Blue morning glory
Flowers are axillary, and single or usually two flowers are inserted at the top of the peduncle. The peduncle is different in length, with a length of 1.5- 18.5 cm, usually shorter than the petiole, sometimes longer, and the hairs are the same stem. Bracts linear or leaflike, spreading bristles; Pedicel 2-7 mm long; Bracteoles linear; Sepals are nearly the same length, 2-2.5 cm long, lanceolate and linear, with 2 pieces on the inner surface slightly narrow, and the outward spreading bristles are dense at the base, sometimes mixed with pubescence; Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-8(- 10) cm long, blue-purple or purple-red, corolla tube light color; Stamens and styles embedded; Stamens are unequal in length; Filament base pilose; Ovary glabrous, stigma capitate. [ 1]
Capsule subglobose, 0.8- 1.3 cm in diameter, 3-valved. [1] The seeds are ovoid, triangular, about 6 mm long, dark brown or beige, and covered with short brown fluff. [3]
growing environment
Born in mountain thickets at an altitude of 100-200(- 1600) meters, beside dry valleys, beside garden houses, beside mountain roads, or for cultivation. [ 1]
Strong adaptability, like sunshine, but also resistant to semi-shade. I like to be warm and cool, but I can also resist heat and high temperature, but I am not cold and afraid of frost. I like fat and loose mounds, which are resistant to water, humidity, drought and salinity. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 18-23℃, and the seedlings can grow above 10℃. [4]
distribution range
Petunia is distributed in most areas of China except northwest and northeast provinces. [1] This species is native to tropical America and has been widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. [ 1]
breeding method
sow seeds
Morning glory shade fruit has different maturity, and it is easy to crack after maturity, so it should be picked with maturity. If the fruit is harvested and dried indoors, the seeds are taken out after cracking and stored in a cool and dry place. It can be planted in the warm area of the south of the Yangtze River in all seasons, and it takes a long time to watch, but it is mainly spring flowers in autumn and summer flowers in spring. The northern area blooms early, and seedlings can be planted in greenhouses or greenhouses in spring, and the number of seedling days is 35-45 days. Because morning glory seeds have hard shells, cut the seed coat before sowing, or soak the seeds for 24 hours before sowing; Or soak the seeds, put them in an environment of 20-25℃ to accelerate germination, and sow after germination. The seeds treated above are faster and more uniform than those directly sown. Morning glory seeds are large, but the germination rate is not high, so the common open field method is to sow 3-5 seeds at a time, and then raise seedlings after emergence. After germination, it can be directly sown in containers, and seedlings can be directly cultivated in containers with a diameter of 7-8 cm, and each container can sow 1 germinated seed. Withdraw the seedbed for sowing, and the sowing amount per square meter of seedbed is 200-250g, and the covering soil thickness should be about 2 cm, not too thin, otherwise it will be easy to be unearthed with a cap. If the seeds are sown directly without treatment, they will emerge in 7-8 days under suitable conditions. [4]
After sowing the seedlings, move them into containers as soon as possible to cultivate the seedlings. 5-7 days before planting, cooling and hardening the seedlings, and planting in the open field after the final frost. Morning glory has deep roots, so it is better not to transplant it directly if conditions permit. [4]
floor
Morning glory can also be planted without layering seedlings, pressing the nodes of vines into the soil, cutting them off and rooting them. [4]
cultivation techniques
grow seedlings
The germination temperature of morning glory seeds is 20-30℃, which is usually sown at the end of April and the beginning of May (it can be earlier in the south), and the seeds are sown in fine sand seedbeds by varieties. Germinate for about 10 days when the humidity is moderate. After about 10 days, the cotyledons will be completely open. When the real Ye Gang germinates, it should be transplanted into a small pot. Too early seedlings are weak, and too late roots are damaged, which is not conducive to future development. Small pots should be marked with varieties. [5]
Hua Teng
liquid manure
Potted soil can be sandy loam rich in humus, which is made of humus 4 parts, garden soil 5 parts and river sand 1 part, and a small amount of bone meal is applied as base fertilizer at the bottom of the pot. 1 week, apply dilute liquid fertilizer. In other periods, pancake fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied every 2-3 weeks. Spraying 1-2 times of 0.2% potassium dichloride aqueous solution in bud stage will make the flowers large and colorful. Water often, especially in summer, but there should be no water in the basin. Morning glory likes sunshine, so it should be cultivated in the sunny place of the courtyard or on the balcony or windowsill facing south. [6]
Field planting
When Petunia is potted, after the seedlings in the small pot grow two or three true leaves, the root system can be planted in the middle pot, and the base fertilizer can be added in advance. The root development of morning glory needs temperature. According to Japanese researchers, using black pot to absorb heat is better than using red pot to absorb heat. Turn the pots frequently, so that the sun shines evenly and the roots develop well.
Pick a heart
After the real leaves of morning glory grow to three or four pieces, vines begin to grow in the center, which should be removed at this time. After the first pit removal, branches and vines were born between the axils of leaves. After the branches and vines grow three or four leaves, the core is removed and combined with plastic surgery. Top dressing should be applied after each pit removal, and the fertilizer used is similar to that used by chrysanthemums. Be careful not to let fertilizer and soil pollute the leaves (including cotyledons) to avoid the leaves falling off. When vines grow, they will enter flowering period (usually one month after planting). Ideally, the first leaf of the vine will have axillary buds, and the second and third leaves will have flower buds in the axils. [5]
Seed maintenance and hybridization
Good varieties must keep good seeds, and they should be classified and labeled when they mature in autumn. If there are varieties, they should be kept. After selecting the female parent and the male parent, cut off the upper end of the bud at dusk the day before flowering, then remove the stamens and wrap them with wax paper. The next morning, take off the wax paper bag, pollinate it artificially with the stamens of the male parent, and then wrap it with wax paper. After a week or two, the wax paper package can be removed, but the pollination package must be marked and recorded. In the second year, all the hybrid seeds should be planted well, and the results can only be seen after flowering, so as to study the role of various genetic factors.
systems modelling