1. Construction task. Intensify the construction of facilities for the harmless treatment of urban domestic waste, speed up the improvement of facilities for the treatment of domestic waste in large and medium-sized cities, vigorously promote the construction of facilities for the harmless treatment of domestic waste in county towns, give priority to supporting cities and counties that have not yet built facilities to speed up the construction, narrow the gap in the level of domestic waste treatment in different regions, and promote coordinated development. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and cities under separate state planning should build more than one publicity and education base relying on the harmless treatment facilities of domestic garbage.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is planned to increase the harmless treatment capacity of domestic garbage by 580,000 tons/day, including 398,000 tons/day in urban areas and 6,543,800+082,000 tons/day in county towns. By 20 15, the harmless treatment capacity of municipal solid waste will be 87 1 10,000 tons/day, basically forming the scale of harmless treatment capacity, including 653,000 tons/day in cities and 210.8 million tons/day in counties. In the harmless treatment capacity of domestic waste, incineration technology is selected to reach 35%, and incineration technology is selected to reach 48% in the eastern region.
2. Construction requirements. The construction and operation of domestic waste treatment facilities shall strictly implement relevant construction standards, technical standards and environmental protection standards, and be equipped with perfect pollution control and monitoring facilities.
The selection of domestic waste treatment technology should be based on the principle of local conditions, adhere to the priority of resource utilization, and choose safe, reliable, advanced, environmentally friendly, land-saving, energy-saving and economical treatment technology. Eastern regions, economically developed regions and cities with a shortage of land resources and a large population base should reduce the amount of domestic waste landfill and give priority to incineration technology; Other areas with conditions can enjoy regional construction and adopt incineration technology. As the final disposal method of domestic waste, sanitary landfill treatment technology is a necessary guarantee for every region. In areas with suitable sanitary landfill resources and natural conditions, sanitary landfill can be used as the basic scheme of domestic waste treatment. Biological treatment technology can be used in areas with high level of domestic waste management. On the basis of full demonstration, encourage the pilot demonstration of cement kiln collaborative treatment and other technologies. Conditional areas should integrate various treatment technologies to solve the problem of domestic garbage disposal.
Considering the actual situation in different regions, we should adhere to the combination of centralized treatment and decentralized treatment, and encourage centralized construction of treatment facilities in areas with relatively convenient transportation. Gradually co-ordinate the planning and construction of municipal solid waste treatment facilities, and give priority to bringing township solid waste with relatively convenient transportation into the municipal solid waste treatment system.
(2) Improve the collection and transportation system.
1. Construction task. Strengthen the collection of domestic garbage, improve the collection rate and collection and transportation efficiency, and expand the collection coverage. In areas with convenient transportation and developed economy, it is necessary to further increase the collection capacity of urban and rural domestic garbage through various channels such as taking cities as villages. Urban built-up areas should realize the complete collection of domestic garbage; Towns with a permanent population of more than 30,000 people (hereinafter referred to as "key towns") shall establish and improve the domestic garbage collection and transfer system. Conditional areas should promote the construction of domestic waste collection and transportation system in accordance with the principle of urban and rural planning. Cities that carry out domestic waste classification should establish a collection and transportation system that is connected with domestic waste classification, resource utilization and harmless treatment, and improve the collection and transportation network.
During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, it is planned to increase the transportation capacity by 457,000 tons/day, including 230,000 tons/day in cities and 227,000 tons/day in counties and key towns; It is planned to increase the transportation capacity by 457,000 tons/day, including 229,000 tons/day in urban areas and 228,000 tons/day in county towns and key towns.
2. Construction requirements. Promote the domestic waste compression collection and transfer mode, make overall arrangements for domestic waste transfer stations, and strengthen the construction and upgrading of domestic waste compression transfer stations. Promote closed collection and transportation, cancel open collection and transportation, reduce and avoid secondary pollution in the process of domestic garbage collection and transportation, and all large and medium-sized cities should realize closed collection and transportation during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Study and apply the Internet of Things technology, and explore a new collection and transportation mode with optimized route, reasonable cost, high efficiency and environmental protection.
(3) Strengthen inventory management.
1. Construction task. Control the stock of informal domestic garbage dumps and substandard domestic garbage treatment facilities formed due to historical reasons, so as to meet the requirements of standards and norms.
Carry out some rectification on the garbage dump of informal life. On the basis of environmental assessment, it is necessary to formulate a treatment plan, carry out comprehensive improvement, and give priority to the treatment of key areas such as water sources and urban-rural fringe.
Upgrade and close substandard domestic waste treatment facilities. For the leachate treatment facilities that are not up to standard, it is necessary to build or renovate leachate treatment facilities as soon as possible, and strictly control the discharge of pollutants from landfills. For landfills with the value of landfill gas collection and utilization, landfill gas collection, utilization and reprocessing should be carried out to reduce greenhouse gas emissions such as methane. The landfill treatment facilities that have expired shall be closed in accordance with the relevant requirements.
During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, it is estimated that 1882 stock control projects will be implemented. Among them, there are 503 unqualified domestic waste treatment facilities renovation projects, 802 sanitary landfill closure projects and 577 informal domestic garbage disposal projects.
2. Construction requirements. In the process of upgrading and closing the existing facilities, landfill gas should be collected and utilized in time, leachate should be treated to achieve the discharge standard, and ecological restoration should be carried out according to the requirements of the specification.
The treatment of informal domestic garbage dumps should be combined with the characteristics of different types of garbage dumps, such as scale, facilities, site geological structure, surrounding environmental conditions, and use after restoration. , and formulate a clear treatment plan for pile formation, landfill gas collection and treatment, site closure and coverage, surface water control, leachate collection and treatment and other ancillary works. For environmentally sensitive areas, aerobic landfill technologies such as aeration ventilation, air extraction and watering can be used to promote the rapid degradation of landfill waste. In areas with large landfill volume, development value and shortage of land resources or incineration facilities, garbage in landfills can be developed and utilized, and renewable resources such as metals can be recovered. Subscreens rich in nutrients can be used as green soil, high calorific value garbage can be burned, and large inorganic garbage can be backfilled.
(4) Promote the classified treatment of kitchen waste.
1. Construction task. Select a number of qualified cities and counties, continue to promote the classified collection and transportation of kitchen waste on the basis of starting the kitchen waste treatment work, and build facilities for resource utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen waste according to the principle of moderate scale and relative concentration. Encourage the use of kitchen waste to produce oil, biogas, organic fertilizer, feed, etc. , and strengthen the use. Encourage the joint treatment of kitchen waste and other organic degradable waste.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will focus on promoting the construction of pilot cities for resource utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen waste, actively promote the classified collection, transportation and treatment of kitchen waste in cities with districts, and strive to achieve a processing capacity of 30,000 tons/day.
2. Construction requirements. Set up special collection containers and transport vehicles for kitchen waste, ensure the classified collection and closed transportation of kitchen waste, improve the collection and transportation system of kitchen waste, popularize mature and stable resource utilization technologies, and improve the resource utilization level of kitchen waste. Improve the declaration and registration system of the whole process of kitchen waste from generation to collection, transportation and treatment, and effectively supervise the flow of kitchen waste and its resource products.
(five) the implementation of domestic waste classification.
1. Construction task. According to the characteristics, treatment methods and management level of local domestic waste, all localities should scientifically formulate classification methods, clarify work objectives, implementation steps and policies and measures, and gradually promote them. Recently, a classification demonstration was carried out focusing on moisture control, and domestic waste was classified by dry and wet methods to reduce the moisture content of kitchen waste. The key points include: (1) equipped with domestic waste sorting facilities to reduce the water content of kitchen waste. Reasonable allocation of garbage sorting collection bags, sorting collection barrels and sorting transport vehicles. (2) Construction of garbage classification and transfer facilities matching with garbage classification and delivery, upgrading of garbage mixed collection and transfer stations, and establishment of kitchen garbage collection and transportation system. Relying on community waste recycling stations, we will improve the recycling network of renewable resources and the construction of trading and distribution markets. (3) Build garbage disposal facilities suitable for classified garbage and promote the construction of large-scale sorting and distribution centers for renewable resources.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will comprehensively promote the construction of pilot cities for domestic waste classification, and all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should build more than 1 demonstration cities for domestic waste classification, and gradually promote them on the basis of demonstration.
2. Construction requirements. Cities that carry out pilot classification should formulate feasible implementation plans for domestic waste classification treatment, and vigorously promote it according to the principle of "easy first, difficult later, and step by step". Establish a complete classification system, perfect transportation and treatment system, and set up corresponding collection, transportation and treatment systems according to the types of garbage. Recyclable materials will be included in the recycling channel of renewable resources, and waste fluorescent lamps and thermometers containing mercury will be collected and transported stably and treated separately in hazardous waste. Focus on promoting the dry and wet classification of domestic waste, encourage residents to classify and put kitchen waste and other waste separately, and gradually establish a collection and transportation system for kitchen waste. Where conditions permit, kitchen waste can be collected and recycled separately.
(6) Strengthening the capacity building of supervision.
1. Construction task. Make full use of the existing digital urban management information system, municipal public facilities supervision system and environmental supervision system, and improve the construction, operation and emission supervision system of domestic waste treatment facilities. Domestic waste incineration facilities should be equipped with automatic emission monitoring system and over-standard alarm device, focusing on domestic waste incineration plants to speed up real-time monitoring of operation process.
Before the end of 20 15, the installation rate of real-time monitoring devices in incineration treatment facilities will reach 100%, and other treatment facilities will reach more than 50%.
2. Construction requirements. Strengthen the construction and operation information statistics of harmless treatment facilities for municipal solid waste. Focus on promoting the real-time monitoring of the operation status of the main facilities of incineration plants and the landfill operation of sanitary landfills, and strengthen the monitoring of flue gas emissions from incineration facilities and leachate and landfill gas emissions from sanitary landfills.