Method for plan cherry in greenhouse
1. The suitable varieties of cherry in greenhouse should choose excellent early-maturing varieties or middle-early-maturing varieties, or short-branched varieties and varieties with strong self-flowering. It is more suitable to choose Caiyang dwarf cherry as rootstock, and the plant spacing is 2.0-2.5 meters. 3.0-3.5 meters. The specific varieties vary from region to region.
2. The construction time of greenhouse vegetable greenhouse should be determined according to the conditions of greenhouse facilities and the time of fresh fruit market. Generally, in the third year after planting, when the plants form a certain number of flower buds, the greenhouse can be covered. Choose arched vegetable shed (quilt big arched shed), north-south direction, good lighting in the shed, uniform lighting, suitable for a single shed area of about 3 acres. The vegetable greenhouse construction time should be accurate, and the greenhouse construction should be carried out after the cherry trees naturally hibernate (roughly from late/kloc-0 to early February).
3. Temperature and humidity management before germination, with 18-20℃ during the day and 2-5℃ at night, and air relative humidity of 80%; The flowering period is 20-22℃ during the day, 5-7℃ at night, and the air relative humidity is 50-60%; After flowering to fruit expansion, the daytime temperature is 22-25℃, at night 10- 12℃, and the air relative humidity is 60%; The fruit is colored until the harvest time, at 22-25℃ during the day, 12- 15℃ at night, and the air relative humidity is 50%.
4. Flowering management Vegetable greenhouse planting is limited by the environmental conditions of vegetable greenhouse. Before the fruit harvesting period, the quality of leaves is poor, the photosynthetic capacity of leaves is low, and the fruit yield is high, which easily leads to nutrient depletion and plant death. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of flowering period, reasonable load and improve the storage and nutrition level of trees. ① Improve the fruit setting rate. The technical measures to improve the fruit-setting rate are as follows: from 10 day before flowering, fresh air is released at noon every sunny day, so that the flower organs can undergo exercise as soon as possible and receive certain direct sunlight to improve the quality of flower bud development; Artificial pollination can be carried out from flowering to the third day after flowering, but pollination on the same day is the best; Bee pollination; Spray 50 in full bloom? 10-6GA3 or 300 times rare earth micro-fertilizer can effectively improve the fruit setting rate; After flowering 10 days, the new shoots should be cored in time to prevent the growth of new shoots and young fruits from competing for nutrients, which has a significant effect on improving the fruit setting rate. ② Sparse flower buds. We should master the principles of thinning flower buds, such as thinning late flowers, weak flowers and thinning branches. 3 thin fruit. Fruit thinning should be carried out after physiological fruit dropping, and the degree of fruit thinning depends on the fruit setting of the whole plant. Generally, a bunch of short fruit branches leave 3-4 fruits, with a maximum of 4-5. When thinning fruit, we should pay attention to the small and weak fruit, and let the fruit be horizontal or upward. ④ Promote fruit swelling and coloring. Spraying amino acid compound micro-fertilizer on leaves before calyx removal after flowering can significantly improve leaf quality and chlorophyll content, increase leaf thickness, improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote fruit expansion and coloring. During the fruit coloring period, remove the leaves that block the sunshine of the fruit, and pay special attention to the leaves on the shaded fruit tips, but pay attention to the photosynthetic products of the leaves on the fruit tips that affect the formation of flower buds in the next year, and don't pick too many leaves; In order to improve fruit coloring, a reflective film can be laid under the tree crown 10- 15 days before fruit harvesting to increase light reflection under the tree crown and promote fruit coloring.
5. The light condition of greenhouse vegetable shaping and pruning is poor, so it is advisable to use delayed heart-shaped or spindle-shaped with good light; Complete the annual pruning task in summer; Pull branches before greenhouse construction and adjust the branch angle; Picking new buds continuously for a long time to control vigorous growth.
Cherry greenhouse propagation method
Seedling raising method
After the cherry is harvested, the peel and pulp are cut to take out the stone, and the pulp attached to the stone is washed away with clear water, and then the cherry is dried in the shade for 1 ~ 2 days before sowing. When sowing, the seeds are directly sown in shallow pots, and germinate about 10 ~ 30 days after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 250 px, transplant them into plastic soft pots. Cherry seeds are easy to germinate, but the germination is irregular. Some plants often lack viable embryos, and the germination rate is often lower than 30%. The results of seedling raising method are late and the quality difference between seedlings is great.
Cutting method
In the spring and summer growth period, select semi-mature robust branches with a diameter of 0.7~30px and a length of 15 ~ 500px, and insert them into river sand, vermiculite, peat soil or several mixtures, which are all suitable as seedbed substrates, especially the cuttings should be kept moist and shaded. Rooting takes about 1.5 ~ 2 months after cutting, and transplanting is carried out after the root group grows vigorously. If face-to-face management is adopted, the survival rate is about 60 ~ 90%. The cutting method is simple and the success rate is the highest.
High altitude stratification method
Select branches for more than two years, and peel them annularly at the lower part near the node (destroy the phloem of this part and promote the cambium rooting above this part), then put wet wool into a transparent plastic bag to wrap the whole wound, and tie the upper and lower ends together. When it takes root, it is cut below the layering position and potted into new plants. Generally, cherry is selected in the vigorous growth period (late spring and early summer), which is easy to take root. Although rooting is easy, the effect varies from variety to variety.
Grafting method
Cherry grafting takes cherry seedlings, cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms, etc. As rootstock, excellent cherry varieties as scions are selected before germination in spring. The best rootstocks and scions are the same or similar in thickness and can be used for splitting or butting. When grafting by split grafting, the upper part of the selected grafting part on the rootstock is cut off with sharp scissors, and the remaining branches are also cut off. Heap? Split with a knife, the opening is about 2-3 cm deep and the scion is long.
10 cm is suitable. Cut the scion in half quickly. Wedge? And then inserted into the slit; After the molding layer is aligned, it shall be firmly bound with plastic film strips, and there shall be no air holes. First of all, put it in a cool and ventilated place, sprinkle water on the ground to keep the environment high and humid, or use plastic bags to keep it moist, and then ventilate it in time according to the temperature change, so as not to let the temperature in the bag be too high. Plastic bags should be removed when new buds grow. Move the plants to a sunny place. It is wise to water between dry and wet.
Prevention and control methods of freezing injury of cherry planting in greenhouse
Freeze injury of cherry and its control measures
First, early freezing injury occurs, mostly around the dormant Spring Festival, mainly because of extreme low temperature, which causes flower buds to suffer or trees to die. Early freezing injury is closely related to late management and tree nutrition of big cherry.
Second, the late freezing injury mostly occurs in the period from the germination to the young fruit of the big cherry, which is the sudden cooling or frost after the temperature rises, so that the flowers or young fruits are harmed. The late freezing injury is closely related to the site conditions of big cherry.
(1) to choose a good plot when building a garden.
② Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Should we apply more organic fertilizer, sufficient autumn base fertilizer, protect the leaves, and pour frozen water before freezing? Improve the frost resistance of trees. Increase the nutrient reserves of trees. Strengthen drainage and flood control work? Prevent trees from weakening.
(3) Painting: spray the whole tree or daub the big branches with 10% lime water in winter. Prevent from rising too fast and suddenly cooling down.
(4) water or smoke, after cherry germination, always pay attention to the weather changes. If a low-temperature frost is predicted, the orchard should be fully watered immediately, or grass should be piled and smoked in the orchard before the frost to buffer the freezing injury.
Late frost and its preventive measures
Cherry blossoms are often susceptible to late frost, especially in low-lying areas like cherry orchard.
Preventive and control measures are:
1. Choose a suitable garden to build a garden. Choose places with sunny lee, gentle terrain and good soil, fertilizer and water conditions, and avoid valleys, basins and low-lying areas.
2. The dosage of Kang Kai per mu can be10g mixed with water100kg, which can effectively prevent freezing injury.
3. Sprinkling water outside the roots before frost can effectively adjust the temperature of the orchard and prevent and reduce freezing injury.
Smoke should be smoked artificially before the frost comes. Smoking can not only increase the temperature of the orchard by 2-4 degrees, but also prevent the radiation of geothermal energy through the smoke screen, thus slowing down the temperature of the orchard and avoiding or reducing the harm.
5. Preparation and use of whitening agent for trunk, trunk smearing? Five mixtures? It has obvious heat preservation and anti-freezing effects. Specifically, it is made of quicklime 10kg+ salt 2kg+ sulfur powder 1kg+ animal and vegetable oil 0. 1kg+ water 20 kg. Before preparation, use 1/2 water to hydrate calcium lime and salt respectively, remove ash, add sulfur powder and animal and vegetable oil, and stir evenly. Matters needing attention in planting cherry in greenhouse