Planting method of angelica sinensis Angelica sinensis grows well in the natural environment with high air humidity at altitude 1500~3000 meters. The soil is sandy loam or humus loam, slightly acidic to neutral, with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Avoid continuous cropping.
1, land selection and land preparation
Choose a half-cloudy and half-sunny slope. Sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil, good drainage and high humus content is suitable.
Dig deep into the land 20? 25 cm, 30-60 kg compound fertilizer, raking fine and flat. Generally, the border is made according to 1 m, with a width of 30 cm and a height of about 25 cm, and drainage ditches are opened around it to facilitate drainage. Wheat, hemp, flax, rape, etc. The previous crop is better, but potatoes and beans are not suitable.
2. Sowing and raising seedlings
Sow in the nursery from early June to late June. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 24 hours, take them out to dry, and then cover them with weeds to sow. The sowing amount per mu is 4~5 kg. Emerge about half a month after sowing. At this time, cover the grass loosely to prevent damage to the seedlings when uncovering the grass. Uncover the grass in early August. Weeds should be removed if there are weeds, and weeds should be left in the ground. Combined with weeding and thinning, the plant spacing should be around 1 cm.
3. Transplanting and planting
The diameter of (1)2? 5 mm, keep the seedlings with uniform growth, no disease and no injury, less bifurcation and smooth skin (seedling age 90? 1 10 day, and the fresh weight of one hundred roots is 40? 70g), big seedlings with diameters less than 2mm and greater than 6mm should be used with caution as far as possible.
(2) Treatment of seedlings Before planting, mix 250g of 40% isofenphos, 250g of 40% carbendazim and 10? 15 kg was made into liquid medicine, and the seedlings were soaked. Generally, before transplanting in the field 10 hour, it can prevent pests and diseases and focus on diseases.
(3) Timely transplanting angelica can be divided into winter planting and spring planting. Winter planting should be carried out after beginning of autumn and before freezing, and spring planting should be carried out from the vernal equinox to Grain Rain around Tomb-Sweeping Day.
4. Tian Tuan management
(1) temperature
Angelica sinensis has strict requirements on temperature, which is suitable for extremely cold climate conditions. At that time, under suitable water conditions, the germination time of seeds shortened with the increase of temperature, and the average temperature was 12? At 14℃, 15? Appear after 20 days; Average temperature is 20? At 24℃, 7? /kloc-emerged in 0/5 days; When the average temperature is above 14℃, the aboveground and underground parts grow rapidly. When the average temperature in August is above 65438 06℃, the growth rate slows down. After September, the temperature dropped below 13℃, and the above parts began to age, while the roots grew rapidly. This is the main period for the growth of medicinal materials.
(2) Moisture
The drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance of Angelica sinensis are very poor, which shows that the requirements for water conditions are strict, and the soil water content is about 25{bf}, which is most suitable for the growth of Angelica sinensis. Therefore, abundant rainfall is one of the conditions for high yield of Angelica sinensis. When the soil moisture content exceeds 40{bf}, waterlogging will occur, and Angelica sinensis is prone to root rot. When the soil water content is lower than 13{bf}, drought will occur and water needs to be replenished. Therefore, timely irrigation and drainage was one of the main means to obtain high yield at that time.
(3) Fertilization
It is not advisable to apply too much nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage of topdressing, so as to avoid excessive growth and premature bolting. In the middle and late growth stage, 2000 kilograms of human and animal manure, fire soil ash or compost per mu can be appropriately added. When conditions permit, cake fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and manure can be piled up and applied into the furrows between rows, and then covered with soil to improve the soil, which is beneficial to root growth.
5, pests and diseases and their prevention and control
Root rot (1) Root rot is a semi-unknown fungus, which mainly harms the roots of Angelica sinensis. The first control method is to disinfect the soil with 70{bf} pentachloronitrobenzene 1 kg before planting; Secondly, select disease-free and robust sowing, soak sowing with 600 times of 65{bf} zineb solution for 10 minute before sowing, try to rotate with gramineous crops as much as possible, and drain water in time after rain; Third, it is found that the diseased plants are pulled out in time and the diseased spots are disinfected with lime; Fourthly, irrigate the affected area with 50{bf} carbendazim 1000 times solution.
(2) Brown spot brown spot disease is also a kind of ignorant bacteria, which is prone to disease when it is hot and humid. It mainly harms the leaves of plants on Angelica sinensis, which usually occurs in May, 7? August is serious. At the initial stage of the disease, 65{bf} zineb 600 times solution or 1: 1: 120 bordeaux solution can be sprayed in the ward for prevention and treatment.
6, harvesting and processing
Angelica sinensis for seedling and transplantation should be excavated in late June, 65438+1October when the plants turn yellow, and the direct seeding in autumn should be excavated in the second year when the plants turn yellow. Three days before excavation, cut off the stems and leaves on the ground, leaving short stubble of about 3 cm to promote root maturity, and dig line by line to avoid root breakage or leakage.
The primary processing of Angelica sinensis is an important process in the production of Angelica sinensis. Traditionally, fresh Angelica sinensis has been carefully dried, sorted, reshaped, tied, smoked and trimmed, which can become a commercial medicinal material with good quality and beautiful appearance. Dry the roots in the sun to soften them. When the water is slightly dry, remove the remaining stems and leaves, bundle them into sticks according to the size of the roots, put them in a smoking shed, and smoke them with beanstalk. , and colored until the epidermis of Angelica sinensis is slightly yellow, and then slowly smoked with slow fire. After drying, wipe off dirt, sand and hair, and trim off fine roots.
The propagation methods of Angelica sinensis are seed propagation, direct seeding or seedling transplanting.
1. Seed propagation
When the seeds germinate well (the germination rate is above 70{bf}), the suitable sowing amount per mu is about 7.5 kg, and the seeds are soaked for 24 hours (the water temperature is 30 degrees) before sowing. There are two kinds of broadcasting: strip broadcasting and broadcast broadcasting. Sowing refers to spreading seeds evenly on the flat border and covering them with fine loam of about 0.5 cm. Drill-sowing refers to the horizontal border with a row spacing of 20 kilometers and a depth of 3-5 cm on the whole border. The seeds are sown evenly in the furrow and covered with fertile soil, so that the seeds can't be seen.
2. Live communication
At present, in the production of Angelica sinensis, direct seeding cultivation can be divided into three types according to different sowing dates: spring direct seeding, autumn direct seeding and winter direct seeding.
(1) Autumn direct seeding: Autumn direct seeding is the most commonly used. While maintaining the advantages of direct seeding cultivation, that is, no early bolting, simple cultivation techniques and low cost, it has a longer growth period than direct seeding in other seasons. Sowing should be carried out from late July to early August in high altitude areas with low temperature, and from mid-August to early September in low altitude areas with slightly higher temperature.
Live broadcast is divided into strip broadcast and hole broadcast, and hole broadcast is the best. The hole is dug in a zigzag shape, with a distance of 27 cm and a depth of 3-5 cm, and the bottom of the hole is leveled. 65,438+00 seeds were sown in each hole, arranged radially. After a little compaction, cover it with fine loam with a thickness of 1-2 cm. Finally, cover the border with fallen leaves to keep moisture. Drill sowing is a horizontal furrow on the whole border with a depth of 5 cm and a spacing of 30 cm. The seeds are evenly scattered in the ditch. Seedling height 10 cm can be fixed, and there are 1-2 plants in each hole, and the spacing between plants is about 5 cm; Drill seedlings are fixed at a spacing of 20 cm.
(2) Spring direct seeding: Spring direct seeding is a cultivation method of sowing in early spring and harvesting before winter. Because it was planted in the same year and harvested in the same year, it did not go through winter and could not meet the requirements of low temperature in vernalization stage, so it would not pick the moss early. Because the growth period of direct seeding in spring is too short, the yield is low, but it can also obtain higher yield under better cultivation conditions.
(3) Direct seeding in winter: Direct seeding in winter is sowing before winter, so that the seeds can overwinter in the soil and be harvested in late autumn of the following year. Because the overwintering seeds are still immature, they can't accept the qualitative change in vernalization stage at low temperature in winter, so they can also prevent early bolting. Because the live broadcast in winter is planted in winter. Emerge early in spring and have a long growing period. Under the condition of better seedling protection, the yield is higher than that of direct seeding in spring. The cultivation techniques of spring direct seeding and winter direct seeding are basically the same as autumn direct seeding except for different sowing dates.
3. Transplantation and breeding
Angelica sinensis is generally planted in spring, and the time is appropriate before and after Qingming. Too early, the seedlings are vulnerable to late frost after being unearthed; It's too late, the seedlings have sprouted, which is easy to damage the buds and reduce the survival rate. Planting methods are divided into hole planting and ditch planting.
Hole sowing: on the flat and raked planting land, the row spacing and plant spacing are 33 cm? 27 centimeters? 27 cm triangular staggered excavation holes with a depth of 15 cm. Then plant one big, one middle and one small seedling in each hole according to zigzag arrangement, and cover the soil while pressing. When the hole is half covered, gently lift the seedling upward to extend the root system, then cover the hole with soil, and apply appropriate amount of fireclay or soil miscellaneous fertilizer until the fine soil does not reach the root neck of the seedling by 2-3 cm.
Trench planting: Across the entire border, horizontally trench, with a trench spacing of 40 cm and a trench depth of 15cm, alternately placed in the trench, with a spacing of 3-5 cm, the root of which is 2 cm lower than the border and covered with soil of 2-3 cm.
Variety classification of angelica sinensis 1, angelica sinensis.
From Angelica sinensis of Umbelliferae, also known as Angelica sinensis, Angelica japonica and Angelica Yanbian. Angelica sinensis is used as medicine in some parts of Northeast China, and the Korean people in Jilin believe that its efficacy is similar to Angelica sinensis. Angelica sinensis is used as Angelica sinensis in Japan and Korea. Its root is shorter than Angelica sinensis, its surface is yellow-brown or brown, and it has fine longitudinal wrinkles and laterally protruding lenticellate scars. The taproot is short, with fine ring lines, with a diameter of 1.5-3 cm, with traces of petiole and stem base at the top and many depressions in the center, with branches above 10. The texture is firm and crisp, the cut surface is white, and the wood is yellow-white or yellow-brown. The breath is fragrant, sweet and slightly bitter.
2. angelica sinensis
It is the root of Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae. 1957 was introduced from Bulgaria. This product has different properties and pharmacological effects from Angelica sinensis, and has adverse reactions that Angelica sinensis does not have, so it cannot be mixed with Angelica sinensis for medicine. The root of Eupatorium odoratum is conical, the head of the root is enlarged, and more than two root heads have transverse annular patterns. The surface is grayish brown or grayish yellow, and scars after lateral roots are broken can be seen. The quality is dry and oil-free, but slightly tough and easy to break. The section is yellow and white with cracks, and the wood is yellow and white with radial texture. The smell is fragrant and turbid, and the taste is slightly sweet first and then spicy.
3. Wild Angelica sinensis in Yunnan
The root of Angelica yunnanensis in Umbelliferae. In Yunnan, it is also called Angelica sinensis. Its function is similar to that of Angelica sinensis, and it is used as medicine in some parts of Yunnan. Its roots are conical with few branches, and its surface is brown, reddish brown or dark brown. There are stem scars or stem residues at the top and horizontal rings at the root. There are longitudinal wrinkles and lentiform scars on the surface. Hard, yellow and white parts. It has an aroma similar to that of Angelica sinensis, and tastes slightly sweet and bitter.
4. Angelica dahurica
The root of Angelica dahurica in Umbelliferae. Also known as the Northeast masterpiece. Angelica sinensis has been introduced and misused in Hunan and Sichuan. Its taproot is short, with several branches, brownish yellow or brownish yellow surface, dry and spicy texture, and numb tongue.
5. Peucedanum purpurea
The root of Peucedanum purpurea in Umbelliferae, also called Yajiaoqi and wild Angelica sinensis. Peucedanum purpurea is actually a real medicinal peucedanum. Its taproot is irregularly conical, 3-6 cm long and 1.8-2 cm in diameter. The surface is brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, leaf base marks at the top and several branches at the lower part, 6-9 cm long and 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter. There are longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticels on the surface. Hard and easy to break, the section is brown, the wood is yellowish brown, and some sections are light in color. It has an aromatic smell, but unlike angelica, it tastes slightly spicy.
Step 6 live alone
The root of Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae is the root of Radix Angelicae Pubescentis. Its roots are slightly cylindrical, and its lower branches are 2-3 or more. The head of the root is swollen, conical and wrinkled. The surface is grayish brown or brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and transverse raised lenticels and fine root marks. Hard, soft when wet. The profile skin is grayish white, with scattered brown punctate oil chambers, and the wood is grayish yellow to yellowish brown, forming a cambium ring brown. It has a special aroma, bitter and spicy taste, but its tongue is slightly numb.
Step 7 live alone
The root of umbrella university of science and technology. In some areas of Jilin, it is also called local angelica, wild angelica and fresh angelica. Used to be a medicine for angelica.
The head of Angelica pubescens is short and thick, with ring lines on the surface, leaf base marks on it and several branches below. Longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticellate scars can be seen on the surface, and some brown sticky resinous substances can be seen oozing out. Brittle and easily broken, with gray skin and yellow-white wood. The smell is fragrant, the taste is slightly sweet and then hard.
Due to the complexity of plant species called Angelica sinensis or Angelica sinensis since ancient times, there are more than 20 species called Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae and four or five species called Angelica sinensis in Araliaceae. In addition, the roots of many plants in Compositae, Polygonaceae and Ranunculaceae are also called Angelica in some areas. In the face of such a complicated situation, we should master the color, fragrance and taste of genuine angelica.