Planting method of apricot tree
1. Planting and planting apricot trees
Apricot trees are planted in sandy loam, planted in mid-March, and applied with high-quality organic fertilizer. Dig planting ditch and ridging ditch, and plant seedlings in the north-south direction on the ridge with a row spacing of 0.9m? 1.5~2m .
Two, apricot planting fertilizer and water management
When the new shoots of apricot grow to about 15cm, apply quick-acting fertilizer, and alternately apply underground topdressing and foliar spraying. From the end of September to the beginning of 10, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer were applied. After the shed is closed, urea is applied before germination, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied after flowering to the fruit expansion stage, and urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 ~ 15 days are sprayed, which can simultaneously spray 500 times of bacterial liquid.
Three, apricot planting plastic pruning
At the end of May and the beginning of June, the stems and branches of apricot trees were fixed, 7 ~ 12 branches with good angles were selected, and the rest were smoothed. When the new shoots grow to 40 cm, 2 ~ 4 key culture sites are selected for culture. v？ Cut into zigzag or happy shapes, pinch off the remaining new branches to promote two new branches, repeatedly pinch the new branches standing upright on the back, and erase too many dense branches. 165438+1Spraying urea in early October promotes early defoliation.
Four, apricot planting flower management
If cultivated in solar greenhouse, the flowering period of apricot trees can be extended. Point feeding with stored pollen; Brush with a feather duster; During the flowering period, the height of the hive is close to the middle and upper part of the crown, so that bees will meet flowers as soon as they leave the hive. Thinning flowers and fruits, delaying flowers and weakening flowers, thinning fruits, small fruits and abnormal fruits, leaving 3-4 fruits in long fruit branches, 2-3 fruits in middle fruit branches and 65,438+0 fruits in short fruit branches, so that fruits are evenly distributed in the crown.
Five, apricot planting pest control
The main pests and diseases of apricot trees are: apricot scab, black spot and gummosis, as well as apricot weevil, aphid, red spider, coccidia, boat moth and other pests. Among them, scab, black spot and coccidia are more harmful, so corresponding measures should be taken to prevent and control them.
Planting techniques of apricot trees
1. Soil management: Soil management is very important for planted apricot trees. In autumn, it is necessary to turn the soil about 20 cm, keep the soil fully ventilated, and increase the soil fertility, which is conducive to the better growth of roots.
The second is intertillage weeding, that is, loosening the soil surface. The purpose is to cut off the capillaries of weeds, prevent the growth of weeds, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture for no reason, prevent weeds from competing with apricot trees for fertilizer and water, and affect the growth of apricot seedlings. Weeding can generally be carried out after irrigation, and the depth of loosening soil is about ten centimeters.
Finally, young apricot trees, in the first three years of planting, because there is a big gap on the ground, we can even plant intercropping crops on the ground to improve economic benefits. To select short-stalk crops and ensure that the growth of young trees is not affected, it is necessary to make scientific arrangements and keep a certain distance to prevent crops and apricot trees from competing for fertilizer and water. Secondly, covering some straws, straws and even fallen leaves on young trees can effectively prevent water evaporation and weed growth.
2. Fertilization: Rational fertilization can improve the fruit setting rate of apricot trees. Should be based on organic fertilizer, add some diammonium. In autumn, ditch can be used to apply base fertilizer. However, topdressing requires two topdressing operations before flowering in spring and after apricot trees bear fruit. The basic topdressing should be mainly urea fertilizer, combined with some two-pressure and shallow furrows, which can promote fruit setting and fruit development.
3. Watering and shaping: make a water seepage before germination to meet the flowering and growth needs of apricot flowers. After flowering and fruit expansion, infiltration irrigation is needed to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality. Secondly, it is shaping. When modeling, it should conform to the growth habits of apricot trees, adopt natural round-headed modeling and make some manual adjustments to ensure that the growth of apricot trees is more in line with its growth habits. Second, wintering protection is also very important for apricot trees. Common methods include painting, turning over soil and wrapping grass to prevent excessive damage to bark caused by low temperature.
Main points of apricot planting
1. improved varieties: selecting excellent apricot varieties is an important condition for planting apricot trees. According to local conditions, it is natural to choose some excellent apricot varieties with strong drought tolerance. For example, apricot varieties such as Daxie apricot in hua county or Longwangmao are excellent apricot varieties with high quality and high yield, which are suitable for local planting.
2. Apricot seedling raising: Seed selection is a key link, which is related to whether apricot trees are high-yielding in the local area. After selecting seeds, in order to ensure the emergence rate in spring sowing, seeds should be layered in winter, that is, seeds should be stored in sand.
According to the standard of sand storage, choose a cool and dry place and dig a standard pit. The length, width and height need to be adjusted according to the standard of apricot sand storage. Seeds should be soaked in clear water before being mixed with wet river sand, and the corresponding scientific data should be referred to when mixing.
After mixing the seeds, first spread a layer of wet sand at the bottom of the pit, and then put the mixed seeds in into the pit until the pit mouth is about 30 cm, and the top needs to be filled with wet sand. Finally, build a mound outside the ground, and the height of the mound should be appropriate to prevent water accumulation. If there are too many seeds in sand storage, in order to better dissipate heat, when storing seeds in sand storage, a straw stalk should be placed in it at intervals to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation of the seeds.
3. Sowing: Sowing here can be divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, which need to be adjusted according to local climate conditions. The sowing method can basically take the form of ditching sowing. First, ditching, ditch width is appropriate, and certain row spacing and plant spacing are maintained. These conditions need to refer to the planting standards of apricot trees.
Of course, grafted seedlings can also be cultivated. First of all, the collection of scions is required. Be sure to choose mature trees with strong trees, no pests and diseases, and excellent varieties for collection. The collected developmental branches are generally most suitable for growth within one year. Then, apricot grafted seedlings were cultivated by eight-character bud grafting.
4. Planting: After the seedlings are ready, you need to choose seedlings with strong plants, full buds and no pests and diseases, and soak them in water for 24 hours before planting. Before planting, the soil should be deeply ploughed to a depth of about 20 to 30 cm. After deep ploughing, the soil should be leveled and then raked.
If apricot trees are planted at ordinary times, the row spacing should be kept at about four to five meters, and the plant spacing should be kept at three to four meters. However, if it is a wasteland in Yuehu County, the plant spacing and row spacing can be appropriately reduced. Of course, at the same time, we should also consider some pollination trees to improve the yield of apricot trees. The selection of pollination trees should also meet the conditions of Yuepuhu county, and it should be drought-resistant and high-yield, and the flowering period should be consistent with that of apricot trees in order to increase the yield.
Generally, late April is the best time for planting, and the survival rate will be compared before planting. Before planting, horse manure 10 ~ 15 kg and diammonium phosphate 1 kg should be applied to each pit, and they should be fully mixed and put into into the pit to make steamed bread. When planting, the interface of the seedlings should face the sunny side, and then the apricot seedlings should be placed vertically in the into the pit, so that the roots of the apricot seedlings can be extended as much as possible. After the apricot seedlings are planted, water them immediately. A plant needs about a bucket of water, and then cover the trunk with sand, which can prevent the topsoil from cracking.