The news of the "May 4th" spread to Shanghai immediately. Ye Chuqian, the president of the Republic of China Daily, printed a briefing and distributed it to various colleges and universities in Shanghai that night, calling for response to this patriotic movement. First, the Fudan University Student Union held an emergency meeting overnight and decided to organize five teams of students to do liaison work. They set off in groups the next morning (May 5) to contact each school and appeal to each school to send student representatives, scheduled for May 6 In the afternoon, a preparatory meeting for the "Shanghai Students Federation" was held at Fudan University in Xujiahui to respond to the "May 4th Movement" in Beijing with concrete actions, echoing from the north and the south, expanding publicity, and building momentum. On that day, according to the scheduled time, there were 48 school representatives and 96 people attending the meeting. He Baoren, the student representative of Fudan University, was elected as the interim chairman and Cheng Xueyu as the interim secretary. It was decided to hold the meeting at Laoximen in Shanghai on May 7. Grandpa *** Sports House held public meetings from all walks of life to denounce the traitorous government; he also sent a telegram to remove the traitors Cao, Zhang, and Lu, and immediately released the arrested students to express public outrage; he also recommended Qu Xuanying of Fudan University, Yun Zhen, and St. John of Jinan University. Cen Dezhang and three others from the university drafted the "Constitution of the Shanghai Students Association" to put the student organization on track and unite.

A public meeting was held outside Laoximen

At 2:00 pm on May 7, a public meeting was held as scheduled at Laoximen’s Grandpa*** Sports House. People and students were present* There were more than 20,000 people in the **, and the atmosphere was warm and orderly. Huang Renzhi served as the chairman of the conference. Everyone could speak freely, stating the patriotic significance of the "May 4th Movement" and proposing "rejection of the Paris Peace Treaty" and "punishment". "Traitor" and other political propositions, and appealed to the public for sponsorship and support. Immediately, demonstrations were held, and students formed a lecture troupe to promote the boycott of Japanese goods along the streets. When the parade passed through Shanghai County to Minguo Road and arrived at the French Concession, the French patrol house prohibited them from passing through. This once caused a student protest. After negotiating through legal channels and arguing with each other, the French Concession finally allowed 2,000 people to pass, while the rest were detoured.

When the team arrived at the Bund of the Shanghai Government Concession, they sent eight parade representatives to the German Chamber of Commerce to meet with Tang Shaoyi and Zhu Qiqian, the general representatives of the North-South Peace Conference (both of whom were former prime ministers), but they were intercepted by the guard. Enjoy being shut out. During the dispute, Shi Tang returned from abroad and immediately received representatives Guangming Fu, Peng Jieshi, Huang Jiemin, Zheng Haoran and others to the reception room for a chat. He expressed his extreme sympathy for this patriotic act and conveyed the requirements of the conference to the representatives: " (1) Regarding the Qingdao and Jiaoji Road incidents, we oppose direct negotiations between representatives of China and Japan. If the purpose of safeguarding national rights is not achieved, our government representatives should refuse to sign the Paris Peace Treaty; (2) Ask the government to remove Cao Rulin, Zhang Zongxiang, and Lu Zongyu. traitors; (3) Immediate release of the students arrested on May 4th, etc., and agreed to forward the above requests to the Beijing government. In his telegram, he added a warning: "...If you cannot take the heart of the world as your heart, distinguish between Jingwei and Wei, and strictly enforce and depose, then a single spark is bound to start a prairie fire. If you dare not refuse to report, you will be dealt with by skill." It can be seen that Tang respects public opinion and is a typical politician of his generation. Therefore, he came to Shanghai to sign the "North-South Peace Treaty" on behalf of Yuan Shikai. His heart was towards the Nanjing revolutionary government, which caused Yuan's jealousy. He had already shown that he "has the heart of the world" The democratic spirit of "heart".

At that time, Dr. Dewey from the United States came to China and was giving lectures in Shanghai. His student Dr. Hu Shizhi (Professor of Peking University) also came to Shanghai to entertain us. At this time, he took the initiative to join the parade and marched with us. For five hours, he was sweating profusely, soaking through the long gown he was wearing, but he did not feel it was a hardship. Fortunately, the shops along the way provided tea to quench his hunger and thirst. This shows Du's enthusiasm for this sport and became a popular story.

The "Shanghai Student Union" was officially established

At 2:00 pm on May 11, the "Shanghai Student Union" was held at the Global Chinese Students Association at No. 51 Jing'an Temple Road, Shanghai. Association's founding meeting. There were more than 60 schools and more than 100 representatives present at the meeting. After the draft constitution was discussed and approved by the conference, He Baoren of Fudan University was immediately elected as the president, Peng Xin of Nanyang University was the vice president, Yang Jizeng of Tongji University and the drafters of the constitution Qu, Yun and Cen were elected as secretaries; the evaluation department elected Soochow. Di Kan of the University is the speaker, Jin Zhenyu, Pan Gongzhan, Pei Guoxiong, Li Guo, etc. are the secretaries, and one representative from each school is the councilor; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs elected Dong Keren of St. John's University as the minister, Fei Gongxia, Sun Hanbing, Chen Renjie, etc. As Secretary: The Finance Committee elected Xi Yushu, Pan Gongzhan, Zhang Aizhen, Jin Zhenyu, Wu Kuang, etc. as Finance Committee members, with Xi Yushu as the Chairman. As a result, the "Shanghai Federation of Students" was officially established, and notified the whole country, issuing a declaration calling for response to this patriotic movement organized by students.

The Shanghai Federation of Students believed that the Beijing government was determined to go its own way and ignored the demands made by the Shanghai People's Assembly on May 7 and continued to suppress patriotic students. It originally planned to hold a class strike in protest on May 22. Because representatives of the Jiangsu Provincial Education Association came to the meeting on the 21st to dissuade them, they said that the association and Nanyang Public School Principal Tang Wenzhi would lead the meeting and immediately requested the Beijing government to oust Cao, Zhang and Lu within three days and release them. Arrest students to avoid going on strike and ruining their studies; if the government continues to refuse to respond, it will not be too late to strike again. Therefore, Chairman He Baoren convened an emergency meeting that day to take measures to postpone the strike, and published a newspaper to explain the reasons for the postponement. As of the 25th, the Beijing government still had no reply, so it had to convene a congress, attended by 150 representatives from each school, and decided to hold a strike oath-taking meeting the next day (the 26th) at the Lao Ximen Grandpa *** Sports House. .

Before nine o'clock in the morning on May 26, more than 20,000 male and female students from various schools in Shanghai had gathered in the hall. The deacons had previously erected a flagpole in the center of the hall and set up a Starting from the podium, the flags of each school were arranged in sequence. First of all, the chairman of the conference, He Baoren, announced the purpose of the conference and decided to implement a strike from today. If the purpose is not achieved, classes will not be resumed. At that time, the public sentiment was passionate and everyone agreed with his proposition. After the orphanage band played military music, the Boy Scouts held a flag-raising ceremony. Each took off his hat and bowed three times to the flag, and then read out the strike oath:

"On May 26, the eighth year of the Republic of China, Shanghai Secondary School and above More than 20,000 male and female students, under the flag of the Republic of China, swear an oath today: "We expect to meet the capabilities of the people of the country, eliminate national traitors at home, resist powerful forces externally, in order to save the country from danger, regardless of life and death, we are determined to persevere to the end, and we solemnly swear this oath." ""

At that time, everyone was excited and shouted slogans, which shook the sky and filled the rivers and mountains with anger, showing the fine qualities of the Chinese people's justice, bravery and fearlessness.

After the ceremony, a demonstration was held immediately. They exited from the east gate of Huina, followed Daji Road to the north, took Minguo Road, passed the West Gate, Old North Gate, New North Gate, Xiaodong Gate, and passed through Zhonghua Road. Pass through Dadongmen, Xiaonanmen, and Dananmen, take Penglai Road, pass the county office, go around the city, and then return to Gongyu Sports Village via Daji Road. The parade lasted about two hours. In the hot weather, the march was neat, full of energy, strict discipline, and absolutely not outdated and messy. The audience along the way was greatly moved and applauded frequently.

After the parade returned to the guild hall, everyone lined up in their original positions. The president invited Fang Hao, a student representative from Beijing to Shanghai, to give a speech on the stage, reporting on the development of the Beijing student movement since the May 4th Movement, and denounced Beijing. The warlord government praised the achievements of the Shanghai Federation of Students and hoped that the northern and southern student movements could unite and fight together for the future of the country and the nation. Everyone who listened was moved, and the meeting ended with applause from the whole crowd.

Organize the "National Federation of Students"

On May 28, the Shanghai Federation of Students' Evaluation Department held a meeting. Chairman Di Kan, Recorder Jin Zhenyu, and 60 representatives attended the meeting The remaining people. Mainly discussing the formation of the National Student Union, publicity work and self-study issues of striking students.

On June 2, the Beijing Federation of Students sent a delegation to Shanghai. Its representatives were Fang Hao from Peking University (as the head of the delegation), Wang Bingqian from Beijing National Thammasat University, Qi Dapeng from China University in Beijing, and It is composed of ten people including Xiao Zhenxiang from the Higher Industrial School, Zhang Minggang from Beijing Higher Normal School, Liu Enshen from Beijing Huiwen University, Lu Meiseng from Tsinghua University, Li Xuhui from Beijing Higher Police School, Yuan Xianghe from Tianjin Nankai School, and Yang Xingxia from Tianjin Higher Industrial School. After discussions with representatives of the Shanghai Federation of Students, He Baoren, Pan Gongzhan, Jin Zhenyu, Chen Renjie, Dong Keren, etc., at the Global Chinese Students Association, we unanimously decided to call each province and city across the country to nominate two student representatives. Please come before June 14th. Hu reported to the Shanghai Global Chinese Students Association in order to set a date to hold the founding meeting of the National Federation of Students. On the same day, the Shanghai Federation of Students held a general meeting and reported that the strike had lasted for seven days. The Beijing government had not yet made a clear statement. It should immediately send representatives to contact the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce and ask it to notify all stores to go on strike. It should also ask cotton mills and other factories The trade union contacted and urged workers to go on strike, and the Communist Party of China cooperated with the student strike action to increase pressure on the government in order to achieve the goal of the struggle as soon as possible. This proposal was unanimously approved and activities started in separate ways. It quickly gained enthusiastic support from the business community.

Anti-imperialist, patriotic, school strike, and market strike

Starting from June 5, the "three strikes" movement of school strike, strike, and market strike in Shanghai were all realized. All businesses in the market came to a halt. A parade of about 3,000 to 4,000 workers and store clerks gathered on Nanjing Road and Zhejiang Road on the 5th, shouting slogans of "save the country," and once clashed with concession patrols. On the 6th, slogans were posted on the door of every store, "No open until the national traitors are eliminated" and "No market until the national traitors are eliminated" to show their anti-imperialist and patriotic determination. On the afternoon of the 9th, a team of workers marched on Nanjing Road. The student propaganda team distributed leaflets along the way. The Ministry of Industry and Commerce Bureau of the Concession issued notices one after another calling for the suspension of the "Three Strikes" movement. Business groups from all countries were dispatched to strengthen patrols. The "Shanghai Federation of Students" was also He made threats with the preparatory office of the National Federation of Students, but his appearance was fierce but his heart was cold. Everyone was confident and unmoved.

On June 10, facing the growing patriotic pressure since the May Fourth Movement, the Beijing government knew that public opinion cannot be insulted and force cannot be relied upon. After releasing the arrested students, it officially announced the recall on the same day. Cao Rulin, Zhang Zongxiang, and Lu Zongyu held official positions based on their common sentiments. With the purpose of political struggle, the Shanghai Federation of Students has initially achieved its requirements. In order to take the overall situation into consideration, it assigned students to demand the resumption of shops, factories and schools from the 11th; the "three strikes" movement was suspended.

Representatives of student federations from various regions arrived in Shanghai

On June 14, representatives from twelve student federations from various regions came to Shanghai to report. The Shanghai Federation of Students was responsible for hosting and staying in Shanghai. After consultation, the Dadong Hotel of Yongan Company decided to hold a preparatory meeting for the National Student Federation on the afternoon of the 16th at the Global Chinese Students Union. It was agreed that the National Student Federation would be held at 2:00 pm on the 18th at the Dadong Hotel. ” At the founding meeting, He Baoren was elected as interim chairman, Beijing representative Duan Xipeng was elected as president, Shanghai representative He Baoren was elected as vice president, Qu Xuanlai and Kang Baiqing were secretaries, Zhang Weiran was secretary-general, and Fei Gongxia was elected as secretary-general. Deputy Secretary-General, Xi Yushu is the chief auditor, and Wu Kuang is the auditor.

One week after the founding meeting of the National Federation of Students, representatives from all regions left Shanghai and returned to their hometowns. In addition to bearing the food and lodging expenses of all representatives during their stay in Shanghai, the Shanghai Federation of Students also provided travel allowances to representatives from distant places. The friendship of the landlord is overthrown.

The patriotic movement from all walks of life in Shanghai in response to the May 4th movement won victory due to the resignation of the three pro-Japanese factions Cao Rulin, Xing Zongxiang, and Lu Zongyu, and stopped classes, strikes, and market strikes; but the main purpose of this movement was The purpose was to oppose the Paris Peace Conference's decision on the Shandong issue, and the Beijing government was willing to sacrifice its power and humiliate the country in an attempt to participate in the signing of the peace treaty and curry favor with Japan in order to join the League of Nations and consolidate its power. Therefore, the patriotic movement in Shanghai has not ended; especially after the establishment of the National Federation of Students, it has the task of fighting for national rights on behalf of students across the country.

All walks of life demanded the refusal to sign the Paris Peace Treaty

As early as May 9, 1919, the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce decided on the Shandong issue at the Paris Peace Conference, ignoring the interests of the nation. The government in Beijing advocated direct negotiation with Japan. After the cable was released, it immediately caused an uproar. The Shanghai Federation of Students first sent representatives to the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce to question President Zhu Baosan, accusing his ideas of being inappropriate and should be corrected. Other knowledgeable people from all walks of life also opposed direct negotiations between China and Japan and advocated that my country should fight for the return of Shandong to the Paris Peace Conference. sovereignty.