Jasminum nudiflorum, also known as jasminum giraldii, is native to Yunnan, China. I like warmth, humidity and sunshine, but I'm afraid of cold and stagnant water. I am slightly tolerant to shade and drought, and the acid sandy loam with good drainage and high fertility is the best.

Propagation cultivation

Cutting is the main method, and layering and ramet propagation can also be used. Cutting can be done in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. Layering: Bury the longer branches in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant them separately from the mother plant in the next spring. The division of plants can be carried out when they sprout in spring. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. During the growth process, pay attention to the fact that the soil can't accumulate water and be excessively dry, and properly fertilize 2-3 times before and after flowering. Prune and reshape in autumn and winter to keep more new flowers. Pests and diseases often occur leaf spot disease and dead branch disease, and 1500 times of 50% bactericidal wettable powder can be sprayed. Insect pests do great harm to aphids and giant salamander, spraying 50% phoxim EC 1000 times.

narcissus

Narcissus is a kind of herbaceous flower, also known as Jinzhan Yintou, Yulingya Garlic and so on. It originated in Fujian and Zhejiang in China, and now it has spread all over the country and all over the world. Narcissus is beautiful, green, fragrant, exquisite and elegant, and has become one of the world-famous indoor furnishings in winter.

Narcissus likes sunshine and warmth, has high requirements on temperature, is not too cold-resistant, and is afraid of heat. In the vegetative growth period, it needs moist sandy soil without stagnant water. Narcissus is different from other perennial herbs. It has the characteristics of autumn growth, winter flowering, spring storage of nutrients and summer dormancy.

There are two ways to cultivate narcissus: hydroponics and soil culture.

Hydroponics means shallow pot immersion culture. Specifically, in the middle and late June of 10 or the early October of 1 165438 10, plump bulbs are selected, and a cross-shaped incision is made at the upper end of the bulbs with a knife to facilitate the extraction of buds in the bulbs. Then, the bulbs are soaked in clean water for one day, and then the bulbs are wiped off after being taken out.

Soil culture is to cultivate daffodils with most soil-moistening flowers. In the middle and late June, 10, large bulbs were planted in small flowerpots with holes in fertile sand, and half of them were exposed. Put some fine sand under the fish scales in advance to facilitate drainage. Put the flowerpot in a room with suitable temperature and plenty of sunshine. The optimum temperature is 4-65438 02℃. If the temperature is too low, frostbite is easy to occur. If the temperature is too high and the light is insufficient, it is easy to grow steeply, the plants are slender and the flowering time is short, which reduces the ornamental value. If the requirements of light and temperature are met in management, the leaves will be enlarged and the flowers will be stout, so that the flowers will be large and fragrant for a long time. Daffodils cultivated in soil can be topdressed with liquid fertilizer two or three times before flowering.

Narcissus can't reproduce because of limited climatic conditions.

Cultivation of narcissus, if there are no pests and diseases, does not need to spread drugs.

pomegranate

Morphological characteristics: deciduous shrubs or small trees, 5-7 meters high. The crown of a tree is usually irregular.

Habit: I like sunshine and warm climate, and have a certain cold tolerance. I like fertile, moist and well-drained calcareous soil, and I have a certain drought tolerance. I can grow on flat land and hillside.

Ornamental features: pomegranate trees are graceful, with green and shiny leaves, bright colors like fire and long flowering period. It is best to plant in clusters in natural scenic spots.

camellia

Camellia is an evergreen broad-leaved shrub. Leaves alternate, leathery, oval, serrated, dark green. Flowers are solitary or 2 ~ 3 flowers are inserted at the top of branches or between axils of leaves. Single or semi-double flowers. Double valve. Common varieties are single petal dawn, wrinkled flower and pure white; Golden light, white flowers, pink lines and fine spots; Big flower with golden heart, big red flower, flower diameter 6 ~ 7 cm; Semidouble Sailuoyang, with red flowers and white spots; Large pine nuts with crimson flowers; Drunk Yang Fei, with pink flowers; Star peach peony, pink flowers. The double petals are white Zhu Bao with pure white flowers; Red hibiscus, oleander red; Flower hibiscus, white flowers and red lines; Flower pearls, pink with irregular red stripes; Five cranes hold the ball, and the flowers are red; Flower Buddha tripod, big red flowers, a small amount of white spots; Bachelor of Red Eighteen with red flowers; Red lead, the flowers are big red; Flower crane feathers, reddish flowers with white spots.

Cutting propagation: the most suitable time is around the middle of June and the end of August. Semi-mature branches with abundant external tissues, complete leaves and full leaf buds were selected as cuttings, with a length of 8 ~ 10 cm and two leaves at the top. When cutting, try to take some old branches at the base, and it is easy to form callus and take root quickly after cutting. The cuttings were cut in the morning, and they should be inserted with the cuttings, and the matrix should be about 3 cm. When cutting, ask the leaves to meet each other, and then press them with your fingers. It is best to insert it shallowly, so that it is breathable and heals quickly. The bed should be shaded and sprayed with leaves every day to keep it moist. The temperature should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃, and it will start to heal about 3 weeks after transplanting and take root after 6 weeks. When the roots grow to 3 ~ 4 cm, transplant them to the upper pot. Soaking the base of cuttings with 0.4% ~ 0.5% indolebutyric acid solution for 2 ~ 5s can obviously promote rooting.

Grafting propagation: it is often used for cutting varieties with difficulty in rooting or few propagation materials. The survival rate of grafting is the highest when the new buds are semi-qualitative in May-June, and the new buds germinate quickly after grafting. Camellia oleifera is the main rootstock, which was harvested in June+10 in 5438, stored in sand in winter and sown in early April of the following year. When the seedlings grow to 4 ~ 5 cm, they can be grafted. Cut off the germ part of the rootstock with a blade, split it vertically upwards along the pith center of the cross section of the embryonic axis, then take a section of camellia scion, cut the base below this section into a right-angled wedge shape, immediately insert the cut scion into the bottom of the split part of the rootstock, align it with the cambium on both sides, tie it tightly with cotton thread, and put on a clean plastic bag. It takes about 40 days to remove the pocket, and about 60 days to germinate and sprout.

Layered propagation: Choose 1 annual healthy branches in rainy season, which are 20 cm away from the top, annularly peeled, with the width of 1 cm, bound with humus, wrapped with plastic film, take root in about 60 days, and can be directly potted after cutting, with high survival rate.

Sowing propagation: suitable for single-petal or semi-double-petal varieties. 65438+ seed1can be sown when it matures in the middle of October. Suitable for shallow sowing, vermiculite as substrate, covering 6 mm, room temperature 2 1℃, light 10 hour every night, can promote seed germination, and the seedling height can reach 8 cm within 30 days after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, they should be transplanted.

Tissue culture and propagation: The explants are common seedlings. After routine disinfection, it was cut into pieces with the length of 1 cm, inoculated on MS medium supplemented with kinetin 1 mg/L, 6- benzylamino adenine 1 mg/L and indoleacetic acid 0. 1 mg/L, and cultured for 4 weeks, only callus was formed, but no buds were formed. After transferring to a new medium, a single branch of 4 cm began to form, then it was soaked in 0.5 mg/L indolebutyric acid solution for 20 minutes, then transferred to 1/2MS medium, and took root after 4 weeks. After growing on long-root medium for 8 weeks, the seedlings were transplanted into flowerpots filled with perlite and peat.

osmanthus flowers

Also known as osmanthus fragrans, osmanthus fragrans

This family and genus belong to Osmanthus of Oleaceae.

Jingui, a common variety, has golden yellow flowers, rich fragrance and large flowers, which open every autumn; Silver laurel, with white to light yellow flowers, blooms later than Jingui, and its fragrance and flowering quantity are not as good as Jingui; Dangui, with orange-red flowers, is lighter than Yin Gui; Osmanthus fragrans in four seasons, with milky yellow flowers, fragrance and long flowering period. Except for high temperature or cold, it can only bloom at other times, which is the most popular variety in the market.

Origin and growth habits originated in China, mainly distributed in southwest and south-central China. They belong to temperate flowers, like warm and humid climate, can't stand the cold environment below 0℃, and it's not easy to open when the temperature is higher than 38℃. Like strong light, when the light is not strong (such as indoors), only long leaves are difficult to bloom, but a little shading at noon in summer is beneficial to their growth. The root system is afraid of long-term water accumulation, and water will rot the root.

Magnolia purpurea

Magnolia of Magnoliaceae

Scientific name: Mulan.

Alias: Mulan, Xinyi, Mu Bi

English name: Lily Mulan

Division name:

Deciduous shrubs, 3 ~ 5 meters high, often clustered. Buds have gray-brown hairs; Branchlets are purplish brown. The leaves are obovate or oval-ovoid, with a length of10-18cm and a width of 4-10cm. The top is acute or acuminate, the base is cuneate, and the back is pilose along the veins. Flowers bloom first or rarely at the same time as leaves, large and bell-shaped; Calyx lobes 3, lanceolate, purple-brown, 2-3 cm long; 6 petals, oblong and obovate, 8- 10 cm long, purple or purplish red outside and white inside; Filaments and carpels are purplish red; Flowers live 1, top, slightly curved. Aggregate fruit oblong, 7- 10 cm long, light brown. The flowering period is April-May.

Originated in Hubei, it is widely planted in various places. Light-loving, cold-resistant. Usually planted in the garden for viewing, it can also be used as the rootstock for grafting magnolia. The flower bud is called "magnolia flower" in medicine.

Bark, leaves and flowers can be extracted into aromatic extracts; Bud is used as medicine to treat headache and sinusitis, which has the effect of lowering blood pressure. Flowers contain volatile oil and a small amount of alkaloids.

Potting and medicinal use of Magnolia grandiflora

Magnolia grandiflora is a deciduous shrub of Magnoliaceae. Planting in the ground is 3-5 meters high, and potted plants are 1- 1.5 meters high. Often clustered, with obovate or oval leaves. Flowers are solitary at the top of branches, bell-shaped, with 9 perianth, 3 in a row, purple or purplish red. In spring, flowers bloom first, and then leaves or leaves are put together.

Magnolia grandiflora can be planted in the ground or in flowerpots. The key points of potted plants are as follows:

Potted soil

Magnolia likes loose and fertile acidic and slightly acidic soil, and it can be cultivated by mixing humus soil and vegetable garden soil in equal amount, and adding 50 ~150g of bone meal or NPK compound fertilizer to the soil. The basin should be slightly deeper and larger. Put some broken hard plastic foam blocks at the bottom of the basin to strengthen ventilation and drainage to prevent root rot. Turn over the pots and change the soil once a year or every other year after flowering, and keep the soil of 1/2 ~ 1/3.

Fecal fluid

Magnolia likes humidity and is afraid of waterlogging, so it is very important to water it in time. When spring begins to bloom, the soil in the basin remains moist, but it is not. After flowering, the basin soil is kept moist and does not accumulate water; After defoliation, the pot soil can remain slightly wet and not dry. Drought or water accumulation is not allowed at any time, especially in rainy season.

Magnolia likes fertilizer, so we should seize two key opportunities of fertilization, February before flowering and May after flowering, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer every ten days or so. The former makes buds swell and flowers open, while the latter promotes more pregnant buds and more spring flowers in the coming year. Apply phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizer once in winter and defoliation period to enhance its ability to resist cold and winter, and apply less or no fertilizer at other times. Avoid applying nitrogen fertilizer alone.

Illumination temperature

Magnolia grandiflora likes light and is placed in sunny courtyards and roof gardens. It is often seen that the sun grows vigorously, but it can grow under the condition of semi-overcast, but it is very thin and there are few flowers, so there are no flowers on cloudy days. Cold-tolerant, Beijing and its south area can overwinter outdoors.

decrease

The roots of Magnolia grandiflora have strong germination ability. If you don't need to breed, you should cut with the length, leaving 3 stems in each pot. For branches that are too high and too long, they can be cut short just after flowering. Because of its poor healing ability, it should be coated with sulfur powder to prevent corrosion after cutting, and it is not necessary to trim it. If you don't need to keep seeds for reproduction after flowering, cut off the residual flowers with pedicels.

type

The method of dividing plants is commonly used. After flowering, pour out the plants by turning over the pots and changing the soil, cut off the new buds with roots with sharp scissors or knives, and plant them separately.

peony

Sexual preference is sunny, dry and cool, without high temperature in summer and not too cold in winter. Deep loam with good drainage, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.0 ~ 7.5) or clay loam rich in humus are needed. Generally, embryos can germinate at the low temperature of 1 ~ 10℃ for 2 ~ 3 months. Seedling growth is slow, and it will take about 4 ~ 5 years to blossom. 6 ~ 15 years old peony is the strongest. In Luoyang, China, when the temperature rises to 3 ~ 6℃ in spring, flower buds begin to sprout and appear. When the temperature is above 6℃, the branches and leaves grow and bloom in April-May. After the flowers wither, the lower axillary buds will begin to differentiate into flower buds, which will be completed in autumn. The blade tip is not easy to lignify, and it is easy to dry up in dry and cold areas in winter.

Cultivation techniques The best season for planting peony in South China is around mid-June, 5438+ 10. When planting, the base fertilizer should be placed at the bottom of the dug groove (pit) (bedding 3-4 cm), and the roots of seedlings should be spread out and filled with fine soil. After righting, you don't need to step on the surface, and then pour the root water. After that, there is no need to water it, unless it is very dry.

Before and after the daily management in rainy season, you can loosen the soil and topdressing, clean and disinfect the peony buds, erase the redundant flower (leaf) buds, and cut off the weak branches (1 ~ 2 flower buds and 3 ~ 4 leaf buds per branch). If nematodes are found in the roots, they can be treated by root irrigation. Because there is too much rain during the flowering period, it is necessary to build a sunshade to prevent the flowers from falling off due to wind and rain. Shading during the day can reduce the temperature and prolong the flowering period. Shading in summer is beneficial to the formation of flower buds and inhibits autumn hair.

September-10 is the best planting season for potted plants. Potted peony should choose varieties with strong adaptability, early flowering and good flower pattern, such as Luoyanghong, Hong Hu and Zhao Fen. Plants should choose peony as rootstock, 3-4-year-old peony or 3-5 branch seedlings.

When potted, the bottom of the basin can be covered with 3-5 cm thick coarse sand or pebbles to facilitate drainage. Potted soil should be a mixture of yellow sand and cake fertilizer, or a culture soil mixed with fully decomposed manure, garden soil and coarse sand at the ratio of1:1. Filling makes the roots stretch, not curl; After covering the soil, it should be compacted by hand, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil and easy to survive. After the pot is put on, water it once and put it in the shade to slow down the seedlings. After it is transferred to normal management, it can be placed in a sunny place to ensure sufficient sunshine. Always loosen the soil during the growing period and apply compound fertilizer every half a month or so. Peony in the new pot should not be fertilized, especially avoid applying thick fertilizer, otherwise the fleshy roots will rot and die. After half a year, you can gradually apply some thin fertilizer, such as decomposed chicken manure water or bean water, with a ratio of fertilizer to water of 20%-30%. The peony in the new pot may not bloom well in the first year, but it can bloom every year after 1-2 years. Peony blooms in the middle and late April of a year, and liquid fertilizer can be applied 1-2 times before flowering; Topdressing liquid fertilizer 1-2 times half a month after flowering; In dog days, sesame sauce residue (about 40-50g per pot) can be applied with 1 times dry fertilizer, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation.

Peony is a fleshy root, slightly resistant to drought and most afraid of water accumulation. Therefore, proper watering is the key to the success or failure of potted peony. Peony leaving the house in early spring should be watered and fertilized first, then watered, and then loosened after the water is slightly dry. In the future, it is necessary to water the soil timely and properly according to the weather and soil conditions, and keep the soil moist frequently, which is beneficial to the growth and flowering of peony. Reasonable watering should be dry but not wet, and should not be watered to prevent water accumulation, so as to avoid rotten roots and fallen leaves.

When peony blossoms, it can be covered in the shed or temporarily placed indoors to avoid direct sunlight and prolong the flowering period. The terminal bud of the main branch is a leaf bud, so it should be picked to avoid unnecessary growth and affect flowering. In order to make peony bloom brightly, it can be sprayed on leaves with 0.5%- 1% dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times during flowering. After the peony flower withers, it should be pruned once, and the residual flowers and pedicels should be cut off in time to prevent fruiting, and the 1-2 lateral buds in the stem should be reserved to make the plant grow vigorously and ensure the next year's flowering.

Peony is cold-resistant, but in cold areas such as North China and around beginning of winter, it should be moved indoors and placed in the sunny place indoors, and the room temperature can be kept at about 0 degrees. It is not advisable to leave the house early in the following year, and it is necessary to leave the house before and after Qingming. In the not-too-cold area, the flowerpot can be buried in the soil in the hidden wind, so that the surface of the flowerpot is flush with the ground, thus maintaining the humidity and temperature of the flowerpot soil and ensuring the peony to survive the winter safely. After the peony blooms in the next spring, the peony is dug out of the ground with a flowerpot for normal management.

Primula plants

Cyclamen doesn't like too much water. Too much water will rot the roots. When cyclamen is short of water, the leaves will wither and droop, just water them. Some people are afraid that cyclamen is short of water. When watering flowers, not only do you water them too much at a time, but there will also be water in the pot under the flowerpot, which is not good for the growth of cyclamen. If there is water in the basin, it will cause cyclamen to rot, so if there is water in the basin, it must be dumped. At the temperature of 17- 18℃, it is enough to water cyclamen every three days, and master the principle of dry and thorough watering. In addition, be careful not to spray water on the leaves and flowers of cyclamen.

Cyclamen likes light but is afraid of strong light. It's just that there is weak light every day. Don't expose yourself to the sun at noon. Cyclamen flowers bloom and fall, which is related to insufficient light and fertilization. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that most of the cyclamen sold in the provincial flower market are put on the market with professional fertilizers and watered with softened water, so the cultivated flowers are particularly gorgeous, but it also poses a problem for the majority of flower farmers: cyclamen is difficult to raise. The crux of the problem is that cyclamen, which has been applied with professional fertilizer, must continue to apply professional fertilizer and pour softened water after being bought back by the public, otherwise it will be difficult to raise it well. It is suggested that flower lovers who raise cyclamen should water their flowers with pure water or boiled water that has been cold all day, and apply professional fertilizer every half month (available at the flower market).

Cyclamen has the habit of dormancy when it enters summer. In June, the leaves of cyclamen turned yellow and fell behind. At this time, take the flower ball out of the flowerpot, put it in a plastic bag and put it in the refrigerator to spend the summer. Pay attention to the temperature of the refrigerator should not be lower than 0℃. After beginning of autumn, the bulbs were taken out, the old roots and dead leaves were picked and replanted in flowerpots. When new leaves began to sprout, normal water and fertilizer management gradually resumed.