Growth habits like to grow in river alluvial plains, beaches, beaches, wet saline-alkali land, sandy wasteland.
Tamarix chinensis is resistant to high temperature and cold; It is a light-loving tree species and is not tolerant to shade. It is resistant to sunlight, dryness, water and humidity, wind and saline-alkali, and can grow on heavy saline-alkali soil with salt content of 65438 0%. Deep roots, the main lateral roots are extremely developed, and the main roots often extend into the groundwater layer, and the deepest part can reach more than 10m, with strong germination and resistance to pruning and cutting; It grows rapidly, with an annual growth of 50~80cm, reaching 2.5~3.0m in 4~5 years, with many flowers and fruits, and the tree age can reach more than 100 years.
The origin is distributed in wild Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu (North), Anhui (North) and other provinces; Cultivated in the eastern and southwestern provinces of China. It is also cultivated in Japan and the United States.
Propagation methods The propagation of Tamarix chinensis mainly includes cutting, sowing, layering, rameting and in vitro propagation.
1 year-old cuttings with a diameter of about 1cm were selected as cuttings, and cuttings with a length of about 25cm could be cut in spring and autumn. Using flat bed cutting, the bed width is 1.2m, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is about 10cm. It can also be clustered, with 2~3 root cutting spikes per cluster. In order to improve the survival rate, ABT rooting powder 100mg/kg can be soaked for about 2 hours before cutting. Irrigation immediately after cutting, and irrigation every 10d/time thereafter, the survival rate can reach over 90%.
Tamarix ramosissima has low requirements on soil in the selection of sowing and seedling raising sites, and is drought-resistant, water-resistant, moisture-resistant and salt-tolerant. However, in order to cultivate the whole seedling, it is best to choose sandy loam with fertile, loose and breathable soil, level the land, apply a layer of organic fertilizer evenly, and arrange the seedbed, and the border width is about1m. The maturity of various Tamarix seeds is different, some species are in May-June, and some species mature in autumn. When the seeds are ripe, the fruits will go on the market, and they will be flossed and fly with the wind, so they must be harvested in time. When collecting seeds, choose plants that grow vigorously, collect fruits in the shade and store them in a dry place to prevent mildew. Tamarix seeds have no post-ripening process, and can be sown after harvesting. Some Tamarix seeds quickly lose their germination ability. When Tamarix elongates, the germination rate drops from 70% to 20% 20 days after harvest, and the germination ability is completely lost in about 2 months. But some seeds are not easy to lose germination ability. Sowing is usually done in summer, but it is also done in the spring of the following year. Before sowing, thoroughly irrigate the seedbed, and then spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed. Because the seeds are small, they can be sown with sand, generally about 59/m2, and then covered with thin fine soil or fine sand, or they can be uncovered, so that they can penetrate into the soil with water and closely contact with the soil. Three days after sowing, most of the seeds germinated and emerged, and about 10d. Pay attention to watering during seedling management and emergence, and water 1 times every three days to keep the soil moist; After all the seedlings come out, the irrigation times can be reduced and the irrigation amount can be increased. Seedling 1 year can grow to 50~70cm, and can be directly planted in nursery.
Tamarix ramosissima is propagated in layers, and healthy plants are selected. Peel the bark 3-4 cm from the branch 40 cm away from the ground near the ground to expose the cambium. Then put the peeled part into the soil, fix it with a weighted stake, make it closely contact with the soil, water it in time, and adventitious roots can be produced in about 5 days, about 10d days, and transplant it away from the mother plant.
Tamarix ramosissima is generally distributed in clusters, and 1 cluster has about hundreds of branches. Before Tamarix chinensis germinates in spring, the roots of Tamarix chinensis can be dug out, and 1 cluster Tamarix chinensis can be divided into about 10 plants, and then replanted. This method needs a certain slow seedling period to grow normally.
Dormant buds can be used as explants for primary culture of Tamarix chinensis in vitro. The healthy branches with a diameter of about 3mm formed in that year were cut into 1.5~2.0cm long segments with a scalpel. Rinse the slices with tap water first, then soak them in 70%~75% alcohol for 30 seconds, and stir them constantly with a glass rod to make the surface of the explant fully contact with alcohol for disinfection. Immediately after pouring out the alcohol, rinse it with sterile water for 3~5 times to rinse off the residual alcohol. Then soak in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution or 0. 1% mercuric chloride solution for 7~8min, pour out these disinfectants, and then rinse with sterile water for 3~5 times. Take out the explants on the sterile filter paper on the sterile operating table to absorb the residual water, put them on another sterile filter paper, and cut them into stem segments with 1 leaf buds. Tamarix chinensis can also use leaves as explants in primary culture. Put the treated explants on the pre-culture medium: MS+0.0 1 mg /LBA+0.0 1 NAA. After one week of observation, the uncontaminated explants were transferred to the culture medium: MS+0.5 mg /LBA+0.02 mg /LNAA+200 mg/L hydrolyzed casein +5% sucrose. The temperature of the culture room is 25~27℃, the fluorescent lamp continuously irradiates 14h, and the light intensity is about 2000lx. After 1 month of culture, the stem segments (leaves) can differentiate into buds, and the induced buds are cut off from the base and transferred to the newly prepared strong seedling medium. The medium of strong seedling is 1/2MS+2% sucrose+100mg/L hydrolyzed casein. After about 1 month of culture, it can grow into a robust small plant with 4~5 leaves. A large number of rootless seedlings can be obtained by cutting the seedlings into stem segments with leaves and inserting them into differentiation medium again. At this time, these rootless seedlings were respectively inserted into rooting medium for rooting. Rooting medium: 1/2 ms+0.5mg/ Ba Li +0.05 mg/lnaa+5% activated carbon +2% sucrose; 12h alternating light and shade; The light intensity is 1500lx, and after about 1 month of culture, robust and complete seedlings with 6-7 leaves can be grown.
Field management of Tamarix cultivation technology Tamarix does not need special management after planting, and it is easy to survive, and the requirements for soil quality are not strict. Loose sandy loam, alkaline soil and neutral soil can be used. Proper watering and topdressing after planting. Tamarix is extremely resistant to pruning. In the spring and summer growth period, it can be properly drained and reshaped, and the branches that are too dense can be cut off to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. It is feasible to prune 1 time after defoliation in autumn. In the garden, the grower can prune it properly to cultivate and maintain a beautiful tree shape. When cutting strips or sand fixation are planted in a large area, attention should be paid to protecting the robust growth of bud strips, properly loosening sparse and redundant branches, and properly cultivating rhizosphere in winter.
Pests and diseases control The main pest of Tamarix chinensis is Spodoptera pyriformis, which can be controlled by spraying 800~ 1000 times trichlorfon in larval stage. Aphids can spray 40% dimethoate 2000 times. Seedling blight is the main disease of Tamarix chinensis, with four types of symptoms in different periods. Therefore, we should actively do a good job in prevention and control.
Tamarix commonly used methods are:
1. Sprinkle 40% formalin with 0/00 times of water evenly on the seeds, then cover them tightly and pile them up for 2 hours, then spread the seeds out, and the smell will evaporate.
2. Seed dressing with 1.0% carbendazim and planting.
3. Dilute 500 times with 40% formalin solution and spread it evenly on the bed surface.
4. After the seedlings are unearthed, the same amount of Bordeaux solution can be sprayed every 7~ 10d for 2~3 times for prevention. When the disease occurs, the diseased seedlings should be eliminated and sprayed with 2% ferrous sulfate solution.
The main components are tamarisk, tamarisk, tamarisk, β-sitosterol, darcosterol and qrer-cetin-34- dimethyl ether (qrer-) in the dry tender branches and leaves of Tamarix chinensis. Stearic acid, n-triacontane, 12- n-triacontanol (12- n-triacontane) and triacontane acetate. Kaempferol -4- methyl ether, kaempferol-7,4- dimethyl ether, quercetin and quercetin -3- methyl ether were also separated. Gallic acid, methyl gallate -3- methyl ether and trans-2- hydroxy -4- methoxycinnamic acid.
Main value ornamental value is often used as garden ornamental planting.
Tamarix bonsai Tamarix has delicate branches, swaying posture and beautiful flowers. Can be used as a courtyard hedge, suitable for planting waterfront, Chi Pan, bridge head, river bank, dike, etc. In the streets and lanes along the river, if Tamarix is planted, the trees are sparse and the shade hangs, which has a unique style.
Economic value Its twigs are flexible and wear-resistant, and are mostly used for weaving baskets, which are firm and durable; Its branches can also be woven into sticks and handles of farm tools.
Windproof and greening Tamarix chinensis is a tenacious plant, which can grow in harsh environments such as desert, river beach or saline-alkali land. It is one of the excellent tree species that can best adapt to the survival of arid desert and coastal saline-alkali land, prevent wind and fix sand, transform saline-alkali land and green the environment.
The medicinal value of relieving superficial and penetrating rash. Can be used for treating acne rash, common cold, cough and rheumatic bone pain.