The top advantage of persimmon tree is obvious. Generally, the two buds at the top are very close and the branches are thick, while the branches germinated by the lower buds weaken in turn, and the lower buds cannot germinate and become latent buds. Secondary buds whose bases are covered with scales generally do not germinate. Once stimulated or branches are broken, vigorous branches will sprout and can be used for regeneration.
The flower buds of persimmon trees are mostly mixed buds, which are inserted at the top of fruiting mother branches and produce fruiting branches or male flower branches after germination.
The flowers of persimmon trees are divided into female flowers, male flowers and bisexual flowers. Female flowers are solitary, usually inserted on thick fruiting branches, 1 flowers are inserted between the axils of the 3 rd to 8 th nodes. The number of flower buds on each fruiting branch is related to the growth of fruiting mother branches and the position of mixed buds. Strong mother branches, the fruit branches drawn out are many and thick, and there are many female flowers. There are more female flowers in the fruiting branches extracted from the top buds of the fruiting mother branches. Generally, there are 2 ~ 3 female flowers on each fruiting branch, 10 or more, usually 4 ~ 5.
There are 1 ~ 3 male flowers on each inflorescence. The pistil of male flower degenerates, the filaments are short, and the anthers are long and large.
Amphoteric flowers are bisexual, smaller than female flowers and larger than male flowers. Bisexual flowers can be divided into female flowers and male flowers. Female flowers are similar in appearance to male flowers, solitary in leaf axils, stamens degenerate, and drupes are often easy to produce. Male flowers are inserted in the middle of male inflorescence, and the size is between male and female flowers. Sepals, petals and ovaries are all intermediates. The hermaphrodite flower has low seed setting rate, delayed development after fruiting, long heart shape, and the size is only about 1/3 of that of the female flower.
Leaf buds are thinner than flower buds, and most of them are located in the middle of fruit-bearing branches or at the top of fruit-bearing branches, and develop branches after germination
The latent bud is planted in the lower part of the branch, and its life span can reach 10 year. After being stimulated, they will germinate and grow branches, which can be used for regeneration.
Accessory buds are mostly born under the scales at the base of branches, and their life span is longer than that of latent buds. When stimulated, their ability to sprout branches is also stronger than that of latent buds.
According to the characteristics of persimmon buds, attention should be paid not only to the utilization of flower buds and leaf buds, but also to the protection and utilization of latent buds and secondary buds in the process of shaping and pruning, so that new branches can be used to update crown and backbone branches.
The branches of persimmon trees can be divided into fruiting mother branches, fruiting branches, developing branches and long branches.
Fruiting mother branch. It is a branch with mixed buds and fruiting branches, which grows vigorously and is generally 10 ~ 30 cm long. The terminal bud and the 1 and 2 buds below it are mostly mixed buds, which can blossom and bear fruit and branch after germination.
The fruiting branch bears many branches at the top of the fruiting mother branch, and the branches drawn from 1 and 2 lateral buds can also blossom and bear fruit in the same year. This new branch is a fruiting branch. The fruiting branches can be roughly divided into three segments: the 2 ~ 4 segments at the base are latent buds (hidden buds); Flower buds are planted in the middle, but axillary buds are no longer produced; The top 3 ~ 5 nodes are mostly leaf buds, but healthy trees can also form flower buds, which become the fruiting mother branches of the next year and continue to branch and bear fruit. The number of flowers on the fruiting branch is often related to the variety, the growth intensity of the fruiting branch and the flowering position. Honey persimmon and fire persimmon, etc. , generally 1 fruit branch bears 3 ~ 5 flowers; Generally, there are only 65,438+0 flowers on 65,438+0 ~ 3 fruit branches, such as Mopan persimmon and Erfu persimmon.
Development branch. It consists of leaf buds on annual branches of 1, or latent buds and secondary buds on perennial branches, which germinate after stimulation. There are leaves on each node, buds in the axils of leaves, but no flowers. The length of developing branches is very inconsistent, the long branches can reach 40 ~ 50 cm, while the short branches are only 3 ~ 5 cm.
According to the strength of developing branches, it can be subdivided into strong developing branches and weak developing branches.
A very developed branch. Inserted at the top of 1 annual branch, or germinated by latent buds of perennial branches. This kind of branch is stout, and its length is generally above 15 cm. Under the condition of adequate nutrition and high management level, the top buds can form flower buds and become fruiting mother branches.
A poorly developed branch. Also called slender branches or slender branches. Inserted in the middle of 1 annual branch or the lower part of perennial branch, the length is generally below 10 cm. Such branches only consume nutrients, affect ventilation and light transmission, and cannot form flower buds. Therefore, when pruning, try to leave as few developed branches and weak branches as possible.
Long branches are in vain. Because of its vigorous growth, such branches, also known as "crazy branches" or "water bars", are mostly germinated by the terminal buds of upright branches, or by the latent buds of big branches, and are stimulated to grow. The growth is very vigorous, with long internodes and large leaves, but the tissue development is incomplete. This kind of branch usually grows vertically, and if it is not controlled, its length can reach more than 1.0 m, or even longer. In young trees and persimmon trees at the early fruit stage, long branches are scarce and useless, so they should be thinned in time. On the big tree after the full fruit period, when the planting position is suitable, the core can be picked as soon as possible to form flower buds and become fruiting branches; On the aging persimmon tree, long branches can be used to renew and restore vitality.