreement of 1900 and the Anglo-American Treaty of 1930, the line of east longitude 1 18 is the western boundary of Philippine territory, and Huangyan Island is outside it. The Philippine government reaffirmed this line in the Philippine Constitution promulgated by 1935 and the Philippine territorial sea baseline law promulgated by 196 1. The maps published by the Philippines before 1990 did not include Huangyan Island in its territory, and the international community (including the Philippines) never raised any objection to China's sovereignty over Huangyan Island. But at that time, Huangyan Island was under the control of the United States. On March 10, 2009, Philippine President Arroyo formally signed the Territorial Sea Baseline Law, which incorporated some islands and reefs of Nansha and Huangyan Island in China into Philippine territory despite China's opposition. According to Philippine media reports, Ermita, the Civil Service Director of the Philippine Presidential Office, announced on March 1 1 2009 that Arroyo had signed Republic Act No.9522, the Philippine Territorial Baseline Law, the day before, despite China's protest and insistence on its sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. He told the media that the "Territorial Sea Baseline Law" did not specifically declare that the Prattley Islands (Nansha Islands) and Scarborough Shoal (Huangyan Island) belonged to the Philippines, because the sovereignty of the Philippines over these two islands "has been embodied in the existing laws" and "does not need to be embodied in the newly signed bill". Ermita claimed that the passage of the bill was in line with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and said that "the new law is not to expand the territory, but to technically adjust the baseline of the territorial sea". Note: At present, neither China nor the Philippines have permanent facilities or sovereignty signs on the island. The symbol of China's sovereignty was destroyed by the Philippine army in 1997. As of 2008, Huangyan Island was actually controlled by the Philippine Navy. Tourism diving (1998) and amateur radio exploration (1994, 1995, 1997 and 2007) are also allowed, but they will be monitored by the Philippine navy.