Passion flower, commonly known as "egg fruit" and "Brazil fruit", is known as "passion fruit" and "king of juice" because of its rich nutrition and special flavor.
Passionflower is a tropical and subtropical perennial vine. Originally from Brazil, it has been planted in South America, South Africa, Southeast Asian countries, Australia and the South Pacific. At the beginning of this century, China introduced trial planting and listed passion fruit as a famous and rare fruit variety in Guangdong.
Passion flower is full of treasures. Fruit juice is especially nutritious. According to scientific analysis, every100g of passion fruit juice contains total sugar15.2g, total acid 4g, protein1.36g, fat1.22g, phosphorus 24.6mg, calcium 30mg, potassium 227mg and vitamin A/. Passion flower is the best fruit and juice drink today, so it has the reputation of "king of juice" and enjoys a high reputation in the world.
The pulp is rich in nutrition and can be made into preserved fruit, jam, ice cream, jelly, cake stuffing and high-grade cakes.
The oil content of seeds is about 25%, and clean and odorless oil can be squeezed out. The bran cake after oil pressing can be used as feed and fertilizer. Pectin can be extracted from pericarp and is an excellent stabilizer and thickener for food processing.
The roots, stems and leaves of passion fruit can be used as medicine, which has the effects of diminishing inflammation and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and strengthening the body, nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, reducing blood lipid and lowering blood pressure. Tender vines and leaves are good feed for rabbits and chickens.
Passionflower is relatively thick, easy to grow, and has low requirements on environmental conditions. As long as the temperature in summer is not too high, the absolute temperature in winter is not lower than -2℃, and the annual rainfall is between 750- 1800 mm, it can be planted on cultivated land or hillside with deep soil layer, loose soil and good drainage. Most areas in Guangdong Province are suitable for planting. Generally, it is planted before March, and it will bloom after half a year. It takes only two months from flowering to fruit ripening. It can be harvested in the year of 65438+February. Once planted, it can be harvested continuously for 8- 10 years.
Passiflora is a representative plant of Passiflora and an annual evergreen climbing woody vine in China. Because its fresh fruit looks like an egg and its juice looks like yolk, it is named egg fruit.
Passionflower, a subtropical fruit, is native to Central and South America. It likes sunshine and warm climate. It can be planted in river valleys and mountainous areas where the average temperature is 1600 meters above sea level and the annual sunshine is 2000-2300 hours. China's Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces have large-scale cultivation. Passion flower was introduced by Liangshan Research Institute 10 years ago, and cooperated with the state agricultural bureau for multi-point experiment and demonstration cultivation. The results show that Dechang and Xichang in China are suitable planting areas for passion fruit.
Passion fruit is a good raw material for juice processing and a rare natural concentrated fragrant fruit. It has the comprehensive, bright and pleasant fruit fragrance and color tone of lemon, orange and apple, and the fruit fragrance is stable and lasting. It is rich in glutamic acid, lysine and other 17 amino acids necessary for human body. The extracted juice can be used to produce high-grade natural juice drinks in the world today, and can also be used as additives for foods such as jelly, cakes and pies. Seed contains 2 1-25% oil, which can be used as edible oil, pectin can be extracted from fruit shell, natural purple pigment can be extracted from purple fruit shell, and fruit residue can be used as feed raw material. The leaves and vines of passion fruit plants can extract analgesics that have no side effects such as addiction.
At present, passion fruit concentrated juice is mainly sold to Europe, America and Southeast Asian countries in the international market. Products sell well, the supply is insufficient, and the supply is in short supply. From the perspective of domestic consumption potential, now is a good time to develop the passion fruit series product market.
Attachment: Cultivation techniques of passion fruit
(1) Selection of Planting Area and Garden
The planting area and soil garden of passion fruit should be selected from three main aspects.
Planting area: The planting development area of this project is in Panxi area, and the valley and Erbanshan area with an elevation of 600- 1600 m in Jinsha River and Anning River Basin and 800- 1800 m in Yalong River Basin can be selected. Among them, the altitude of the high line in the yellow fruit-type passion fruit planting development area should be reduced by 250-300 meters, and the annual average temperature should be above 18 degrees. The selection of passion fruit planting area is the basic condition of economic planting in this project, which can not be ignored and should be strictly controlled.
Site conditions Passion flower planting and development park should be planted in areas with convenient transportation, sunny and leeward, irrigation conditions, good drainage and thick soil layer.
Soil conditions: sandy loam with fertile soil, loose texture and good air permeability should be selected. Clay, tight sand, cold sand and places that are easy to be washed away are not suitable for planting or planting after improvement.
The pH value of the soil is 7. Neutral and slightly acidic below 0 are suitable.
(2) Soil preparation before setting value
Soil improvement in orchards is relatively concentrated. The sloping land is changed into terraced fields, and the terrace ground is more than 2 meters wide. At the same time, the orchard drainage and irrigation and road system are planned.
Dig holes with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 60 cm, apply 30-50 kg of weeds or organic fertilizer to each hole, and then cultivate the soil for later use.
(3) Fixed value of fruit seedlings
The planting period can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, with spring and autumn being the best.
The planting mode is mainly vertical fence, and the courtyard cultivation can be shed.
The planting density is 3× 2m. Planting per mu 1 1 1 plant.
Planting technology When planting seedlings, the old leaves should be cut off properly, and the nutrient bags should be dug out of the soil and not buried in the soil. When planting seedlings, mix well with a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to make planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten out the root system, fill the soil in layers and compact it. Water the roots in time after planting. In the newly dug planting hole, the root neck of seedlings is slightly higher than the ground 8- 10 cm when planting. After planting, sort out the tree tray and cover it with a small piece of film of 50×50 cm.
(4) Planting and erection of piles
Scaffolding materials are mainly cement piles, iron wires or aluminum wires, and wooden sticks and bamboo poles can also be used.
Spacing and number of planting brackets The spacing between cement poles and piles is 4m, which is drawn with passion fruit plants. The dosage per mu is 56. The cement pole is 220 cm long, the planting depth is 40-50 cm, the ground height is 180 cm, the lead wire or iron wire is double-layered, and the head height is 100 cm.
(5) young tree maintenance
After fertilization and water management, the seedlings should be irrigated and drained in time, and light fertilizer or foliar fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times. Foliage fertilizer can be sprayed with 400 times of Mao Bifeng solution.
When the young trees grow to 40-50 cm, they should be erected in time to pull the vines of the young trees to the shelf.
The method and technology of pruning young trees adopt the method of single main vine, two layers and four branches. When the main vine grows to 70-80 cm, leave two lateral vine branches and drag them on the shelf respectively to make the first main vine. When the plant grows to 150- 160 cm, 1 strong lateral branches are left, which are used as two layers of main branches together with the main spreading branches, and are pulled in opposite directions respectively, forming a two-layer four-branch rattan shape. During this period, all the lateral branches and budding branches below 80 cm and between 80- 160 cm of the main vine should be cut or erased.
Use 1000 times of Baiphosphorus No.3 EC, 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil or 1000 times of 50% carbendazim warm powder to strengthen pest control.