You want to make it with meat, right? That needs peeling, filling, shaping and fixing.

I found some information for you, hoping to help you:

After receiving animal carcasses, the internal organs of the animals are first taken out, filled with fillers, and then treated with chemicals. Then, put the pet on a wooden chassis, put it in a freeze-dryer and freeze-dry it at 12 degrees Fahrenheit. An air pump sucks the air out of the freeze-dryer to vacuum it, and the ice in the animal will slowly turn into water droplets and seep out until the whole pet is dry. Depending on the size of the pet, the whole drying process takes different time. Small pets only need two months, and older pets need six months. Finally, the decoration, such as spraying some red on the tongue to make it look more lively, tidying up the fur and so on. When all the procedures are completed, a perfect pet specimen is ready, almost to the point of confusing the real with the fake.

And the production process:

Small mammals can be divided into fake specimens for scientific research and ecological specimens for teaching and exhibition.

① Pseudodissection specimen (taking rats as an example)

fruit peel

Put the mouse on the dissecting disc and plastic cloth, and cut the skin along the front of anus in the middle of abdomen to the back of sternum with a scalpel. Don't use too much force during the operation, so as not to cut the abdominal cavity and pollute the fur. Then use a knife back or tweezers to separate the skin and muscles connected with the incision and hind limbs, respectively push the hind limbs out of the incision, cut the knee joint and remove the muscles on the calf, peel off the muscles around the back, and then cut off the joint of genitalia, rectum and skin. Clean up the connective tissue around the caudal base, hold the caudal base tightly with your left hand, and slowly pull the caudal vertebra upward with your right hand until it is completely pulled out, then peel it off to the forelimb, cut it off at the elbow joint, remove the muscle and peel it off to the head, and use a scalpel to cling to the skull to the ear. When you cut or cut off the ear root to the eye, you can see a layer of white omentum-like eyelid margin, and after carefully cutting the lower end of the omentum, your eyes will be exposed. When peeling off the upper and lower lips, first cut off the cartilage at the tip of the nose, and then peel off the lower lip with a scalpel. At this point, the skin and the body have been separated, the fat in the skin and the muscles attached to the skin are removed, the antiseptic is evenly coated, a little cotton is wrapped around the bones of the limbs to replace the original muscles, and then the mouse skin is turned over to form a straight tube with the skin facing outwards.

fill up

The 1 bamboo, which is slightly thinner and smoother than the original coccyx, is used to fake the coccyx, or lead wire is tightly wrapped around cotton to make a dummy tail, which is inserted into the tail of rats, and the dummy tail is longer than the original tail, reaching the abdominal cavity 1/2, so that the tail is fixed and the whole body is supported. Then, the fluffy cotton is kneaded into a shape that is thin at the front and thick at the back, the front end of the cotton is clamped with big tweezers, and then it is tightly inserted into the head from the opening, and then the fluffy cotton is properly filled in the insufficient parts of limbs and trunk. At this point, the cut coccyx should be close to the cotton in the abdomen, so that the coccyx does not become warped. When sewing the incision, the specimen should be put straight and the needle should be sewn from the inside out.

Plastics and fixing

The quality of specimen making has a great relationship with plastic surgery. During plastic surgery, the specimen should be placed horizontally on the table, with the head facing left, the front legs retracted, the palms facing down, the hind legs straight, the soles of the feet facing up, and the tail flat, and cotton should be picked up with tweezers to look like a slightly convex eyeball. Hair should be neat, ears should be upright, head should be slightly pointed and hips should be arched. The label is attached to the right foot, the specimen is placed on the fixing plate, and the limbs are fixed with pins. After drying in the shade, the fake peeled specimen was made. (2) The ecological specimens of museums, teaching and other units often make animal specimens into life postures for popular science. The method of stripping is basically the same as that of pseudo-stripping specimens. When filling, only lead wire (steel bar or steel plate for large animals) is needed to support its limbs. The type of lead wire used depends on the size of the animal itself. The head, limbs and tail are supported by 1 wire respectively. The lead wire of the head is first rolled with cotton into the same thickness and length as the original muscle of the neck, and one end is fixed on the skull. You can also keep the original skull. In addition, the 1 lead was inserted into the limb from the sole of the foot along the posterior side of the limb bone, leaving a section for fixation. Lead wire is bent along the bones of the limbs and tied to the bones with thread. It is still necessary to add cotton to the limbs to replace the original muscles. The coccyx should not be made of bamboo, but must be made of lead wire in various postures.

(2) Specimen making of medium-sized mammals generally refers to rabbits, marmots, giant squirrels and weasels, such as weasels. The preparation method is basically the same as that of small mammals. Because this specimen is relatively large, the opening of the abdomen is slightly larger. When filling the body with bamboo filaments, a bamboo stick is needed to support the body.

(3) Specimen making of large mammals generally refers to tigers, leopards, wild boar, deer, etc. And there are generally two methods of making, ecological specimens and preserving skin and skull without filling prosthesis for scientific research. Taking this kind of specimen as an example, it can be made from the root of the tail to the snout and the inside of the limbs. However, when dealing with horned cloven-hoofed animals, it is necessary to open a "ya" mouth between the two horns and the back of the neck, and cut off the skin around the root of the horn; When the angle is large, it needs to be operated on the neck side. In addition, the hooves and claws of the limbs need to stay on the skin.

(4) Preparation of liquid immersion specimens of some small animals (such as bats and mice). ), this method can be used to prevent decay and alopecia, because the field work conditions can not be completed at one time, or because the purpose of classification can not be clearly seen after the specimen is dried, and because of the research needs of internal organs. The method is to soak the organs exposed from the abdominal opening with 75% alcohol solution or 5 ~ 10% formalin solution. Before soaking, each specimen should be tied with a numbered bamboo stick for easy reference.

(5) Preparation of bone specimens by insect erosion This method is suitable for preparing various bone specimens of vertebrates. Take animal specimens as an example. In the past, they were usually peeled and eviscerated first, then cooked with clear water, and then the muscles attached to bones were removed with tweezers. However, it was time-consuming and laborious, which easily damaged the specimens and affected their classification, identification and collection. In recent years, China has adopted the carnivorous habit of Coleoptera insect-dermatophyte larvae to remove muscles attached to bones, and achieved good results. Introduction is as follows.

① Morphology and insect origin

The body of the skin worm we use is oval, black or auburn, or patterned, with a body length of 2 ~12 mm; Larvae has segmented body and long hair. House dust mites are distributed in the north and south of China. They not only like to eat meat, but also bite books, clothes, rawhide sheets, medicinal materials and so on. When this method is carried out, it is necessary to collect and cultivate insect groups first, and it is best to collect midges in warm spring and summer. At this time, you can attract them with flesh and blood, or you can collect them in slaughterhouses where midges often move, stalls selling flesh and blood, and fur warehouses of animal husbandry companies.

② Culture

Insect erosion method puts the collected midges into smooth containers, such as rectangular iron boxes and large glass containers. The bottom of the container can be covered with a layer of cotton. If the container is large, a layer of big-eye partition or barbed wire can be added within a certain distance. In order to make the air in the container circulate, it is not easy to climb out. Open a window at the top and cover it with fine barbed wire. Peeling, cleaning, drying, air-drying and putting the dead bodies of wild animals or insects into a container. At this time, the temperature of the container should be kept at 27 ~ 29℃ and the humidity should not exceed 70%. In order to maintain a certain temperature and humidity, you can put a small dish filled with water in the container. If the temperature and humidity are moderate, the skulls of small mammals can be cleaned in just over ten hours, and sometimes it takes 2 ~ 3 days for medium animals. When this method is implemented, it should be checked at any time to avoid bone loss caused by excessive moth-eaten. Completely dehydrated dry specimens should be soaked in water. This method should be carried out after the muscles are soft and dry. After insect erosion, bone specimens still retain the original color of bones. If it is not used for classification and identification, 4% hydrogen peroxide can be applied to the bone surface to obtain a white specimen.

③ Precautions

House dust mite is an important pest, so it should be prevented from escaping and causing harm when raised. When there are too many insects or stop feeding, you can use boiling water or fire.

(6) There are generally two methods to make bat specimens according to their uses.

① liquid immersion specimen

Bats are social animals, and sometimes they are caught at once. Except for some specimens, the rest can be preserved in 70% alcohol solution. The method is to cut a gap in the abdomen of the bat, and the size of the gap is subject to the immersion of the solution into the viscera. Scientific research needs to record all kinds of measurement data before soaking in liquid, and then write down the specimen number on the bamboo pole with drawing ink or pencil, tie it to the left foot (the line should be short to avoid winding) and put it in a container. After the field work, it should be identified as soon as possible, and people should be put into a jar with 70% alcohol solution in the unit of "species", and the scientific name, place of origin and collection time should still be indicated outside the bottle.

② Pseudodissection specimen.

This method can be used to make scientific research specimens.

Skinning is divided into back skinning and abdomen skinning. Because the thick back is not easy to destroy the classification of specimens and has obvious characteristics, it is better to peel the back. The specific operation method is as follows. Cut from the back 1 ~ 2 cm away from the tail end, cut along the back line to the waist, gently separate the meat with your hands, hold the hind limb with your hands, cut at the joint between the femur and the body, remove all muscles, and do the same for the other hind limb. The penis bone can be cut off from the base. When removing genitalia and rectum, clamp the caudal base with tweezers, pull out the caudal vertebra with your left hand, then turn over the skin, peel off the flesh from the chest, cut off the upper arm bone and scapula, pull out and scrape off the muscles. When dealing with the head, use a knife close to the skull to cut off the ear root, eye margin and upper and lower lips in turn. Finally, in order to prevent insects from eating in the skin, arsenic is evenly spread everywhere.

package

Turn the hair outward, pull the upper humerus, forearm radius and hind limbs back to their original positions, and replace the coccyx with peeled bamboo sticks or thin lead wires. Take a lump of cotton which is 1 times larger than the original volume, fold one end into a skull shape, clamp it with tweezers, push it up from the back opening to the kissing end, and then make up for the deficiency with extra cotton. At this time, the false coccyx should be placed on the upper part of cotton. Fill it out before sewing. There is no need to sew a kiss. Just pull down the upper lip and cover the lower lip. Straighten your hair and do preliminary plastic surgery with your abdomen facing up. During plastic surgery, the chest is slightly fuller than the original shape, the abdomen is naturally flat, and other parts are arranged according to the original shape.

Fixed; unchangeable

The pterygoid membrane of bat specimens is brittle and easy to fold after drying in the shade, so it must be sewn on hard paper, which is not only difficult to deform, but also will not be damaged after long-term use. The method is to take a piece of hard paper (horse manure paper is enough) which is larger than the one-sided spread-wing specimen, and sew the abdomen of the molded specimen up on the paper. It is customary to fold the right wing and extend the left wing, with a fixed point, a needle and a thread. The external morphological features of bats are mostly concentrated in the head, so it is necessary to arrange the ears (including tragus) and nose wings after sewing, and carefully shape them in the process of drying in the shade, so that they can still maintain their original shapes after drying in the shade. Bat skulls are also essential for classification and identification, and can be sewn on paper with specimens.