Myopia can be corrected.
With the advancement of medicine, there are more and more methods to correct myopia. At different stages of life, it is particularly important to choose the method of correcting myopia that is most suitable for you to make the world in front of you clear again. important.
1. Children: distinguish between true and false, and wear glasses carefully
Myopia does not happen in a day, but often develops slowly. Careful parents should pay attention to their children's vision when they find that their children squint and rub their eyes when looking far away.
When a person sees far or near, the ciliary muscle in the eye is responsible for adjusting the shape of the lens. The lens is equivalent to the lens of a camera. The lens becomes thinner when looking far away and thickens when looking near, so that the image can be clear. .
Nowadays, children have a lot of academic work and see a lot of close objects. The ciliary muscles are often in a state of tension. In addition, they are not fully developed and their adjustment ability is unstable. They are prone to pseudomyopia, that is to say. It's just that the ciliary muscles are too tired, but the eyeballs haven't changed yet.
Therefore, once it is discovered that a child has myopia, parents should first take the child to undergo a dilated eye refraction, which is to see if the myopia still exists when the ciliary muscles are completely relaxed, and then choose treatment after distinguishing between true and false myopia. method.
If it is found that the child's myopia does not exist after dilating the pupils, it is pseudomyopia. It is recommended to use atropine to dilate the pupils every six months to relax the ciliary muscles. You can choose to do it during the winter and summer vacations, because dilation once It will take about 20 days for Hitomi to fully recover.
If the child is truly myopic, spectacles are the first choice to correct vision. This is the most economical and convenient method. In addition, Li Ying introduced that there is currently a night-wearing plastic lens that can be used to correct myopia in children. Specifically, it means wearing a pair of hard contact lenses every night when sleeping, flattening the cornea, and removing them the next morning. The vision can remain normal for one day.
This method is suitable for myopia below 500 degrees. Its advantage is that it can delay the development of myopia and avoid the trouble of wearing glasses. It is currently very popular in Europe and the United States. As for myopia surgery, considering the maturity of the eyeballs, it is generally not recommended for children under 13 years old.
Except for small patients with anisometropia, that is, if the difference in myopia between the two eyes exceeds 200 degrees, the eye with the deeper degree must be corrected through surgery first to avoid refractory amblyopia.
2. Young people: There are many correction methods and personalized choices
Young people have a wide range of myopia correction methods to choose from, from outside the eye to inside the eye, including glasses and contact lenses. Glasses, refractive surgery, intraocular lens (ICL), etc.
These are very mature technologies in clinical practice. Generally speaking, from the outside to the inside, the methods become more and more complex, and the requirements for economic and medical conditions are getting higher and higher, but the visual improvement effect is getting more and more. good. Given that each patient's specific situation is different, the selection plan should be based on the principle of individualization.
Generally speaking, young myopia patients can choose frames that are affordable and easy to fit. If you have good financial conditions, love for beauty, or special occupational requirements, and it is inconvenient to wear glasses, you can choose refractive surgery, which essentially thins the cornea to make the fundus image clearer.
Currently, there are excimer laser and femtosecond laser technologies. Specifically, they can be subdivided into many different methods to target different groups of people. For example, young men who usually exercise a lot can choose full laser superficial surgery; women who work in clerical jobs and are relatively quiet can choose half-femtosecond surgery;
For low myopia (less than 300 degrees), superficial laser surgery is the first choice; Stromal laser surgery, such as full femtosecond or half femtosecond, is the first choice for medium to high myopia (300~1000 degrees). As long as eye conditions permit, anyone aged 18 to 55 can choose corneal laser refractive surgery. It should be noted that pregnant women cannot do this because changes in hormones in the body make the cornea soft and prone to corneal ectasia.
Intraocular lenses (ICL) are the first choice for those with extremely high myopia (above 1000 degrees) or those with poor corneal conditions that are not suitable for ablation. If corneal refractive surgery is subtraction on the eye, intraocular lens (ICL) is addition inside the eye.
The specific method is that the doctor places a soft lens in front of the lens of the patient's eye, which is equivalent to placing the glasses inside the eye. The advantages of this technology are that, firstly, it has good visual improvement effect, and secondly, it is reversible, that is, it can be taken out if the prescription is inappropriate or any problems arise in the future.
Among these correction methods, as an ophthalmologist, the one that is least recommended is contact lenses. Contact lenses are scientifically called "corneal contact lenses". If they are attached to the cornea for a long time during the day, they will affect the breathing of the cornea. If the cleaning conditions are poor, or the wearer does not pay attention to hygiene, it will cause damage to the cornea.
Experts emphasize that if you want to wear it, you must be careful not to wear it for too long. In addition, you must do a good job of cleaning and don't be lazy.
3. Middle-aged and elderly people: take into account presbyopia and cataracts
As people age, their eyes also begin to age, mainly manifested by presbyopia and cataracts. Myopia patients also face these problems.
Presbyopia occurs early in people whose eyes are not myopic, while myopia occurs later, but it can also occur. Some people with myopia and presbyopia have to wear two pairs of glasses, one for distance vision and one for near vision.
Nowadays, there are multifocal glasses, which combine myopia glasses and reading glasses on one lens, and the wearer can switch between them with slight adjustments, which is much more convenient. In addition, if some people in their forties or fifties choose to undergo refractive surgery, the doctor will take into account the possibility of presbyopia in a few years and leave some myopia during the surgery, which can be offset by then.
For myopic patients suffering from cataracts, today’s intraocular lenses have developed to the point where they can take into account myopia. Therefore, choosing the appropriate intraocular lens can be solved together.
No matter which of the above myopia correction methods is used, only the vision will be improved, and the elongation and deformation of the eyeball will not change. Therefore, people with high myopia must avoid strenuous exercise in life, especially diving, handstands, bungee jumping and other activities to avoid retinal detachment.
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