As a special cultivation method, potted grapes are becoming more and more popular because of their small size and convenient movement. Potted grapes have high ornamental value and play an important role in beautification and greening. Potted grapes bear fruit early, and can bear fruit in 2 years, and each pot can produce 2 ~ 4 kg. To do a good job of potted grapes, we should master the following points:

1 variety

Almost all varieties can be used for potted plants, but from the aspects of beautification, fruit production and management, we must pay attention to the following points:

1. 1 Choose red or yellow-green varieties with beautiful ear and grain shape.

1.2 Select varieties with moderate growth potential, short branches and internodes, high seed setting rate and resistance to pests and diseases.

1.3 Select female flower varieties, consider configuring pollinated varieties or grafting other varieties on plants, because they cannot pollinate themselves.

2 containers and culture soil

2. 1 container. Potted grapes are usually packed in pottery pots, which are well drained and breathable and cheap. Pots, porcelain pots, plastic pots (barrels), wooden cases, wooden barrels, cement tanks and other containers are also acceptable. The shapes of containers are round, polygonal and rectangular. There is also a difference in depth. General family potted plants have a diameter of 25 ~ 30 cm and a depth of 15 ~ 30 cm.

2.2 culture soil. That is to say, potted soil should have good air permeability and drainage performance, good physical and chemical properties, rich in organic matter and nutrients, suitable pH value and no pests and diseases. The proportion is 30% ~ 50% of garden soil, 20% ~ 30% of humus or organic fertilizer and 20% ~ 30% of river sand. The prepared culture soil should be loose, fertile and have excellent physical and chemical properties. The prepared pot soil can be disinfected by spraying 0. 1% formalin solution, 500 ml per cubic pot soil, and can be disinfected by high-temperature steam if possible.

3 Seedlings and colonization

Seedlings used for potted grapes can be cultivated by cutting, grafting and layering, or 1 ~ 3-year-old grape plants can be transplanted with soil before germination. When planting, put ceramic tiles on the center hole of the basin bottom, spread a layer of pebbles with a thickness of about 3 cm, then put part of the basin soil into it to make steamed bread, spread the trimmed seedling roots on it in four directions, then fill the soil, gently press it to 3-5 cm away from the mouth of the basin, water it to make the soil seep down, and then fill the soil and water it until it flows out of the bottom hole. After planting, put it in a warm place and cover it with plastic film to keep it moist.

Plastic surgery

Usually potted grape shaping has the following kinds:

4. 1 spherical. The plant has 2 ~ 3 long fruiting branches on the short trunk, which are bent and bound into a ball with the help of wire frame. After the new buds grow, leave 6 ~ 8 branches around, and the plant becomes spherical.

4.2 Funnel shape. 3 ~ 4 main vines are left in the plant and distributed obliquely outward along the funnel frame, or the mother branches are bent into upper and lower rings, and new shoots are tied around the funnel frame.

4.3 fan shape. There are 1 main tendrils and 1 ~ 2 lateral tendrils in the plant, and the branches are distributed on the fan-shaped frame surface, and the leaf curtain is relatively flat and wide.

4.4 spiral. Tie the well-growing mother branch to the bamboo pole in a spiral shape, and the new bud will stand upright or partially hang after growing.

5 pruning

Pay attention to control polarity and recover or update bare branches in time. The number of branches and buds should be coordinated with the soil, fertilizer, water and nutritional conditions of potted plants, and greed should not be avoided.

5. 1 branch management. Take off new buds and shoots in time, and core them according to different growth conditions.

5.2 Inflorescence shaping and flower thinning and fruit thinning. Leave 1 ear (big fruit variety) or 1 ~ 2 ear (small fruit variety) on the bearing branch. Combined with thinning flowers, carefully trim the ear axis before flowering. Carefully thinning the fruit after flowering, the purpose is that the fruit develops fully and neatly, and does not pursue large ear.

6 Fertilization and watering

Base fertilizer should be applied in combination with soil replacement, and liquid topdressing should be applied during the growth period to prevent excessive concentration from burning roots. For pot seedlings that have not yet borne fruit, apply cake fertilizer 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d from the height of 20 cm (6 ~ 7 leaves) until the end of September, and it is best to apply cake fertilizer 1 time every 5 d for those that have borne fruit. Spraying fertilizer on leaves is both effective and economical. The method is to spray 0. 1% ~ 0.3% urea 2 ~ 3 times in the early growth stage, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d for 3 ~ 4 times.

When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature, and water should be done before 10: 00 in the morning and after 4: 00 in the afternoon. Generally, water every 2 ~ 3 d in early spring, which can increase evaporation 1 ~ 2 d with the increase of temperature, and the watering times should be kept moist.

7 soil replacement and root trimming

The soil replacement period can be carried out before germination in late autumn or spring. Pour water first, then turn the edge of the basin upside down and pour out the whole root system and soil. Then loosen a part of the soil covered with roots with bamboo pieces, subtract a part of the surrounding roots, so that the long roots can be reduced by about half, and then replant in new culture soil.

8 Overwintering protection

Grapes should be buried in soil ditches, or placed in vegetable pits, basements and shady houses, and the temperature should be kept at 0℃ ~ 7℃. They should be watered before overwintering. According to the situation, water every 10 ~ 15 d 1 time, and cover it with plastic film for moisture retention.

9 pest control

Potted grapes have few pests, and the common diseases are downy mildew, white rot, anthracnose, black pox and so on. Grapes can be sprayed with 3 ~ 5 baumeishi sulfur mixture during dormancy, and 1 bordeaux solution or 500 times carbendazim compound solution every 15 d after germination.