High-yield cultivation techniques in Okubo;
Reasonable shaping and pruning
Reasonable pruning can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of trees, adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, make trees bear fruit early, prolong the full fruit period and achieve the goal of high yield. The characteristics of shaping and pruning of Okubo peach are different from other peach trees. According to its growth and development characteristics, in addition to the conventional pruning methods of peach trees, such as short cutting, dewatering, shrinkage, long-term release, budding, germination, core removal, branch pulling and so on.
Except pruning, taking branches, twisting tips, etc. When pruning, the following technical measures should also be taken:
1, improved cup tree is suitable.
2. This variety of trees is relatively open, with large angles of backbone branches and easy drooping branches. When pruning in winter, it is best to leave buds on the cut buds of the main side branches to ensure the extension angle of the main side branches. For the branches with the same thickness as the main lateral branches, it is advisable to cut them short to increase the thickness of the branches and prevent them from drooping due to excessive angle during the full fruit period.
3. The fruiting branches have short internodes, high and stable yield, mainly medium-long fruit branches, and the tree tends to weaken after the full fruit period. When cutting in winter, in addition to leaving enough spare branches in the crown and the middle and lower parts of the branch group, the rejuvenation branch group should be updated in time to ensure that the proportion of medium-long fruit branches is not less than 42%.
4. When you cut in summer, you can cut off the second-level tip on your back, which is a new angle for the year. In the middle and late May, all the new shoots that do not bear fruit in the opposite branch group should be cut off to reduce nutrient loss. For the competitive branches extracted from the main branches, 18-28 cm can be cut off to promote the development of secondary branches, control the growth of competitive branches and make them bear fruit early. For the long branches in the tree, if there is room for growth, about 20 cm can be cut off and cultured into branches.
Scientific fertilization
Okubo peach has shallow root system distribution, and requires higher fertilizer and water conditions than other peach trees, otherwise, it will lead to poor quality and obvious bitterness. However, most peach orchards in the north are poor in soil, and the organic matter content is mostly between 0.5%- 1.0%, which is far from meeting the needs of peach fruit growth and development. According to years of fertilization experience in high-yield peach orchards, the following aspects should be paid attention to in fertilization:
1, apply more organic fertilizer in autumn. Generally speaking, the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the yield. For example, more than 300 kilograms of organic fertilizer should be applied for every 1.50 kilograms of fruit produced in Taoyuan during the full fruit season.
2. Topdressing should be carried out according to the law of fertilizer demand in each growth period of peach trees, with quick-acting fertilizer as the main fertilizer. For every 65,438+000 kg of fruit produced in the full fruit season, 0.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.4 kg of pure phosphorus and 0.7-0.8 kg of pure potassium should be applied throughout the year. If the soil in Taoyuan is poor, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be appropriately increased. At the same time, we should grasp the following three key stages of topdressing: the first topdressing is mainly nitrogen, and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is topdressing before and after germination, the main purpose is to promote the growth of peach trees, improve the fruit setting rate and promote the development of young fruits. For the second time, topdressing fertilizer mainly containing potassium fertilizer combined with a small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus 20-30 days before fruit ripening. The purpose of this fertilization is to strengthen the fruit fertilizer, which is the most critical topdressing for peach trees all year round. The third time, after the fruit was harvested, the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied topdressing, which was mainly used to supplement the nutrition consumed by peach trees due to a large number of fruits, restore the tree vigor and increase the nutrient storage of the trees. Of course, in addition to soil fertilization, peach fruit should be sprayed with 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 3-4 times from swelling stage to maturity stage, which is particularly effective for fruit growth, coloring and increasing sugar content. Spraying 0.3%-0.5% urea solution on leaves for 2-3 times after fruit harvesting and before defoliation is also beneficial to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, improve the quality of flower buds and increase the nutrient accumulation of trees.