Cherry tomatoes, also known as mini tomatoes, small tomatoes and so on. , an annual vegetable belonging to the genus Lycopersicon of Solanaceae, is a variety of semi-cultivated subspecies of tomato. Originated in Peru. Since 1980s, it has developed rapidly all over the world. China has been introduced from abroad in recent years and can be cultivated in both north and south. The cherry tomatoes are eaten with ripe fruits, which are sweet, sour and nutritious, and the sugar content of ripe fruits is as high as 7 ~ 8 degrees. Every 100g of fresh fruit contains about 94g of water, 2.5-3.8g of carbohydrates, 0.2g of protein, and 20-30mg of vitamin C, carotene, vitamin B and minerals. Can be used as raw fruit or cooked food, and can also be made into canned food. It has a unique taste. Its fruit sweat contains calomel, which has special effects on liver disease and has the function of diuresis and kidney protection. Its pericarp contains the same substance as vitamin D, which can lower blood pressure and prevent diseases such as arteriosclerosis and cerebral hemorrhage. In recent years, the domestic planting area has gradually increased, which is favored by hotels and restaurants.

I. Biological characteristics

1. Botanical characteristics

The root system is developed and has strong regeneration ability, which is mainly distributed in the 30 cm plough layer, and the stems grow like vines, mostly of infinite growth type, with alternate leaves and irregular pinnate compound leaves. Each leaf has 5-9 pairs of lobules, which are oval or oval, with teeth, light green or dark green, and the stems and leaves are densely covered with short glandular hairs, secreting juice and emitting special odor. Racemes or compound racemes, fully flowering, corolla yellow, connected at the base, anthers connected in a simple form, pistil located in the upper part of the central ovary of the flower, self-pollinating, natural outcrossing rate below 4%. Fruits are red, pink, yellow and other colors. The weight of a single fruit is 10 ~ 20g, and each inflorescence can bear more than 10, up to 50 ~ 60.

2. Requirements for environmental conditions

1) temperature cherry tomato belongs to temperate vegetables, and its growth temperature is 20 ~ 25 degrees. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, it can't blossom or pollinate after flowering, and when the temperature is higher than 35℃, it is not conducive to flowering and fruiting.

2) Illuminated cherry tomato is a light-proof vegetable. In a certain range, the stronger the light, the more vigorous the photosynthesis, the better the growth and the higher the yield. On the contrary, it is easy to cause malnutrition and flower failure.

3) Soil cherry tomato has low requirements on soil and strong adaptability, and is most suitable for growing in fertile soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matter. The optimum pH value of soil is 5 ~ 7.

Second, introduce famous varieties.

1. Huangyangli

Small tomato varieties introduced from Japan. Infinitely growing, lobular, common leaf, dark green leaf, raceme, 1 inflorescence appears in 7 ~ 9 nodes, and then an inflorescence appears every 3 leaves, and each inflorescence can bear more than 10 fruits; The fruit is pear-like, small in shape, yellow when ripe, and the single fruit weight is 15 ~ 20g. Early maturity, 50 ~ 60 days after planting. Strong growth potential and adaptability, moderate sweet and sour, good quality, heat resistance and disease resistance. This variety can be sown in North China from early October to early February in 65438+ 10, and planted in the open field in late April or early May, with single stem pruning, row spacing of 70-80 cm, plant spacing of 25-30 cm, yield of 3000 kg per mu and seed consumption of 50 g per mu.

2. Pink

A small tomato variety introduced from Holland. Infinite growth type, plants grow vigorously and leaves are green; 1 Inflorescence is on 7 ~ 9 nodes, with 3 nodes apart. Each inflorescence can bear more than 10 fruits. The fruit is small and round, red when ripe, bright in color and slightly sweet in taste. Single fruit weight 10- 15g. Mid-early maturity, harvesting starts 50-60 days after sowing. Heat and disease resistance, suitable for open field cultivation. The variety 65438+ was sown in the protected field in late October of/kloc-0, and the yield per mu was set at 3000 kg in late April or early May, with 50 grams of seeds per mu.

3. Red pear

The varieties introduced from Japan are red ripe fruits, and others are similar to Huangyangli.

4. Medium-scale integrated circuit (abbreviation of medium-scale integration)

Small tomato varieties introduced from Korea. Infinite growth type, vigorous plant growth, green leaves, the first inflorescence is planted in 6 ~ 8 nodes, and then 1 inflorescence appears every 3 nodes, and each inflorescence has 8 ~ 10 fruits. The fruit is round, the ripe fruit is red and the quality is good. This variety is suitable for cultivation in open field and protected field. Open field cultivation, sowing in protected land in June-February, and open field sowing in mid-April in North China. Protected cultivation can be planted in August-September, then planted in solar greenhouse, and commercial fruits can be harvested around New Year's Day.

Three. Key points of cultivation techniques

1. Sow in time and cultivate strong seedlings.

Beijing's open cultivation is mainly in spring. It is suggested to sow seedlings from mid-February to late February, sow in late April and harvest in late June. Spring shed 65438+Sow seedlings in late February or early February, sow in late March and harvest in late May. Sowing seedlings in greenhouses or greenhouses in autumn in mid-July, planting in mid-late August, and harvesting in mid-late June, 65438+ 10. The average daily temperature during general seedling raising is 20 degrees. Seedling days are 60 ~ 70 days. Good lighting conditions and mineral nutrition should always be maintained during seedling raising. Appropriate increase of nitrogen concentration can make seedlings develop healthily, promote flower bud differentiation and reduce flowering node. Increasing phosphorus concentration can promote flower bud differentiation and increase flower number. When the seedlings are raised by common methods, in addition to 1 sub-seedlings before flower bud differentiation, 1 sub-root-cutting transplantation can be carried out 7 ~ 10 days before planting, and combined with the surrounding seedlings, the planting damage can be recovered in the seedbed.

2. Choose land for planting and strengthen management.

Choose sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil, good ventilation, convenient drainage and strong water retention, which is not suitable for continuous cropping, so as to reduce soil infectious diseases and nematodes. Flat planting or high border, row spacing 15 ~ 80 cm, plant spacing 25 ~ 30 cm. Apply 5000 ~ 7500 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 ~ 40 kg of calcium superphosphate or 2.5 kg of ammonium sulfate10 ~/kloc-0. When 1 ear begins to swell, apply the second fertilizer, that is, attack the seedlings and fruits. Urea 10 ~ 12.5 kg and calcium superphosphate 20 ~ 25 kg were applied per mu, accounting for about 30% ~ 40% of the total topdressing. In order to promote the normal growth of fruit seedlings, topdressing is needed in the future, and the amount of fertilization is the same as that of the second time, accounting for about 30% ~ 40% of the total topdressing. Pay attention to water management. After survival, it is not advisable to irrigate too much to keep the border soil moist and slightly dry. Pay attention to drainage when it rains, and there should be no water in the ditch to prevent dryness and wetness and reduce the occurrence of fruit cracking and rot.

3. Plant regulation

Cherry tomato belongs to infinite growth type and needs to be set and bound in time. Generally, single-pole pruning is adopted, only the main shaft is reserved, and all the side branches growing in the axils of leaves are removed. Axillary buds should be picked within 3 cm in time to reduce nutrient consumption. Leave two leaves in the top ear 45 ~ 50 days before seedling drawing, which is beneficial to the sustainable growth of fruit.

4. Pest control

Common diseases and insect pests of cherry tomato include seedling damping-off, early blight, late blight, bacterial wilt and virus disease. For cataplexy. Spraying 73% chlorothalonil 600 ~ 800 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 600 ~ 800 times can prevent early blight and brown spot. At present, there is no specific drug for bacterial wilt, which can only be prevented by selecting resistant varieties, keeping the countryside clean and removing the diseased plants in time. Viral diseases were disinfected with 1% mercury solution or 10% trisodium phosphate. Pests are mainly Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and aphids. The larvae of Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera can be sprayed with 600 ~ 800 times trichlorfon and dichlorvos, and 800 times dimethoate can be sprayed with aphids.

5, timely harvesting

The most suitable harvest time of fresh fruit is maturity, that is, most fruits turn color. Varieties used for canning should be harvested at maturity.