properly handling the relationship between decentralization and strengthening management and services, and stimulating the creative vitality of the market and society

decentralization and strengthening management and services are two aspects of transforming government functions. The purpose of decentralization is to make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and stimulate the creative vitality of market players; The purpose of strengthening management and services is to give full play to the role of the government and shift the focus of government work to creating a good development environment, providing high-quality public services and maintaining social fairness and justice. Dealing with the relationship between decentralization and strengthening management and services is not only an inevitable requirement to promote stable economic growth and economic transformation, but also an important measure to strengthen the government's own construction and improve its governance capacity.

in order to enhance the vitality of the market and society and stimulate the development momentum, the government must resolutely release, put in place and thoroughly release the power that should be released, and cannot be timid and afraid to act because it is worried that it will be easy to be chaotic. The "Decision" pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the direction of market-oriented reform, "further simplify administration and decentralize power, deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, minimize the central government's management of micro-affairs, and cancel the examination and approval of economic activities that can be effectively regulated by the market mechanism." We should comprehensively deepen the reform, return the matters that should be decided by enterprises to enterprises, return the matters that should be decided by the market to the market, break all kinds of "glass doors", "spring doors" and "revolving doors" that affect fair access and fair competition, and ensure equal rights, opportunities and rules for all kinds of market participants.

to handle the relationship between different levels of government and give full play to the enthusiasm of all levels

to transform government functions, it is necessary to make an overall plan, consider it from top to bottom, and do a good job in the whole article on the transformation of government functions from the central government to local governments at all levels. It not only maintains the authority of the central government and the decrees of the higher authorities, but also gives play to the enthusiasm of local and grass-roots units; It not only prevents unification from dying, but also prevents chaos when it is released; Adhere to a game of chess, but also give full consideration to regional differences, pay attention to differential treatment and classified guidance, and leave reasonable space for local conditions. The allocation of functions between governments at different levels should follow the principle of synchronization of power and responsibility according to actual needs, and the collection should be made and the decentralization should be made, so as to form an intergovernmental function division system with consistent powers and responsibilities and matching powers and financial resources, so as to avoid the asymmetric distribution of rights, responsibilities and benefits due to the downward shift of powers and the upward shift of financial power, and strengthen the ability of local governments at lower levels to perform their functions and assume corresponding responsibilities.

it is necessary to "strengthen the central government's macro-control responsibilities and capabilities". This is because macro-control is overall and strategic. The central government has advantages in judging the development trend, comprehensively using various policy means to regulate the economic and social operation, and coordinating the current and long-term development, development and reform, economy and society, and regional development. It is necessary to ensure the smooth flow of central government decrees. China is a unitary country, which implements the system of unified leadership by the central government and hierarchical management by local governments. The decision-making and deployment of the central government to transform government functions must be carried out in a unified pace and to the letter. We should not let go of the examination and approval items that have been delegated, but should strengthen supervision afterwards and urge local, grassroots and social organizations to effectively catch and manage them.

handle the relationship between "slimming" and "strengthening" and optimize the government organization

The Decision points out that "the transformation of government functions must deepen institutional reform." At present, the total amount of institutional establishment is already very large, overlapping, inefficient, unreasonable in structure, and the institutional establishment resources are not properly allocated. On the one hand, areas that have been weakened have not been "slimmed down" in time, and there are too many idle posts and people are overstaffed; On the other hand, "only slimming but not strengthening", some key areas and key links that need to be strengthened are not staffed enough, and the management of this management is not enough, or even nobody is in charge. Governments at all levels should attach great importance to this issue and further deepen institutional reform, which should not only "slim down" but also "strengthen the body".

"A thousand lines above, a needle below". Now some organs are very big on the top and very thin on the bottom, becoming ostriches. Local governments at all levels should make up their minds to strengthen and weaken, especially to strengthen the grassroots and strengthen the front line, make overall consideration of "slimming" the higher authorities and "strengthening" the front line at the grassroots level, and adjust the organizational structure to provide practical protection for the work and life of grassroots cadres. To adapt to the new requirements that government management has changed from pre-approval to post-event supervision, we should shift the focus of market supervision down, strengthen the market supervision function and personnel strength of city and county governments, establish a horizontal and vertical supervision network, and gradually make it sparse and not leaking, and control it in place.

properly handling the relationship between reasonable empowerment and effective checks and balances, and strengthening the power operation restriction and supervision system

Whether the power allocation is scientific, whether the operation is coordinated and whether the supervision is effective is an important symbol to judge the development level of political civilization in a country and a region. The current power structure not only has the problem of decentralized functions and "water control in Kowloon", but also has the tendency of power departmentalization and departmental interests. There are not only problems of cumbersome procedures and low efficiency, but also problems of insufficient openness and transparency and poor supervision. The "Decision" pointed out that "a power operation system with scientific decision-making, firm implementation and strong supervision must be built" and "a scientific and effective power restriction and coordination mechanism should be formed." To achieve this goal, the key lies in finding a balance between promoting the standardization and order of power operation and vitality and efficiency through effective system design, which not only prevents power from losing control due to excessive concentration, but also ensures the proper exercise of power and prevents it from being tied behind.

to build a scientific and effective power restriction and coordination mechanism, we should thoroughly grasp the basic laws of power operation, take scientific system design as the support, take decentralization restriction as the core, take public accountability as the guarantee, and promote the mutual restriction and coordination of decision-making, execution and supervision. Scientifically allocate power, according to the principle of corresponding responsibilities, powers and responsibilities, optimize the power allocation between superiors and subordinates, between departments at the same level, between all links before and after the event, strengthen the reinforcement, decompose the decomposition, limit the restriction, decentralize the decentralization, clarify the way, scope and responsibility of power operation, and fix it in the form of system to prevent problems such as seizing power, competing for power, ceding power and exceeding power. Standardize the power operation procedure, adhere to scientific and democratic decision-making, establish and improve the system of collective discussion, hearing consultation and implementation effect evaluation of major decisions, standardize the operation process by means of network technology, and enhance the rigidity of implementation. Promote the openness of government affairs, conscientiously implement the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information, and protect the people's right to know, participate, express and supervise. We will improve the administrative supervision system and accountability system, consciously accept the legal supervision of the National People's Congress, the democratic supervision of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the supervision implemented by the judicial organs according to law, and guarantee and support the auditing and supervision departments to independently exercise their supervision rights according to law. Strengthen the supervision of the people and public opinion, attach importance to the use and standardization of internet supervision, smooth the channels of mass supervision, and establish a reverse mechanism of "rights restricting power."

Deal with the relationship between direct management and indirect management, and innovate administrative management and service methods

The Decision clearly states, "Promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity." Specific to government work, it is to promote the modernization of administrative management and service ability level, methods and means, and realize the transformation from a regulatory government to a service-oriented government. Influenced by the long-term planned economic system and thinking inertia, in many places and departments, the government intervenes more in microeconomic activities and less in effective macro-adjustment; There are more direct regulation by administrative means, and less indirect regulation by economic means and legal means; Many functions are covered, and few are transferred and outsourced. This not only affects the decisive role of the market in allocating resources, but also provides a soil for the breeding of corruption, which must be corrected and changed.

the direction of administrative management and service mode change is from power-oriented to rule-oriented, from government-oriented to social-oriented, from focusing on authoritative control to focusing on flexible guidance. Improve the macro-control system, focus on the use of economic and legal means to adjust, supplemented by necessary administrative means, and constantly enhance the predictability, scientificity and effectiveness of macro-control through the coordination of various means. Promote social governance, stimulate the vitality of social organizations, establish a social consultation and dialogue mechanism, encourage and support all parties to participate in social governance, and realize the benign interaction between government governance, social self-regulation and residents' autonomy. Promote the government's purchase of public services. According to the requirements of the Decision, the public services that are suitable for market-oriented provision will be "purchased from the society through contracts, commissions, etc.", effectively solving the problems of public services shortage, low quality and efficiency in some fields, and providing more convenience and benefits to the masses.

Deal with the relationship between reform and innovation and administration according to law, and build a government ruled by law

Transforming government functions is a fundamental transformation of the government's functions and operational mechanisms. On the one hand, it is necessary to change the traditional habit mode under the planned economy system with innovative ideas, reform methods and courage to innovate, clear the obstacles of institutional mechanisms and departmental interests, and explore new government management mechanisms that meet the needs of economic and social development; On the other hand, administration according to law is the basic criterion and requirement of government work, and it is one of the goals of government function transformation. Any reform and innovation must be carried out within the framework of the constitution and laws, and under the constraints of the system, so as not to go astray and get out of position.

Reform and innovation are the practical basis for the progress of the rule of law, and the rule of law is an important means to promote the reform process and consolidate the reform results. They are not either/or irreconcilable, but can rely on and promote each other. This requires us to abandon the zero-sum thinking of simple opposition, promote reform and innovation by using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law, and ensure that reform and innovation go hand in hand with the rule of law. We should thoroughly study and fully tap the internal space of existing laws, systems and policies, revitalize existing resources, provide support for reform and innovation, and ensure that administrative decisions are made according to law, administrative powers are exercised according to law, and administrative faults and illegal acts are investigated according to law. Reform matters that can be decided independently within the legal framework and terms of reference should be carefully planned and actively promoted; For major reforms that are not allowed by laws and regulations and really need to be explored in the work, which involve state affairs, it is necessary to apply for state-authorized pilot projects to explore and accumulate experience for full implementation. Practice has proved that if it is beneficial and feasible, the relevant laws should be revised and improved and implemented throughout the country, and the legal reform should be promoted through administrative reform. Institutional measures should be introduced to escort the "trial and error" of reform within the legal framework, to ensure that reformers wear thorns, rush into minefields and risk beaches, and to create a strong atmosphere to support reform and encourage innovation.