The Forbidden City is the most complete and largest ancient palace complex in China and the world at present. The Forbidden City was built in the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (AD 146) and in the eighteenth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (AD 142). Since Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, moved to Beijing, 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties lived here and ruled the whole country. In 1987, it was rated as a cultural heritage by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee and included in the World Heritage List. The meaning of architecture in Latin is a huge craft, which shows that the technology and art of architecture are inseparable. The Forbidden City is a huge architectural art treasure. The artistic language and means of expression of architecture are very rich, including space, shape, proportion, balance, rhythm, color, decoration and many other factors, which are isomorphic to form the plastic beauty of architectural art. Below we will appreciate the plastic beauty of the architectural art of the Forbidden City from these aspects. Space is the basic form factor of architecture. Architecture mainly meets people's actual needs by creating various internal and external spaces, and skillfully handling space can greatly enhance the expressive force of architectural art.
The architectural art of the Forbidden City is mainly the art of group combination. The connection, transition and transformation between groups constitute a rich spatial sequence. The Forbidden City is generally divided into two parts: the front dynasty in the south and the back bedroom in the north. In the south, centered on the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, and flanked by the two halls of Wenhua and Wuying, it is the place where the emperor went to the court to receive greetings, meet his ministers and hold large-scale ceremonies. Built on an I-shaped three-story platform with a height of more than 8 meters and surrounded by stone railings, the three halls are the most spectacular buildings in the Forbidden City, showing extraordinary lofty status. Among them, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the highest-ranking and largest building in the Forbidden City, and it is also the largest existing ancient wooden house in China. The northern half is centered on Ganqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Housan Palace of Kunning Palace, East Palace, West Palace and Royal Garden, with Fengxian Hall and Imperial Palace on the east side and hall of mental cultivation, Yuhua Pavilion and Cining Palace on the west side, which is the place where the emperor and his empresses, princes and princesses live, hold sacrifices and religious activities and handle daily affairs.
It is composed of the preface of Tiananmen Square, Duanmen Gate and Wumen Gate, the transition of Taihe Gate, the climax of Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall, the climax of Ganqing Palace after the transition of Ganqing Gate, and finally the ending of the Imperial Garden, which runs through with cadence. Form, mainly refers to the overall outline of the building. The architecture of the Forbidden City is magnificent and huge. It is 961 meters long from north to south and 753 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of more than 72, square meters, with a total construction area of more than 16, square meters and over 8,7 existing houses. Surrounded by a wall about 1 meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. There is a city gate around the city wall, and the noon gate in the south is the main entrance of the Forbidden City, the Shenwumen in the north, the Donghuamen in the east and the Xihuamen in the west. The whole building space of the Forbidden City is rich in changes, magnificent in size, magnificent in appearance, followed by the master, showing the grand momentum of being solemn and exclusive to the emperor. Proportion, mainly refers to skillfully handling the proportional relationship between various parts of the building, the proportion of length, width and height in the building, the proportion of concave and convex, the proportion of virtual and real, etc., all directly affect the beauty of the building.
The harmony in proportion of the whole building of the Forbidden City is amazing. Take the roof form, the most prominent feature in the appearance of ancient buildings in China, as an example, the roofs of the three halls facing the outside world (Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe) are different. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the roof of the double-eaves Daidian, the Hall of Zhonghe is the four-corner pyramidal roof, and the Hall of Baohe is the double-eaves Xieding Mountain. The application of different roof forms, in addition to the influence of feudal hierarchy, also makes these three closely connected palaces more distinct through obvious contrast in architectural image. In particular, the four towers of the Forbidden City have more complex and ingenious roof structures, harmonious proportions of all parts, beautiful cornices and exquisite and unique shapes, thus becoming the symbol of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Balance mainly refers to the symmetry of the building in composition, including the relationship between the front and back, the left and right, and the upper and lower parts of the building. Balance and symmetry often give people a sense of seriousness and increase the lofty aesthetic feeling. As a complete building complex, the Forbidden City is very balanced and symmetrical, in which each building is spread on a central axis from south to north, and the center of the whole building complex is the tall Hall of Supreme Harmony, which extends from south to north.
The architectural layout of the Forbidden City Palace extends along the north-south central axis to the east and west sides. Rhythm means that through regular changes and arrangements, the walls, columns, doors, windows and other orderly repetitions of buildings are used to produce a kind of rhythmic beauty or rhythmic beauty. It is at this point that architecture and music have similarities, so people describe them as solidified music and flowing buildings respectively. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once specially studied the colonnades of the Forbidden City, and found a very obvious sense of rhythm and rhythm from it. From Tiananmen Gate to Wumen Gate, there is an obvious sense of rhythm, and the columns on both sides are arranged rhythmically, forming a continuous spatial sequence. Color often constitutes the unique artistic image of architecture, giving people a unique aesthetic feeling and unforgettable impression. The yellow glazed tile roofs of the main buildings of the Forbidden City in Beijing are resplendent, and the scarlet columns, doors and windows, and the architectural color paintings of turquoise with a little gold under the eaves are set off by the white abutment, which makes the outlines of all parts of the building more vivid and unique, thus making the building more magnificent.
Using these strong colors in architecture can achieve such a perfect artistic effect. As an organic part of buildings, it also plays an important role in creating buildings, and it can add luster to buildings. The architecture of the Forbidden City pays great attention to the decoration of the roof. It not only makes upturned cornices at the corners, but also adorns them with various carvings and paintings, and often adds gorgeous animal decorations on the roofs. Even the doornails arranged in nine or nine on various doors in the Forbidden City have a very strong national cultural connotation as decoration. In short, it is through the coordination and unity of space, shape, proportion, balance, rhythm, color, decoration and other factors that the unique spatial modeling beauty of the Forbidden City architectural art is formed. The halls and terraces are strewn at random and magnificent. The architecture of the Forbidden City embodies the excellent tradition and unique style of ancient architectural art in China, and it is a classic of ancient architecture in China.
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