1. Because time is also a noun (usually add la, las, el, los before nouns).

2.aquiello means this thing, so quées aquilleo? But what is this, Quillo Isuna Lampara. This is a lamp.

3. It seems to be "What's the date today?"

4.tienes and tiene are different, and the verb (verbo) in Spanish is variable, for example

Yo (I) Tiange

You (you)

El o ella (he or she) tiene and so on. There are many kinds, such as "now", "Pasado" and "future".

I don't know what you mean. But tiempo means "weather" and hacer means "doing" or something. Qué tiempo hace hoy means "What's the weather like today".

If you were in Spain now, you would know the word hacer better, and I don't know how to tell you in Chinese. . . . .