(1) Open-minded. The drying height is 30 ~ 70cm. There are three main branches, the azimuth 120 degrees, and the horizontal angle with the ground is 40 ~ 50 degrees. There are 1 ~ 2 side branches on the main branch. The first lateral branch is 50 ~ 60cm； away from the trunk; The second lateral branch is 40 ~ 50 cm away from the first lateral branch. 20 ~ 30 large and medium-sized fruiting mother branches are arranged on each main side branch. The single stem is open-minded, which is suitable for close planting gardens with a row spacing of 2m× (3.5 ~ 4) meters and planting 100 plants per 667m2.

Single-stem open-heart tree structure

(2) three dry and happy. The whole tree bears three branches directly, the azimuth angle is 120 degrees, and the horizontal angle is 40 ~ 50 degrees from the ground. There are 3 ~ 4 lateral branches on both sides of each big branch. The first lateral branch is 60-70cm away from the ground; Other lateral branches are 40 ~ 50 cm apart; The distance between ipsilateral branches is about 100 cm. The main branches of the whole tree are in a three-dimensional state, with 40 ~ 60 large and medium-sized fruiting branches arranged. Three stems are heart-shaped, suitable for sparse orchards with row spacing of 3 m× 4 m and 50 ~ 60 plants per hectare.

Three-trunk heart-shaped structure

2. Time and method of shaping and pruning

(1) winter scissors. After defoliation and before germination. There are pruning methods such as shortening, retracting, thinning branches, extending angles, bending branches to change directions, etc., so as to cultivate and maintain high-yield tree structure.

(2) summer scissors. After germination and before defoliation. There are measures such as wiping buds, thinning branches, digging sprouting tillers, holding horns, bending branches, dropping branches, girdling, longitudinal cutting and root cutting. , so as to achieve the purpose of promoting flowering, fruiting, high yield and high quality.

3. Cutting methods of different kinds of trees

(1) Young trees and initial fruit trees. When pruning in winter in the first year after planting, select 1 or 3 robust branches as main branches, cut them short by 50 ~ 70 cm, and sparse the rest branches. After cutting the three stems, pull the branches to make the azimuth angle 120 degrees and the base angle 50 ~ 60 degrees. From the winter of the first year, the trunk of the three trunk trees was cut off from the left and right buds at the new branch length of 60 ~ 70 cm. The two branches born next year have a shortcut and a slow release result. This is done alternately until the tree is completed. When cutting a single-stem tree in the winter of the following year, leave three main branches of 50 ~ 60 cm, and choose the left and right buds for short cutting. In the future, the two new branches cut should also be cut short and put slowly until the tree is completed. In the process of plastic surgery, the flourishing branches on the back of various branches become thinner or deformed. Leave more middle branchlets, thin out the branches that are too dense, and cut off the budding branches at the kerf.

(2) Fruitful trees. The branch axis is too long and retracts from the strong branch at the middle and rear. Branches with too large an angle are obviously weak and retract from branches with small middle and rear angles and vigorous growth. Sparse dead branches of pests and diseases in the crown, sprouting branches of scissors and saws, slender twigs and dense large and medium branches that are easy to cause lush branches. The strong branches in the periphery and middle and upper part of the crown are either drained or leveled to transform the fruiting branches.

(3) The trees are aging. For big branches that are too weak, cut them from the middle and lower parts and take back strong new branches. The trunk of the difficult-to-grow new branch is sawed off from 60 ~ 70 cm above the ground. When the trunk is dead and useless, it is sawed off the ground and remolded with new buds.

(4) trees that let themselves drift. Choose 3 ~ 4 branches with suitable angles and many branches as the trunk. Other branches are sawed off once or gradually in 2-3 years. Take back the selected branches appropriately. Adjust its upper branches and branch groups. The leafy branches become sparse or deformed. For the middle and long branches with dense students, measures such as "seeing three and drawing one" or "letting one go and shrinking one" should be taken.