grow seedlings
Choose high-lying, sunny, loose and fertile land, plough deeply before sowing, apply sole fertilizer and open drainage ditch. Yellow peaches are mainly rootstock seedlings, and the rootstock variety is generally Maotao. After the peach pit is layered, the kernel is taken to accelerate germination, and it is sown in late March (plastic film mulching is the best), and 1 ridge double-row sowing is about 300,000 grains /hm, and fertilizer and water management is strengthened in the middle to promote plant growth. There are two kinds of grafting methods, namely "D"-shaped seeding grafting method and bud head grafting method. The latter is mainly introduced, which is convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale grafting. Scions are selected from varieties with excellent comprehensive properties, and vegetative branches without pests and diseases are taken from the periphery of the middle part, and leaves are removed and petioles are left. Select a robust bud head, cut 1 knife to xylem at the upper part of the scion 0.5 cm, then cut the xylem at the lower end of the bud upward to the transverse incision, and then stick the cut scion to the incision of the rootstock to form the cambium. The scion rootstock was bound with plastic film tape, and after 2 weeks, the survival situation was checked and loosened in time. Bud grafting is carried out in the middle and early June and from mid-August to mid-September. The seedlings grafted by the former can leave the nursery in the same year, and the sprouting tillers should be removed in time to promote the germination of seedlings. The latter will become semi-finished seedlings in that year, and the rootstock will be cut off 0.5 cm away from the bud grafting position in the next spring to cultivate grafted seedlings. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the later stage.
plant
/kloc-sow from October to March of the following year, mainly in autumn, until the peach seedlings shed leaves and the soil is completely frozen, which can delay the seedlings quickly and have a high survival rate in the next spring. The density should be determined according to the conditions and varieties of the garden, the way of shaping and pruning, and the management level. Generally, 450~750 plants/hectare should be planted (1 hectare is 15 mu). The depth of the planting point should be 40~80 cm. Choose strong seedlings (try to choose one-year-old seedlings, which is shorter than the period with sprouts 1 year, and the molding will be shortened by two years, and the fruit will be produced in the second year), plant at the same level, and apply 50 kg of organic fertilizer/hole and calcium superphosphate 1 kg/hole to achieve one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil. The planting depth is 3 ~ 5 cm below the grafting site, and the bud faces the sun. When the seedlings are buried in the soil of 1/2, lift the seedlings upward to fully extend the roots, then fill the soil, water it and cover it with plastic film. In order to prevent the seedlings from swaying by the wind, a bamboo pole can be inserted next to the seedlings and tied and fixed. When the grafted bud grows to less than 40 cm, the rootstock (bud grafting) should be cut off in time, and the upper end of the grafted bud 1 cm is obliquely cut. When the grafted buds grow to more than 60 cm, the tips should be picked in time to promote the growth of secondary buds and prepare for the cultivation of tertiary branches. In order to prevent nodules, ammonia water 1.0 ~ 1.5 kg/hole can be used for disinfection before planting.
Soil, fertilizer and water management
After defoliation, before freezing, combined with the application of base fertilizer in autumn to deepen and expand the Taoyuan hole, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and deepen outward every year or every other year with a depth of 40-60 cm, so as to minimize root damage, especially the backbone roots, until the soil between plants is completely turned up, tidy up the tree tray, backfill the soil with organic fertilizer, and fill it with frozen water. After rain or irrigation in the orchard growing period, intertillage and loosen the soil to a depth of 5~ 10 cm in time. Wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, hay, etc. It can be covered under the canopy, with a thickness of 10 ~ 15 cm, and 2 cm of soil is pressed on it.
1~2 years, the newly planted seedlings must pay attention to fertilizer and water management to promote the growth of seedlings, but they must be sparse and fertilized frequently. In the spring and summer seedling growing season, young trees can plant thin vegetables, which is beneficial to improve soil vitality and change soil quality, but they must not plant tall crops. Apply thin fertilizer frequently, promote before and control after. Fertilize 10 times from March to June, and apply 50 g/ urea/plant with manure water; From the end of June to July, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 g/ plant) was applied three times to promote branch maturity and flower bud differentiation. We must pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water at seedling stage in order to sprout, germinate and become branches as soon as possible. It is forbidden to use ammonium bicarbonate as topdressing. Ammonium bicarbonate is an alkaline fertilizer, which easily alkalizes soil. Peach root can't absorb trace elements in alkaline soil, which leads to iron deficiency and magnesium deficiency. After fruit trees enter the fruiting period, they are strict with fertilizer and water, and should be fertilized, drained and irrigated in time. Germination fertilizer was applied in the middle and late February, accounting for 10% of the annual fertilization. Irrigation with quick-acting fertilizer and clear water. If the buds are full, you can only use irrigation. Strong fruit fertilizer should be applied from late April to mid-May, accounting for 30% of the annual consumption. Pay attention to potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Apply fruit picking fertilizer from June to September, accounting for 60% of the annual consumption. The combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the most important fertilization in the whole year. External fertilization: spraying high-yield fertilizer before and after flowering to stabilize flowers and fruits, topdressing before bagging, spraying growth regulator to inhibit branch growth and promote flower bud differentiation. Yellow peach fruit trees are very strict about water, so they should open drains to prevent water accumulation. Fruits need a lot of water during their development. In case of high temperature and drought, drought-resistant irrigation must be carried out in time, and the best irrigation time in summer is evening or early morning.