Scientific name Changguomu
Alias longan and yizhi
This family belongs to Sapindaceae and Sapindaceae.
Longan, also known as longan, is warm and sweet, benefiting the heart and spleen, and replenishing qi and blood; Has good nourishing and nourishing effects, and can be used for treating insomnia, amnesia, fright, dizziness and other symptoms caused by deficiency of both heart and spleen and deficiency of qi and blood.
Features and characteristics evergreen trees, tall trees. Most of them are even pinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets are opposite or alternate; Panicle terminal or axillary; The fruit is spherical and the seeds are black and shiny. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is from July to August. Like temperature and avoid freezing, the average annual temperature is 20 ~ 22℃, which is sensitive to low temperature; Generally, the annual average temperature is < 17.5 ~ 18℃, the Leng Yue average temperature is < 10℃, and the absolute low temperature is
Wild longan is a common tree species in semi-evergreen monsoon forest in hilly plateau of southwest Hainan. The annual average temperature in the distribution area is 24-26℃, and the annual precipitation is 900-1700 mm. Like dry and hot habitats, in the process of annual growth and development, winter and spring (11-April) need the temperature of 18-25℃ and suitable drought, and summer. As a light-loving tree, seedlings are not tolerant of excessive shading, and mature trees need plenty of sunshine. Natural regeneration is good, belonging to deep-rooted tree species, which can take root and grow in arid and barren soil. Strong germination, and the stumps that have been cut or burned can germinate and renew quickly. Natural growth is slow. The 83-year-old tree is only 20.2 meters high and DBH is 27 cm. It blooms in March-April and matures in July-August.
Distribution: Longan is produced in the south and southwest of China. At present, longan is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other provinces (regions). In addition, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces also have small-scale cultivation. Longan is planted in Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Queensland, Australia, Hawaii and Florida.
Pharmacological research shows that longan contains many nutrients such as glucose, sucrose, vitamins A and B, among which protein, fat and various minerals are more. These nutrients are very necessary for the human body. Especially for hard-working people, it is more effective to consume sad temper and blood.
Longan can treat weakness or mental decline after illness. It is also suitable for women's postpartum makeup. Li Shizhen recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Litchi is the most expensive food, and longan is the best resource". I admire longan more.
Variety: Dawuyuan, Shi Xia, Yanfu, Chuliang, Yan Guang.
Functional longan is rich in nutrition and is a precious nutritional fortifier. Besides being eaten raw, fruits can also be made into canned food, wine, sauce, sauce and so on. , can also be processed into dried meat in longan. In addition, the leaves, flowers, roots and cores of longan can be used as medicine. Longan tree has hard wood and delicate texture. It is the raw material for making high-grade furniture and can be carved into various exquisite handicrafts.
The breeding period is from July to August, and the fruit is mature and yellow-brown. The life span of seeds is very short. Remove the aril after shelling, and sow immediately after washing with clear water. When the height of seedlings is 8- 10 cm, the seedlings are planted in separate beds or moved into nutrient bags in spring rain or autumn, and the seedling age is six months or 1 year. The forest land is selected in the hilly platform below 500 meters above sea level. Cultivated varieties must be propagated by grafting.
Protection in longan breeding, wild longan is a valuable germplasm resource. Wood has a fine and firm structure, is extremely resistant to corrosion and moth, and is a solid industrial material, which is suitable for vehicles, ships, bridges, water conservancy, furniture and other materials. Fruit is edible.
It is suggested that semi-evergreen monsoon forest, which is undamaged and widely distributed, should be designated as wild longan nature reserve, and seed orchards should be established in nearby state-owned forest farms to provide germplasm resources for cultivation and breeding.
The famous longan is a fruit in southern China, mainly produced in Guangdong and Guangxi. Together with litchi, banana and pineapple, they are the four precious fruits in southern China. Its tree is one or two feet high, with long and slightly smaller leaves and white flowers, which became a reality in early autumn. In fact, it was a heavy fall and its shape was round and rolling. For example, the projectile is slightly smaller than litchi, and the skin is green and brown. Peeling crystal white, faintly visible inside the red and black stones, very similar to the eyes, hence the name "longan".
Quanzhou is one of the main longan producing areas in China, which has been rich in longan since ancient times. Quanzhou people generally call longan fresh fruit longan, which is a roasted longan. Merchants often refer to both as "longan".
Longan originated in the south of China in history, and its cultivation history can be traced back to the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. Qi Yao Min Shu in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) said: "Longan is a mystery and a comparison." Because it matures in the season when osmanthus trees are fragrant, it is commonly known as longan. It was listed as an important tribute in ancient times. Wei Wendi (535-55 1) once wrote to his ministers: "Longan and litchi are rare fruits in the south, so please pay tribute to the old people."
Longan was widely planted in Quanzhou in Song Dynasty.
Su Song, a native of Tongan County, quanzhou county in the Northern Song Dynasty, recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica (106 1): "Longan was born in the valley of the South China Sea, and litchi is distributed in Fujian, Guangzhou and Sichuan today.
Wang Zan Guiyuan, the secretariat of Quanzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "There is no light red sweeping the floor, and thousands of trees are whistling. Just like a puzzle that is not a medicine, the taste is really servile than lychee. "
Huang Ming Zhao Zhong's "Eight Min Tong Zhi" describes: "The longan tree is like a plum branch, but its leaves are small and its skin is yellow-brown. Longan is ripe as soon as the litchi branch passes, so southerners call it litchi branch slave. There are all counties in Quanzhou, and counties (now Licheng District and Fengze District) are especially prosperous. "
In "Shu Min" written by Quanzhou Ren He in the Ming Dynasty, "there are lychee longan in the garden, and the trip to the world is dried."
Quanzhou longan has a long history of grafting propagation. Grafting propagation of longan is recorded in Bo (1597) and Deng Daoxie (1628). In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhou Lianggong's Notes on Fujian (1666— 1668) and Guo Baicang's Records of Fujian's Production are different in types and are still in use today. The old method is to fill the soil with hanging bowls. There are many varieties of longan in Quanzhou with different flavors. There are more than 50 famous varieties such as Puming Anben and Hon Hai Er Benben. Longan, the most acclaimed pioneer, 1993 Gold Award of China Agricultural Fair.
"Dongbi" longan originated from the corner of the original Dongbi Temple next to the East Tower of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, hence the name. Her mother was planted by monks in Kaiyuan Temple during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573- 1620) and died in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression for more than 300 years. There is an ancient longan tree in Chengtian Temple in Quanzhou, which has a history of more than 200 years. It is the oldest tree in the eyes of the existing "Dongbi" dragon. Today, "Dongbi" longan is widely propagated in Quanzhou and other longan producing areas in the province. Legend has it that in the early days of Xianyou, a monk took "East Wall" longan seedlings from Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou and planted them in Xianyou. Now, 20,000 adult trees have been cultivated and named as "Quanzhou Ben", but the quality is not as good as the original "Dongbi" longan.
"Dongbi" longan is of good quality. Its skin has a pale yellow tiger pattern, which is called "flower shell" by Ren Quan, which is the most remarkable difference between its appearance and other longan varieties. "East wall" longan, also known as "candied melon honey", has pale white flesh, transparent if frozen, thick and tender, sweet and delicious, with the characteristics of "paper is not wet, dust can not afford sand", which is called the treasure of the fruit.
There is also a kind of "lucky eye", formerly known as "tiger eye". "Quanzhou Prefecture Records" records that "a great man is famous for his tiger eyes". The sound of "tiger" and "blessing" in spring language is similar, so "blessing eye" is used instead of "tiger eye" to take its auspicious and beautiful meaning. Yanfu is the main cultivated variety in Quanzhou, which has been cultivated for more than 800 years. He has won the International Paris Tourism Food Gold Award and the China Agricultural Fair Quality Award. In recent years, longan has been planted in all producing areas in the province, which is the largest variety planted in our province. It is said that the big longan planted in Taiwan Province is also called "Yan Fu" by local compatriots.
Longan medicinal longan is longan (longan, longan meat). Different from litchi, which belongs to damp heat, longan can be used as medicine, which has many functions such as strengthening yang and benefiting qi, nourishing heart and strengthening spleen, nourishing blood and calming nerves, moistening skin and beautifying face, and can be used to treat anemia, palpitation, insomnia, amnesia, neurasthenia, physical weakness after illness and postpartum.