1 According to the planting method, it can be roughly divided into ginseng: ginseng that has grown in the natural ecological environment under the forest for more than 20 years. Among them, it can be divided into pure ginseng (wild ginseng) and taro ginseng Pure ginseng (wild ginseng) refers to wild ginseng. It tastes sweet, slightly bitter and tastes delicious when chewed. Its reed head is slender, often curved, the lower part is smooth (the reed bowl disappears), the middle reed bowl is dense, and the upper reed bowl is sparse; Reed bowls are numerous and dense; The main roots are mostly herringbone, spindle and diamond, and the texture is dense; The horizontal stripes are thin and deep, continuous and spiral, concentrated in the upper part of the main root; Lateral roots are few, but very long; The fibrous roots are few and long, clear but not messy, with tough texture and obvious pearl bumps. The identification of wild ginseng is as follows: "Mayayan Lubo, jujube kernel taro extends downward, with short and horizontal body, deep ring pattern, drooping shoulders, tight and smooth skin, 2-3 short legs, splayed crotch, dense nodules and special ginseng shape." In China, it is mainly distributed in the Changbai Mountain range and various mountainous areas in its extension area. Taro becomes ginseng, which is named because the main root of ginseng is destroyed and taro continues to grow into the main root. Its reed head is large and oblique, its main body is straight, its shoulders are slender, and its ring pattern is thick and shallow but incoherent. Only l branches (that is, the tail of taro). The rest are similar to wild ginseng.
Ginseng under forest: including Yishan ginseng and seed ginseng. Yishan ginseng is a kind of ginseng collected and transplanted into the forest near residential areas, which grows naturally and is excavated after 10 ~ 20 years. Its reed bowl is slightly long and sparse, and there is no opposite reed, but the thickness of the reed is uneven. How long is taro? Sometimes it is longer than ginseng. The ring pattern of the taproot is sparse and shallow, slightly foaming, and the skin is tender and not smooth. The branches and roots are long, and the crotch is not splayed. Fibrous roots are tender and short, with many branches at the lower end and sparse papules. Seed ginseng is a kind of ginseng which is selected from wild ginseng seeds, round reed seeds and long neck seeds, planted artificially in the forest, kept growing naturally without artificial management, and excavated after 10 ~ 20 years. The reed heads are mostly linear reeds or bamboo reeds, and the reed bowls are shallow. Most of them are horizontal spirits, but they are not as strong as wild ginseng. There are many broken lines, floating lines and many taro hanging down. Must be soft but not tough.
Garden ginseng: refers to artificially cultivated ginseng. There are roughly three varieties: common ginseng, shizhu ginseng and biantiao ginseng.
Ordinary ginseng: native to Fusong, Jilin Province (commonly known as Fusong Road). The main characteristics of the product are short rhizome, short and thick main body, short branch roots and many fibrous roots. The variety types belong to the big bud and the second bud, which are cold-resistant, fast-growing and high-yield.
Shizhushan: originally from Kuandian, Liaoning, it belongs to the type of long-necked or round-bellied reed. This variety has slow growth and low yield, but it has the characteristics of strong stress resistance, long life and late maturity, and is suitable for cultivating wild ginseng provenance. Shizhu Ginseng is characterized by long reeds and various shapes, with Hengling as the best, deep horizontal stripes, old and firm skin, soft whiskers and pearl bumps. Branches and roots are separated, and reeds, taro, body and grain are in contrast. Lithospermum grows in humus soil with yellow sand as its parent material, forming the characteristics of Lithospermum.
Stichopus japonicus: native to Ji 'an, Tonghua and Kuandian, Liaoning. It belongs to the type of round reed or long neck, commonly known as "Ji 'an Road". The overall development of this variety is long and cylindrical, which is suitable for cultivating high quality and high yield ginseng. Its appearance is characterized by long reeds, long body length and long legs. The taproot is cylindrical and has 2 ~ 3 branches, and the branch length is not less than 1/3 of the taproot. Panax notoginseng grows in gray-brown soil dominated by stony soil in mountainous areas. In production, the characters and characteristics of marginal ginseng were cultivated by techniques such as low beard shaping and low shed shading.
According to the morphological characteristics of ginseng, it can be divided into two systems and seven varieties.
One is horse bud system, which is divided into big horse bud and two horse buds. Malayan stems are thick and tall, and leaves are wide and oval; The rhizome is thick, the stem scar (reed bowl) is wide, the main root is short and fat, and there are many lateral roots. Ermayina buds have slightly thinner stems and oval leaves; The rhizome is medium thick and long, the main root is long and the lateral roots are few. Fast growth and high yield. The second is the long neck system, with slender roots and slow growth. According to the shape of reed head, it can be divided into round reed, big reed, linear reed, grass reed and bamboo reed. Round reed: reed head is moderate in length, beautiful in shape and slender in rhizome; Big reed: large volume, short and thick rhizome; Linear reed: the rhizome is not obvious or only the top is obvious; Grass reed: short internodes, obvious stem marks on the upper part, and sharp main roots; Arundo donax: The internodes are long and the nodes are like bamboo joints.
According to the different processing methods of ginseng, it can be roughly divided into fresh ginseng: unprocessed ginseng excavated from soil.
Ginseng Rubra: Ginseng Rubra is made from high-quality fresh ginseng by scrubbing, steaming and drying.
Common red ginseng: a kind of red ginseng with relatively short taproot.
Fringed red ginseng: processed with fringed red ginseng as raw material.
All-bearded red ginseng: Red ginseng with preserved ginseng whiskers is called all-bearded red ginseng.
Molded red ginseng: ginseng made from red ginseng by softening and pressing.
Sun-dried ginseng: fresh ginseng is used as raw material, washed and sun-dried.
Sun-dried ginseng with full beard: Sun-dried ginseng with reserved ginseng beard is called Sun-dried ginseng with full beard.
Sun-dried ginseng: a kind of fresh ginseng as raw material, washed and sun-dried ginseng.
White ginseng: fresh ginseng is used as raw material, washed, peeled and dried.
Ginseng: fresh ginseng is used as raw material, which is washed, shaved, scalded and dried.
Active ginseng: fresh ginseng is used as raw material, which is washed and dried with cold ice.
Fresh ginseng: fresh ginseng is used as raw material, washed and pickled.