Planting techniques of kiwifruit

It is best to choose sandy loam or sandy soil in mountainous areas with convenient transportation, abundant sunshine, water source, moderate rainfall and slightly high humidity, or hilly areas with loose soil and rich humus as the garden. After the site is determined, roads, irrigation and drainage systems, fertilizer management rooms, etc. All of them are planned first, and then the ventilation culvert in the planting area is planned.

The main scaffolding methods used in kiwifruit planting are: T-frame, hedge frame, tripod, large shed frame and so on. Large flat-topped scaffolding is often used, and the original small-diameter trees can be used as live piles on the spot, and some replaceable bamboo and wood soil can be added, and concrete piles can be used in key parts. The height of the local frame is 1.8m, and the wires of 10- 12 are criss-crossed, forming a "well"-shaped network, and the spacing between wires is about 60cm.

Second, fertilization.

According to kiwifruit varieties, planned yield and soil fertility, determine the amount of fertilization. Before planting, 2.5 kilograms of fruit-bearing wood fertilizer can be applied to each plant in the pit, and a small amount of fertilizer can be applied to young trees. After that, fertilization is generally carried out three times a year, with fertilization 1 time and topdressing twice. After the fruits are harvested, apply the base fertilizer, that is, winter fertilizer, 20kg organic fertilizer per plant, and mixed application of phosphate fertilizer 1.5kg. After germination, apply 1 time topdressing, and apply 2kg compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruiting trees. The second time, before the vigorous growth period, fruit and wood fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be applied. Because the root of kiwifruit is fleshy, we should dig a shallow ditch a little far from the root, apply chemical fertilizer, seal the soil and avoid burning the root. Irrigation must be given after fertilization in dry season.

Third, plastic pruning and fruit thinning.

The shape of branches depends on the way of scaffolding, so we should make full use of the surface of scaffolding to make branches evenly distributed and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.

Kiwifruit is divided into winter scissors, summer scissors and male scissors before pruning. Pruning in winter is carried out during the period from defoliation to germination in early spring 1 month, with thinning as the main method and proper cutting. Keep more main vines and fruiting branches and cut off dense branches. Twigs, cross branches and pest branches. Summer pruning is mainly carried out from mid-May to early July, such as sprouting, coring, thinning and binding, and timely erasing the buds on the trunk to arrange space for the branches and vines. Male plants are pruned after flowering in May-June. Leave 3-4 branches per plant, and each branch has 4-6 buds. When the new branch length is 1 m, pick the core.

Generally, fruit is thinned in the field 1 month after flowering. Leave intermediate fruit and thinning fruit, reaching 1 fruit every 4-5 leaves. Generally, there are 1-2 fruits per 20 cm branch, and 5-6 fruits per 20-25 cm weak branch. 50 kg per plant, leaving 500-600 fruits.

Fourth, pest control.

The diseases that harm the spread of kiwifruit include anthracnose, root-knot nematode, damping-off, damping-off, root rot and fruit soft rot. Among them, anthracnose not only harms stems and leaves, but also harms fruits. Spraying 800 times carbendazim for 2-3 times in germination period can prevent and control it. The management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and methyl isofenphos or 30% carbofuran toxic soil should be used to control root-knot nematode disease.

The main pests of kiwifruit are mulberry Bai Dun scale, Penang comb scale, cutworm, scarab, leafhopper, fruit sucking moth and so on. The overwintering insects of scale insects are controlled by omethoate or 1500-2000 times killing liquid; Stir-fried bran for underground pests and carbofuran are mixed and applied to the ground according to the ratio of10:1. For scarabs, trichlorfon or malathion 1000 times solution is sprayed in the evening from late March to early April, or pyrethroid insecticides are used. Use 50% phoxim EC or 1000 times cartap to control cicada. Fruit-sucking moths occur in September when the sugar content of the fruit begins to increase, and they come out at night to harm the fruit, causing the fruit to fall or the damaged part to form lumps. Bagging, dark light or sweet and sour solution (1: 1) can be used for trapping and killing, or mirex can be sprayed 65438 times every 10- 15 days.

After picking the fruits, clean up the orchard, cut off the branches and dead branches of pests and diseases, and burn them centrally to reduce the source of infection of pests and diseases.

V. Appropriate harvest

The maturity of kiwifruit at harvest has a great influence on its storage life and quality. Early or late harvesting of kiwifruit will affect the quality and flavor of the fruit, and it must go through the quality formation period to fully mature.

According to the development period of the fruit, when the content of soluble solids in the fruit is 6%-7%, it is suitable for harvesting, while the fruit that needs long-term storage is required to reach 7%- 10%. Early harvest, bad taste. Harvesting should be carried out in sunny days without wind, not in rainy days, after rain and in the morning when dew is still wet. The best picking time is that the temperature does not rise before 10 am. When harvesting, light mining, light release and careful shipment are required to avoid bumping and piling, and it is best to pack and put in storage with the mining. Containers for peaches, such as boxes and baskets, should be padded with soft country materials at the bottom. Take care of them, don't sprain the pedicel or scratch the peel. The fruit after the first harvest is hard and astringent, and it must take 7- 10 days to eat. Ripe fruits should not be stored and should be sold in time.