Get ready.
Positioning and setting out
Positioning and setting-out means accurately positioning seedling planting according to the design requirements, marking the position of the center point in the planting hole and marking the sideline in the planting groove. In case of special circumstances such as large-scale stonework, it is necessary to deal with it flexibly and adjust the spacing between plants appropriately.
Soil treatment
The quality of soil is directly related to the future growth of seedlings. It is necessary to analyze its physical and chemical properties, such as pH, porosity, water permeability, water holding capacity, etc., and then take corresponding measures such as disinfection, application of base fertilizer and addition of planting soil, especially the digging depth of soil, planting soil quality, maturity and application amount of base fertilizer, and flatness of terrain. [2]
1) Soil preparation and hole digging
Soil preparation and excavation is an effective method to improve soil physical properties. After clearing the afforestation land and positioning and setting out, soil preparation shall be carried out according to the row spacing. Excavation is carried out in the way of open hole soil preparation, and the excavated hole soil is placed on both sides of the hole, so that the soil is naturally weathered for about 20 days, which is beneficial to the weathering and maturation of the soil, the removal of insect pupae in the soil, sterilization and disinfection, initial improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduction of soil diseases and insect pests, and improvement of soil fertility.
2) Fertilizing and returning soil
Fertilization: according to the specifications and site conditions of planting seedlings, apply appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer can promote the root growth of seedlings and is a fertilizer for strong root development; Compound fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of aboveground parts of seedlings; In addition, large-diameter seedlings should be applied with water retaining agent, which can retain water and improve the survival rate of seedlings.
Phosphate fertilizer should be applied to all plots one by one, and compound fertilizer should be applied only after it is accepted. The number of holes for applying compound fertilizer should not be too many, and the number of holes that can be returned to the soil within three days is better, so as to avoid the loss of fertilizer efficiency due to long exposure time of compound fertilizer.
Returning to soil: Check whether there is enough phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer in the cave before returning to soil. When returning soil, the topsoil around the hole should be shoveled to the bottom of the hole to increase the proportion of fertile soil in the hole, which is beneficial to the growth of young trees. Gravel soil and sundries cannot be backfilled into caves. It is required that the base fertilizer and the surface soil of the cave be fully mixed, otherwise it will affect the growth of young trees.
Note: Before sowing the seedlings, the base fertilizer should have a maturity period of 5- 10 days to avoid burning the roots of the seedlings.
Second, seedling planting
1, select seedlings according to design requirements.
The selection of seedlings is the key to landscape, quality and even project cost and success or failure. The seedlings entering the site should be selected in strict accordance with the requirements of variety, plant type, crown width, height, DBH and soil ball size. , and should choose to grow strong, diameter and branches without damage, no pests and diseases of excellent seedlings. The transportation, hoisting and planting of seedlings from nursery to construction site should be well protected to prevent mechanical damage and reduce the quality of seedlings. Wrong seedling selection is easy to reduce the survival rate of seedlings, and at the same time it can not achieve the original design purpose.
2. Plants
After the soil ball enters the hole, pad a small amount of soil around the bottom of the soil ball, fix the soil ball, pay attention to make the trunk upright, then cut off the packaging materials and take them out completely to prevent the root system from growing. Immediately fill the topsoil to half of the hole, tamp around the hole with wooden sticks, and then continue to fill and tamp the hole with soil. Be careful not to hit the soil ball when tamping, and finally pour the root water thoroughly.
note:
▲ Soak the seedlings with water before planting to ensure the survival rate;
▲ Tear off the plastic bag, and the nutrient soil will not be scattered into bare root seedlings for planting;
Three. Maintenance and conservation management
1, maintenance management
Because the planting site of this project is located in the mountainous area around the landfill site, it has a certain slope, good sunshine conditions and large evaporation, and the soil is mainly sandy loam, and the water loses quickly. In addition, newly planted seedlings need a growth recovery period, during which the water absorption capacity of roots is weak, which is not conducive to plant germination and young root growth. Such as unstable tree support, watering, weeding, pesticide control, etc., will lead to quality problems such as many diseases and poor growth of seedlings. In order to ensure the survival of seedlings and obtain rapid early greening effect, during this period, water spraying should be strengthened according to the weather conditions [3] and daily primary maintenance should be carried out for 6 months. The specific work is as follows:
(1) Improve the spatial growth environment of young trees.
Thoroughly clean up harmful species such as Mikania micrantha, and clean up weeds, miscellaneous vines and shrubs on the ground and space around young trees 1 m2, so that young trees have good growth space.
(2) Improve the soil environment for young trees to grow.
Comprises loosening soil, fertilizing and cultivating bags. Loosening the soil around the young tree of 1 m2 (the roots, branches and terminal buds of the young tree can't be harmed), ditching the horizontal sides of the tree head at an appropriate distance and burying the compound fertilizer, and then cultivating (cultivating the topsoil and fertile soil around the tree head to the tree head).
(3) Tree support
After planting, the trees should be supported in time (with three bamboo poles not less than 2.5m * 5cm thick), and then watered appropriately to enhance the wind resistance of the trees and ensure their integrity and survival.
(4) Replanting seedlings in time
During the maintenance and tending management, it is found that there are dead plants (missing plants) that need to be replanted to ensure the survival density of young trees. Replanting should be based on the principle of timely, suitable land and suitable trees. After daily observation and analysis of the causes of dead plants, replace inappropriate tree species and replant dead plants.
(5) Strengthen watering
In order to ensure the survival and rapid growth of seedlings, watering should be strengthened after planting, but watering should be avoided at hot noon, otherwise the germination rate in the suitable germination period will be reduced. When watering, the surrounding soil should be fully watered slowly in a short distance (short-distance slow watering is to prevent soil erosion and damage to young roots caused by long-distance water column impact). At the same time, when watering, be careful not to let the seedlings "eat less and eat more", that is, water them a little more frequently or water them aside, especially for the seedlings. This watering method can only wet a few centimeters or only one side of the soil surface, which will induce the root system to grow to the soil surface or obliquely, thus reducing the drought and wind resistance and labor of seedlings. [4]
(6) Clean environment
The diseased branches and dead branches in plastic pruning should be cleared out of the forest land in time to ensure the ground safety during construction.
(7) pest control and fire prevention
During the construction period, the construction unit is responsible for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and the prevention and control rate is over 95%; In addition, due to the particularity of landfill (producing a large number of flammable and explosive gases such as biogas), fireworks and open flame operations are strictly prohibited during construction. Once a fire breaks out in the management reserve, the remaining processes must be terminated, emergency rescue and notification should be conducted immediately, and the responsibilities of relevant personnel should be investigated.
Tending management
Different from the general landscaping project (after the maintenance period is over, the project will be handed over to the municipal garden management department for daily management). In view of the special circumstances of the project, this project must enter the tending period after the first-level maintenance is completed. This project is located around the landfill. Due to the heat and gas generated by mountainous terrain and garbage fermentation, the site conditions of seedling planting are poor, the terrain is prone to water shortage and the environmental temperature is high. The role of tending period is to further improve the survival rate of afforestation and consolidate the construction achievements. The tending period of this project is three years, once in that year and twice a year in the next two years.
Four. Concluding remarks
Greening and maintenance of landfill is a comprehensive subject with strong practicality, which integrates soil and water conservation, greening engineering, landscape and environmental sanitation. It not only meets the requirements of general landscaping projects, but also combines the unique conditions of landfill sites and plants in strict accordance with greening norms. Only in this way can we ensure the quality of the project, achieve the landscape effect, reduce the impact of the landfill on the surrounding residents, and thus better build a harmonious society.
References:
[1] Pan Daqing, Yang Dashuai, Research on Odor Control System of Domestic Waste Treatment Facilities, Urban Management and Science, 20 10.4
[2] Zhang Dingge analysis of the management and control of landscaping construction "Urban Construction" 20 10.07.
[3] Exploration of bare slope vegetation restoration project in Ma Fang, China Forestry, 2007.7b
[4] Liu Xiaohong, "Analysis of Residential Landscape Construction", "Research on Urban Construction Theory" 20 1 1.07.