Historical events in various dynasties and Taiyuan
In the late Spring and Autumn Period, in the fifteenth year of Jin Dinggong (497 BC), the world-famous ancient city of Jinyang was built on the banks of Jinshui Fen River. , has a history of 2486 years so far. The ancient city of Jinyang served as the capital of Zhao State in the early Warring States Period. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he divided the country into 36 counties, and established Taiyuan County on this ancient land, which governed Jinyang. Jinyang has been called Taiyuan from the beginning. In the Han Dynasty, the Bingzhou Prefecture was established to govern Jinyang. This was also the beginning of Taiyuan being called Bingzhou, and the abbreviation of Taiyuan was also derived from this. At that time, Taiyuan had become one of the thirteen administrative offices in the country and was well-known.
Emperor Gao Huan of the Northern Qi Dynasty made Taiyuan his capital!
In 617 AD, the thirteenth year of Emperor Yang’s great cause, Tang Emperor Li Yuan and Qin King Li Shimin launched an army in Taiyuan, eventually ruling the world and establishing the Tang Dynasty, which had been prominent for hundreds of years!
In 979 AD, Song Taizong pacified the Northern Han Dynasty, the last of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and captured its capital, Taiyuan, because Taiyuan had always been the place where true dragons emerged. In order to prevent Taiyuan from having another emperor, he set fire to it. Burned down the old Taiyuan City. A few years later, the new Taiyuan City was rebuilt on the west bank of Fenhe River! In the planning of the new Taiyuan City, the design of "T"-shaped intersections is often adopted, which means that the true dragon spirit of Taiyuan is crucified!
Historical stories of Taiyuan
Taiyuan City represents tenacity and unyieldingness in history. As an important border defense town in the north, relying on Taiyuan, it could claim the throne and compete for hegemony, while the Song Dynasty "died even if it nailed the Bingzhou Canal".
Over the years, Taiyuan City has changed its appearance. The old city, which has the function of protecting homes and gardens, has withdrawn from the stage of history, replaced by modern high-rise buildings and wide streets. The city gate tower is a story told by old people. There is always a thought lingering in my mind that I can't get rid of: I want to see the old city's former glory. Many people will think: If Taiyuan City is still there, then...
The heavy city gate slowly opened. At this moment, I believe everyone is as surprised as us. These old photos that freeze time and space have transformed into what they were like a hundred years ago. A green square city, majestic and magnificent. Standing on the Drum Tower, the highest point in Taiyuan, you can see the mountains in the distance and the jade belt of Fenshui; overlooking the city, there are many shops and prosperous markets. Passing through Yingze Gate and exiting Gongji Gate, one can experience hundreds of years of history.
Can traces of the past still be discernible in Taiyuan City today?
Da Nanmen
The south west gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. It was originally named Chaotian, but later changed to Yingze, and is commonly known as Dayanmen. There used to be Dayanmen Street inside Dayanmen, and there were *** Temple and Amituo Temple. In 1955, Dananmen Street was merged into Jiefang Road, and Dananguanzhong Street was merged into Jiefang South Road.
New South Gate
The south east gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. It was originally named Taiping, but later changed to Chengen, commonly known as New South Gate. During the Revolution of 1911, the Taiyuan Uprising Army entered the city through this gate. After that, the New South Gate was changed to Shouyi Gate. Shouyimen Street used to have the YMCA, Guandi Temple, etc. Outside Shouyi Pass there are Zhengtai Railway, Railway Police Station and many automobile cooperatives. Before May Day in 1951, the dilapidated Shouyi Gate of the city wall was demolished and turned into May Day Square.
Dabeimen
The north west gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. It was first named Zhenshuo, and later changed to Zhenyuan, commonly known as Dabeimen. In the old days, Dabeimen Street had a Catholic church, Mingyuan School and civilian factories. Outside the Dabei Gate are the Northwest Locomotive Factory, the Northwest Electrochemical Plant, the Northwest Repair Factory, the Northwest Chemical Factory and the Sheep Farm.
Small North Gate
The northeast gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. It is named Gongji and is commonly known as Xiaobeimen. There used to be a Guanyin Hall on Xiaobeimen Street. During the Republic of China, the Shanxi Provincial Normal School and some military camp playgrounds were built. Outside the Xiaobei Gate, there used to be the Taibai Railway Management Office and the Northwest Timber Factory.
Dadong Gate
The southeast gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. It was first named Laichun, later changed to Yichun, and is commonly known as Dadongmen. Dadongmen has a particularly important military position among the eight gates in Taiyuan City. It is heavily guarded and is known as the "Military Gate". In the old days, there was the Army Hospital on Dadongmen Street, and the Three Religions and Saints Association outside Dadongmen.
Little East Gate
The northeast gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. The name is Yinghui, commonly known as Xiaodongmen. In the old days, there were the China Industrial Association, China Industrial Quarterly Magazine, Shanxi Provincial *** Automobile Management Unit and the University Campus in the Xiaodong Gate. Outside the Xiaodong Gate were Tongpu Station, Railway Administration, etc.
Shuixi Gate
It was originally the Jinsu Gate in the west of Taiyuan City in the Song Dynasty. It was expanded along the Taiyuan City in the early Ming Dynasty and used as the southwest gate. It was originally named Yuewu, but later changed to Zhenwu, and is commonly known as Shuiximen. In the Qing Dynasty, the south of Shuiximen Street was the old Manzhou City, and later there were the Fangshan County Guild Hall, the Fifth Experimental Primary School and the Bintie Temple; behind the Zhenwu Temple outside Shuiximen was the Zhenhe Tower, which is said to have two iron bulls, as well as the old teaching ground, A martial arts performance hall and a model livestock farm were later added.
Hanxi Gate
The northwest gate of Taiyuan City in the Ming Dynasty. It was originally named Tongfen, and later changed to Fucheng, commonly known as Hanximen. Hanximen is low-lying and humid, and most of the rainwater and sewage in the northwest area of ??the city retreat and accumulate here. There is Yinma River in the south of the street, and there are Xizeyuan, Heilongchi, Huanghetao and other stagnant lakes in the north. The so-called "drought" is only relative to Shuiximen, which has a lower terrain.
Outside the Hanxi Gate is the Liuxi ruins of the Song Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were wild tombs on the barren beach. During the Republic of China, a cattle ranch was built for urgent needs.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Taiyuan area was dominated by the Jin Kingdom and the Chinese nation. During the battlefield and stage of control and counter-control, competition and counter-competition between the northern nomads headed by Di Rong and various forces in the Jin Kingdom, Zhao Jianzi, a talented and strategist, valued the important position of the Taiyuan area and ordered his retainer Dong An to Jinyang City was built in Jinshuiyang, Taiyuan Basin. His son Zhao Xiangzi relied on Jinyang's strength to unite Han and Wei to defeat Zhibo, and the three families were divided into Jin, which in one fell swoop opened the prelude to the Warring States Period and China's feudal society.
For more than 2,500 years, Taiyuan, located in the center of Chinese civilization and the transition zone between farming civilization and grassland civilization, has created a turbulent and magnificent history. In the early days of feudal society, Taiyuan was the foundation on which the princes ruled the roost, a fortress for the Han people to expand their territory to the north and colonize, and played an important role in ancient politics; in the heyday of feudal society - the Han Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Taiyuan was the center of the Central Plains It was an important military town for the dynasty to prevent the nomads from invading southward. It was the frontier for the Central Plains dynasties to integrate and accept the nomads, allowing them to accept more advanced agricultural culture and turn herding into plows. It also shows its incomparable prominent position in Chinese history. . When feudal society entered its later stages, Taiyuan still served as an important town, guarding the northern gate of the Central Plains. Ancient Taiyuan advanced and retreated from feudal society and made its own contribution to Chinese civilization. ;
For more than 2,500 years, Taiyuan has nurtured a long and splendid culture, and also created a large number of dazzling literary talents in Chinese history. In particular, the frontier poets Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan of the Tang Dynasty integrated their delicate and euphemistic inner feelings into the majestic and bold, forming poems with unique desolate beauty that will be a masterpiece through the ages; Bai Juyi, the leader of the New Yuefu Movement, created "Pipa Xing" and "Pipa Xing". A number of realist masterpieces such as "Song of Everlasting Regret" are still praised today; "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" written by Luo Guanzhong from Taiyuan created a precedent for Chinese chapter novels; Fu Shan, a great scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, whose profound knowledge and His noble integrity is admired by future generations. There are also Yuan Haowen, Yan Ruochu, etc., all academic masters who grew up in the hot land of Taiyuan. They are representatives of Taiyuan’s splendid culture and have added countless immortal chapters to Chinese civilization. What are the major historical events in Shanxi
Primitive Society Period
About 1.8 million years ago
The Xihoudu people lived in the Ruicheng area
About 600,000-700,000 years ago, the Hehe people lived in the Ruicheng area
About 200,000 years ago
The Dingcun people lived in the Xiangfen area
About 100,000 years ago
The Xujiayao people lived in the Yanggao County area
About 28,000 years ago
The Zhiyu people lived in the Shuozhou area< /p>
About 4,000 years ago
The legendary Yellow Emperor and Chi You fought in the "Wild of Zhuolu". Yao's capital was Pingyang, Shun's capital was Puban, and Yu's activities were in southern Shanxi. < /p>
1046 BC
King Zhou Cheng granted his younger brother Shu Yu the title of Tang Dynasty
636 BC
Chong'er returned to the country to succeed the Jin Dynasty The throne of the king was Duke Wen of Jin
453 BC
The three families of Han, Zhao and Wei jointly destroyed wisdom and divided the Jin Dynasty into three parts
BC 403 years
The Zhou royal family recognized the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei as princes
Feudal society period
From 445 BC to 396 BC, Wei Wenhou reigned. Appointed Li Kui and others to carry out reforms
From 127 BC to 119 BC, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing fought back against the Xiongnu and lifted the Xiongnu’s intrusion on the Western Han Dynasty
In 308, the Xiongnu noble Liu Yuan established the Han Dynasty. Moved the capital to Pingyang
In 398, the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Pingcheng
In 399, Faxian went to Tianzhu to study Buddhism
In 617, Li Yuan and Zi Shiming, who were left behind in Taiyuan, raised troops and crossed the river to enter Chang'an
In 690, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and changed the name of the country to Zhou
In 951, Liu Chong proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan and established the Northern Han Dynasty
In 986, Yang Ye led The army recovered Yun, Shuo, Huanying and other states.
Later, due to Pan Mei's improper command, he was defeated at Langya Village in Shuozhou
In 1126, the Jin soldiers captured Taiyuan, and then went south to capture Kaifeng. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed
In 1357, the Northern Red Scarf Army marched into Shanxi< /p>
From 1630 to 1644, in the late Ming Dynasty, the peasant uprising army entered Shanxi three times on a large scale
In 1660, Lu'an Jihu "burned their machines and went on strike" to resist feudal exploitation
The history of the peasant uprising in Taiyuan led by Cao Shun from Zhaocheng in April 1853
Taiyuan has a long history and is one of the earliest birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The history of Taiyuan in front of Jinyang City is more than 2,000 years old. The author writes this article in the hope of making public the important historical events of Taiyuan's ancient period that are almost forgotten, so as to benefit the local people and comfort the spirits of the ancestors in heaven. The Shaohao Jintian clan reigned around 2554 BC or from 2538 BC to 2453 BC. During the reign of Jin Tianshi, his grandson Tai Ni was granted the title of Taiyuan. According to "Zuo Zhuan, Year of Zhao Gong": The Marquis of Jin was ill, and Zheng Bo sent Gongsun Qiao to the Jin Dynasty to inquire about his illness. Shu Xiang asked Yan, saying: "As for the illness of the widowed king, the diviner said: 'It is really heavy, and the platform is troublesome.' Shi Mozhi knew that, dare to ask what kind of god this is?" Zichan said: "...In the past, Jin Tianshi There is a descendant called Mei, who is the master of Xuanming. He is the official of Yunge and Taixi. Si, Ping, and Huang actually guarded their sacrifices. Now the Jin Dynasty has destroyed Fen. From this perspective, Tai Ni is the god of Fen..." Note: Jin Tian's family is Shaohao. The Commercial Press's 1988 edition of "Ciyuan": "Shaohao, the legendary name of the ancient tribal leader, named Zhi, courtesy name Qingyang, the son of Huangdi, and surname Ji. To distinguish him from Tai, he was called Shaohao, and King Jinde, so he was also called Jin Tian's family was Qiong Sang, and his capital was Qufu. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Tan claimed to be a descendant of Shaohao. 》etc., Shaohao is the successor of Huangdi. Regarding the years of Shaohao's reign, Huangfu Mi's "Emperor's Century" believed that "he died after a hundred years of reign", while "Waiji" said that "he reigned for eighty-four years and lived to a hundred years." The successor to Shaohao was Zhuanxu Gaoyang, the son of Huangdi's son Changyi. Huangfu Mi's "Emperor Century" believes that Zhuanxu reigned for seventy-eight years and died at the age of ninety-eight. The "Taiyuan" cited above in "Zuo Zhuan·Year of Zhaogong" is Taiyuan. Volume 41 of "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi" notes under the four characters "Yizhu Taiyuan": "Taiyuan is also in Jinyang, where Taizhi lives." Also, it is quoted from "Zuo Zhuan: Zhao Gong Year" above. Others believe that the "emperor" refers to Emperor Zhuanxu, who was the descendant of Emperor Zhuanxu who granted Shaohao to Taiyuan. In the year of Zhuan's reign, Jian Bozan's "Chinese and Foreign Historical Chronology" recorded the period from 2450 BC to 2373 BC. Emperor Ku Gaoxin reigned from about 2376 BC to 2307 BC. Emperor Ku Gaoxin, according to "Historical Records" and other books, was the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. The grandson of Xuan Xiao, the son of the Yellow Emperor. The Commercial Press' 1988 edition of "Ciyuan": "Emperor Ku, an ancient tribal leader, is said to be the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the father of Yao. He lived in Bo (now Yanshi County, Henan) and was named Gaoxin. In the inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, Emperor Ku was named Gaozu, please refer to "Historical Records·Five Emperors". "During his reign, Gao Xin granted his sons Shichen and Yanbo to present-day Taiyuan and present-day Shangqiu, respectively. According to "Zuo Zhuan, Year of Zhao Gong": The Marquis of Jin was ill, and Zheng Bo sent Gongsun Qiao to the Jin Dynasty to inquire about his illness. Shu Xiang asked Yan, saying: "As for the illness of the widowed king, the diviner said: 'It is really heavy, and the platform is troublesome.' Shi Mozhi knew that, dare to ask what kind of god this is?" Zichan said: "In the past, the Gaoxin family had two sons. , the uncle is called Yan Bo, and Ji is called Shi Shen. He lives in the open forest and is unable to fight with each other. Xing. He moved to Daxia and became the main ginseng. He served the Xia and Shang Dynasties. His uncle Yu was named Jiang Fangzhen, the king of Wu. , belongs to Zhu Shen, and Fan raises his descendants. When he was born, there was a text in his hand called Yu, so he ordered him to destroy the Tang Dynasty and named Uncle Yan, so he became the star of Jin. "Real sinking is also a reference to the gods..." According to the "Bamboo Book Annals", Zeng said: "Forty-five years ago, Emperor Xi was appointed by the Marquis of Tang Dynasty." According to the Marquis of Tang Dynasty, some people think that it refers to solid sinking, and some people think that it is today's solid sinking. The well-known Emperor Yao. There are different opinions in history whether Emperor Yao was granted the title by his father or by his brother Emperor Zhi (see below). During the reign of Emperor Zhi from about 2306 BC to 2298 BC. Emperor Zhi, the eldest son of Emperor Ku's Gaoxin family, and the brother of Yao. Regarding the fate of Emperor Zhi, there are quite different historical records. According to Huang Fumi's "Emperor Century": Emperor Zhi's mother was the second in rank among the four, and Zhi was the eldest among the brothers, so she ascended the throne. He granted the title of Marquis of Tang to his half-mother Emperor Fangxun. Zhi reigned for nine years, but his administration was weak, but Tang Hou was virtuous and the princes returned to him. Sincerely obeying his righteousness, he led his ministers to establish the Tang Dynasty and attain Zen. The Marquis of Tang knew that he had destiny, so he accepted Zen from the emperor and conferred the title of Zhi on Gaoxin. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" records: "Emperor Ku died, and Zhi Dai was established. Emperor Zhi's establishment was not good, and the emperor paid tribute and established him as Emperor Yao." The Qing Dynasty Renma's "Yishi" Volume 8 "Gao Xin Ji" quoted "The current compilation of the outline" says: "Zhi was debauched and dissolute, and the princes abolished him and respected Yao as the emperor." Ma Masu also added a note at the end: "According to Emperor Zhi, he may collapse, he may become a Zen, or he may be abolished. According to various theories, "About Tang Yao, Volume 9 of Qing Dynasty's "Yi Shi" quoted Huang Fumi's "Emperor's Century" as saying about Yao: "At the age of fifteen, he served as Emperor Zhi, and was granted the title of a prince in the Tang Dynasty. When he ascended the throne at the age of ten, he was all in Pingyang.
"About 2297 BC, Yao established his capital in today's Taiyuan area (according to "Chinese and Foreign Historical Chronology" edited by Jian Bozan), and later moved the capital to Pingyang. Yao was named Fangxun and Tao Tangshi, and he reigned. During this period, Xihe ordered Xihe to observe the celestial phenomena, formulate a calendar, and use 366 days as a year. He set the fourth o'clock in the leap month. During the Yao period, there was a flood, and he ordered Gun to control it. After nine years, it failed, and the four mountains were replaced by Shun. The emperor worked in Youling, sent Huandou to Chongshan, moved Sanmiao to Sanwei, and killed Gun in Yushan. The four crimes were determined and the world was convinced. Note: Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty (b. 127-200 AD), Mao Zedong. "Poetry Book: Tang Book" says: "In the Tang Dynasty, the place where Emperor Yao's old capital was, Jinyang, Taiyuan is today. Yao first lived here, and later moved to Pingyang, east of Hedong. "Also: "Mao Shi Zhengyi" commented on the "Tang Style" in the "Book of Songs" based on this, "There is a legacy of Yao" and said: Yao is also the capital. "Hanshu Geography" says: Taiyuan Jinyang County, so " "Poetry" in the Tang Dynasty, the Jin River came out of the river and entered Fen in the east, which was Taiyuan Jinyang in the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records of the Jin Family" says: The Tang Dynasty was east of the river Fen, a hundred miles away, and the princes lived there. It says: "Yao first lived here." "Geographical Chronicles: Pingyang County, Hedong County" Ying Shao says: "Yao was also the capital", which means Yao was the emperor and his capital was Pingyang, so Yunhou moved to Pingyang, Hedong... and became king. His mother's brother, Shu Yu, was granted the title of Marquis of the Tang Dynasty in Yao's hometown. There was Jinshui in the south. As for Xie, it was changed to the Marquis of the Jin Dynasty. In addition, Emperor Fumi of the Western Jin Dynasty (214-282) said in the "Emperor Century": "Yao first granted the title to the Tang Dynasty, which is now Zhongshan. Tang County is also like this, Yao Mountain is also... behind Yao's capital.