1. sowing: autumn sowing should be carried out before soil freezing, and spring sowing should generally be carried out from mid-March to early April, when the soil temperature at the surface 10 cm reaches 8 ~ 10℃. Nursery land should be fully fertilized, leveled after deep ploughing and watered. Drilling, row spacing of 20 ~ 25 cm, covering soil thickness 1 cm. Then cover the edge with a thin layer of grass or plastic film to keep the edge moist, and remove the cover after seedling emergence. The sowing amount is 4 ~ 16 kg per mu.
2. Fertilizer and water management: the height of seedlings is 4 ~ 5cm, the spacing between plants is 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05 cm, and 65,438+00 kg urea is applied per mu from June to July. After application, irrigation is carried out, intertillage weeding is carried out in time, and drainage is paid attention to in rainy season. Generally, the height of seedlings in that year can reach 70 ~ 65,438+000 cm. Rational fertilization can significantly increase the yield. The base fertilizer can be applied in spring or autumn, preferably after the fruit is harvested in autumn. Apply about 25 kilograms of ring fertilizer or mixed fertilizer to each furrow. Pay attention to the uniform mixing of fertilizer and soil, and then irrigate after application.
Top dressing twice a year.
The first time in the germination stage, it can promote the growth of tip, improve the fruit setting rate and promote the growth of young fruits.
After the second harvest, basal fertilizer can also be applied in autumn, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and root growth, improving leaf function and increasing nutrient storage of trees, and plays an important role in ensuring yield increase in the next year. The amount of topdressing is 0.25 ~ 0.5 kg of urea once per plant, and irrigation should be done in time after topdressing.
In dry years, attention should be paid to timely watering from April to June to ensure the water demand for the growth and flowering of sharp leaves and the development of young fruits, and to prevent serious fruit drop. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is not waterlogged, so attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season.
Third, shaping and pruning: Zanthoxylum likes light, with strong branches and strong fruiting ability. Only by pruning, concentrating nutrition and improving illumination can high and stable yield be obtained. After planting, fix the stem at 40 ~ 50 cm. When cutting in winter, the lower branches of the trunk are drained, and the upper 3-6 branches are kept as the main branches. If the selection of 1 year is incorrect, it can be completed in two years, and the vertical branches in the middle become thinner. Cut the selected main branch 1/3, leaving strong buds. Select the first lateral branch 50 cm away from the trunk, and then select the second and third lateral branches every 30 ~ 40 cm, and arrange them left and right. Over-dense fruiting branches are weakened and remain vigorous, so that the branches inside and outside the crown are not pressed, distributed evenly, and can be put into fists everywhere, with good illumination and easy harvesting. Flourishing leaves, flourishing leaves. Retract the bearing branches to the strong branches and buds behind, promote the growth of strong branches, renew and rejuvenate, and through this pruning method of concentrating nutrition, rejuvenate the trees, which has obvious effect on improving the yield of strong trees. Pruning in summer is usually carried out 2 ~ 3 times a year, and its main function is to erase or sparse the overgrown branches, overgrown branches and slender branches on the back in time, and to sparse the budding branches under the trees, so as to improve the illumination, concentrate nutrition and increase the yield.
Question 2: Can Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds be planted? Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds can be planted, usually in spring, but the outer layer of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds is covered with oil layer, which is not easy to germinate. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds should be soaked in washing powder water for 5- 10 minutes, and the germination rate is high after washing off the oil layer.
Question 3: Seed propagation and planting methods and high-yield cultivation techniques of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a non-aromatic perfume. Its fruit contains aromatic oil, which is an important raw material for food seasoning. Seeds can be pressed for oil and can be eaten after treatment. Early fruiting, great benefit, simple cultivation management, strong adaptability, strong germination ability and strong pruning resistance. It bears fruit in the second year after planting, and bears a lot of fruit after 4-5 years. It is an ideal tree species for people in mountainous areas to get rich. ? 1, Miao? Zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly used for seedling cultivation. Generally, from July to September, when the outer skin of the fruit is purplish red and the inner seed coat turns blue-black, the pepper is harvested. The harvested Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be dried in the shade in a dry room, and the seeds should not be exposed to the sun, so as not to lose their germination ability. Seeds dried in the shade can be sown in autumn or spring. The seedbed of Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Before sowing, the soil should be deeply ploughed, applied with base fertilizer, leveled and made into a bed, and then furrowed with 20cm row spacing for sowing, with 0.5cm soil cover and 2cm sand, and the sowing amount per hectare 1 12.5kg. Seeds sown in autumn should be degreased, soaked in alkaline water, soaked in 10kg water and 0.3kg alkaline surface for 2 days, oiled on the surface of seeds, and then sown. ? Seeds sown in spring should be stored in sand for about 50 days. After the seeds are mixed with wet sand for three times, choose a warm and well-drained place, dig a ditch with a width of 1m and a depth of 40-50cm, put the seeds in, pile them up to a thickness of 10- 15cm, and then cover them with soil. ? In addition, you can also use boiling water to accelerate germination. Pour 1kg seeds into 2kg of boiling water, stir for 2-3 minutes, and then soak them in warm water every day. After several seed coats are cracked, take them out and put them in a warm place, and sow them after 1-2 days. ? 2. planting? 2. 1 Choose a suitable planting area? Zanthoxylum likes temperature, light, drought, waterlogging, wind and soil. From the perspective of high yield, Zanthoxylum bungeanum should be planted in the place where the annual average temperature is above 1 1℃ and the annual rainfall is about 500 mm, and the garden site should be built on sandy loam with abundant sunshine, deep soil layer, fertile soil and moist soil, so as to facilitate the good growth of plants and promote the flourishing of fruits. Not suitable for planting in tuyere, low-lying and waterlogged places with sticky soil. ? 2.2 Suitable planting time? Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be planted in spring and autumn. In places where the temperature is not too low, it can be planted in autumn after defoliation. After planting, cut off the cultivation to prevent peeling. Spring planting is easy in early spring, and sowing before germination is beneficial to survival. ? 2.3 Moderately close planting? The height of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is 3-7 meters, which is suitable for close planting. When planting, the plant spacing can be 1.5m×2m, and 3330 plants can be planted per hectare to improve the early yield. ? 2.4 Measures to improve the colonial survival rate? The problem of low survival rate of fixed planting is common in pepper production. The cultivation method of "three big ones, one quick one more" adopted by Longdong people has greatly improved the survival rate of transplanting. The reason why the survival rate of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is low is mainly because the root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a short survival time after leaving the ground and is easy to die in the air. Shortening the exposure time of roots in the air can improve the survival rate. Based on this, the people of Longdong summarized the planting method of "big pit, big fertilizer, big water, quick transplanting and more soil", thus greatly improving the survival rate of planting. Usually, square 80cm×80cm planting holes are used, 30kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole, and 2.5kg of water is applied to each hole after planting. Generally, the method of planting and raising seedlings is adopted to improve the survival rate. If it is a long-distance transportation, the root system should carry more soil and less damage, so as to slow down the seedlings and promote the vitality. 3. Growth management? Important contents include weeding, fertilization, pest control and pruning. ? 3. 1 weeding? The root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is shallow, and the competition between weeds and Zanthoxylum bungeanum for fertilizer and water is quite serious. In production, there is a saying that "Zanthoxylum bungeanum withered in the same year without weeding", especially the young tree period of 1-3 years is the slow seedling stage after Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting. Weeds should be removed in time to promote the vigorous growth of trees. 3.2 fertilization? Zanthoxylum bungeanum takes fruit as the main harvest, so we should pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, the basal fertilizer is applied once after the fruits are harvested from July to September. The basal fertilizer is applied to the border according to the standards of 50kg organic fertilizer, 0 kg superphosphate 1kg plant ash and 7.5kg. During the growth period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and its fruit, nitrogen was supplemented twice, and 0.25kg urea was applied to each plant to maintain vigorous growth. ? 3.3 pruning? Pruning mainly focuses on updating and controlling the outward movement of fruiting parts. After defoliation every year, the dead branches should be removed in time, and the old fruit branches should be recovered and updated to maintain the vigorous fruit-bearing ability of the trees. ? 3.4 pest control? The main pest of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is aphid ...
Question 4: Q: How to sow pepper seeds? It seems to be planted in winter, and the seeds seem to germinate at low temperature and vernalization. Rub off the seed coat, soak it in alkali for a few days, rub it again, clean it with water, dry it and plant it in the ground, and it will germinate in spring. This is how I treated pepper seeds last winter, and this year I distributed more than 20 seeds. I'm going to eat pepper sprouts. You can refer to the post of pepper sprouts I posted last year [url= view the original post >>
Question 5: How to treat Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds before germination is the key. 1. The treatment of autumn sowing seeds focuses on deoiling. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds have more empty grains, accounting for more than 50%. Before treatment, water should be divided to remove empty grains, and the seeds with full grains should be degreased. First, put the seeds into a water tank or an iron pot, blanch them with boiling water for 4-5 minutes, and then quickly add cold water to 30-40℃; 2. Oil wiping, that is, pouring the seeds to be treated into 2% alkaline water or 1% washing powder water to soak for 2-3 days, and constantly stirring and rubbing with a broom and a stick during the soaking process to remove oil stains on the surface; Third, wash, because the water soaked with seeds contains a lot of oil, so wash with clear water until the surface of seeds looks black but dull, then take out the seeds and pile them up for 1~2 days. Before sowing, mix the seeds with plant ash, and rub the moisture in plant ash by hand, and it will disperse when touched. The ratio of seeds to plant ash is 1: 2 ~ 3. After thorough mixing, the seeds are dusted with ash. 2. The seeds sown in spring should be stored in sand for about 50 days, and the seeds should be mixed with 3 times of wet sand (no mud). The humidity of river sand should be rubbed into a ball by hand and sprinkled by hand. Choose a warm and well-drained place, dig a ditch with a width of 1 m and a depth of 40~50 cm, put the seeds in, pile the seeds with a thickness of 10~ 15 cm, cover them with soil with a thickness of 10~ 15 cm, and water them.
Question 6: It seems that the planting method of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds should be in winter, and the seeds seem to germinate after low temperature vernalization. Rub off the seed coat, soak it in alkali for a few days, rub it again, clean it with water, dry it and plant it in the ground, and it will germinate in spring. This is how I treated pepper seeds last winter, and this year I distributed more than 20 seeds. I'm going to eat pepper sprouts. You can refer to the post of pepper sprouts I posted last year [url= view the original post >>
Question 7: How to deal with pepper seeds before planting? The collected seeds should not be stored for a long time, so as to avoid the oil layer on the surface of the seeds from being heated and moldy and reduce the germination rate. The seed shell of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is hard, and the waxy layer of oil is thick, so it is not easy to absorb water and germinate, so it must be degreased before sowing. Sorting out chaff with water, putting the selected full seeds into a jar, adding water until the seeds are submerged, adding washing powder (the weight ratio of seeds to washing powder is 100: 0.20), mashing into paste, rinsing with clear water, kneading with hands until the seeds are grayish brown and pitted, rinsing with clear water, taking them out in the shade, and constantly turning. The dried seeds were mixed with plant ash (the volume ratio of seeds to plant ash was 2∶ 1), bagged and planted in a cool and ventilated place.
Question 8: When is the best time to plant pepper seeds? Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be planted in spring and autumn.
In places where the temperature is not too low, autumn sowing can be carried out after defoliation, and the soil should be cut off after planting to prevent peeling; Spring planting is easy in early spring, and sowing before germination is beneficial to survival.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a non-aromatic perfume. Its fruit contains aromatic oil, which is an important raw material for food seasoning. Seeds can be pressed for oil and can be eaten after treatment. Early fruiting, great benefit, simple cultivation management, strong adaptability, strong germination ability and strong pruning resistance. It bears fruit in the second year after planting, and bears a lot of fruit after 4-5 years. It is an ideal tree species for people in mountainous areas to get rich.
Question 9: How to grow peppers?
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has strong adaptability and easy management, and can be planted in front of and behind the house.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has both spring sowing and autumn sowing. Practice in various places has proved that autumn sowing has the following advantages over spring sowing: First, autumn sowing of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves out the procedure of seed germination, and the seeds germinate naturally and germinate once, with strong resistance. Second, it can improve the disease resistance of plants. Zanthoxylum bungeanum planted in autumn usually blooms in late March or early April of the following spring. When the outside temperature changes dramatically, the seedlings have already had certain adaptability. Third, autumn pepper does not need topdressing. The autumn sowing of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was unearthed 10 ~ 15 days earlier than the spring sowing, which made the seedling grow faster and the complete root system formed earlier, and the organic fertilizer applied in the first year of soil preparation could be absorbed from the soil.
The technical points of autumn sowing pepper are as follows:
First, prepare the soil for the border. When raising seedlings, we should choose sandy soil with leeward and sunny, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Apply 2000-3000 kg of manure per mu, plough deeply and rake carefully, and make a border after leveling, with a width of 1 m. Second, seed treatment. The seed shell of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is hard and oily, so it is difficult for water to penetrate into the seeds, so it should be degreased. Before sowing in autumn, soak the seeds in an alkali solution (1kg seeds are covered with 25g alkali, and the seeds are submerged with water), take out the seeds, soak them for two days, wipe off the oil on the seed coat, and take them out for sowing. Plant ash can also be used to rub and remove grease from seed coat. Third, dig ditches and dig wells. Sowing is usually carried out from the end of autumn to before the soil freezes. Ditch 4-5 rows per border, with a depth of 5 cm, and sow 10- 12 kg per mu. After sowing, cover with a layer of fine soil 2 ~ 3 cm thick. Fourth, early spring management. When thawing in the next spring, it should be suppressed once in time to make the seeds closely combined with the soil, which is beneficial to the seeds to absorb water and emerge. Keep an eye on the nursery and don't let livestock in. In case of drought in early spring, water it in time. A few days after watering, use a shallow hoe to conserve moisture, keep the border surface moist and prevent soil from hardening, so as to increase the temperature and promote germination.