Chinese name: morning glory
Latin scientific name: morning glory. )Choisy
Nickname: morning glory
Double name method: sweet potato nil
Field: the field of plants
Phylum: Angiosperm phylum
Category: Dicotyledonous plants
Objective: Solanaceae
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Petunia
Type: morning glory
Distribution: Native to tropical America.
Flower language: Love will last forever.
Spirit: love, calmness, fantasy.
catalogue
Basic information
morphological character
Habitual characteristics
Main types
Suitable temperature for germination at culture point
grow seedlings
plant
Planting techniques 1. grow seedlings
Step 2: Planting
Pick a heart
Step 4: plastic trimming
Preserve seeds
Pest control and white rust control
Pathogen and pathogenesis
Prevention and cure method
Landscape use
Value use
Related legends
Celebrity and Flower Mei Lanfang, a famous Peking Opera performance artist.
Mr. Wang Tianyi, a famous master of flower and bird painting.
Birthday flowers are born on August 6th.
Painting skill
Expand basic information
morphological character
Habitual characteristics
Main types
Suitable temperature for germination at culture point
grow seedlings
plant
Planting techniques 1. grow seedlings
Step 2: Planting
Pick a heart
Step 4: plastic trimming
Preserve seeds
Pest control and white rust control
Pathogen and pathogenesis
Prevention and cure method
Landscape use
Value use
Related legends
Celebrity and Flower Mei Lanfang, a famous Peking Opera performance artist.
Mr. Wang Tianyi, a famous master of flower and bird painting.
Birthday flowers are born on August 6th.
Painting skill
Expand and edit the basic information of this paragraph.
Morning glory has a common name "Qin Niangzi", as the name implies, it is a very hardworking flower. Whenever the rooster crows overhead, the hour hand still points to the place around the word "4", and the morning glory branches around the fence will open a trumpet-shaped flower. In the morning, people enjoy the fresh air while enjoying the flowers dotted among the green leaves. It's really interesting.
Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph
Morning glory (18 sheets) Morning glory
Annual twining herb with inverted pubescence on its stem, mixed with inverted or spreading long bristles. The leaves are broadly ovoid or suborbicular, deeply or shallowly 3-lobed, even 5-lobed, 4-15cm long and 4.5-14cm wide, the base is round, heart-shaped, the middle lobe is oblong or ovoid, acuminate or acute, the lateral lobes are short, triangular, sharp or round, and the leaves are sparsely or densely covered with bristles; The petiole is 2 ~ 15 cm long and the hairs are the same stem. Flowers are axillary, and one or usually two flowers are inserted at the top of the pedicel. Pedicels vary in length, from1.5 to18.5 cm long, usually shorter than petiole, sometimes longer, and the hairs are the same stem. Bracts linear or leaflike, spreading bristles; Pedicel 2 ~ 7 mm long; Bracteoles linear; Sepals are nearly the same length, 2 ~ 2.5 cm long, needle-like linear, with 2 pieces on the inner surface slightly narrow, and the outward spreading bristles are dense at the base, sometimes mixed with pubescence; Corolla funnel-shaped, 5 ~ 8 (10) cm long, blue-purple or purple-red, corolla tube light color; Stamens and styles embedded; Stamens are unequal in length; Filament base pilose; Ovary glabrous, stigma capitate. Capsule is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 0.8 ~ 65438 0.3 cm and 3 petals. Seeds ovoid trigonous, ca. 6 mm long, dark brown or beige, covered with brown fluff. Native to tropical America, it is widely cultivated for viewing in China. Seeds are commonly used Chinese medicines, black "black ugly" and beige "white ugly". Contains resin glycoside, pigment, fatty oil, organic acid and other ingredients. Black ugliness is often used in medicine, which has the function of catharsis and diuresis, and is mainly used for edema, abdominal distension, dysuria and so on. Black ugly, that is, the seeds of black morning glory, are ground into fine powder, applied with egg white before going to bed, washed off with clear water the next morning, and used continuously for a week, which has the effect of eliminating freckles. You can also use the seeds of fruit plums instead of the seeds of black morning glory, and the effect is the same. It is especially important to note that black ugliness is slightly toxic and should not be taken orally.
Edit the customary characteristics of this paragraph
Morning glory is strong, likes mild climate, abundant sunshine and moderate ventilation, has strong adaptability to soil, is resistant to drought and salinity, and is not afraid of high temperature and heat. It is a deep-rooted plant, and the soil should be deep. It is best to sow or transplant seedlings directly as soon as possible. Big seedlings are not resistant to transplantation.
Edit the main categories of this paragraph.
There are about 60 species of morning glory (12). Ipomoea nil
There are three common cultivated plants: morning glory with split leaves, medium-sized flowers with 1 to 3 axillary flowers, which are bright blue, rose red or white. Petunia with round leaves, wide heart-shaped, entire, small flowers, white, rose red, bright blue and other colors. Petunia grandiflora, which is popular at present, has large leaves and long stems, three leaves and a large central lobe, and the leaves are prone to irregular yellow and white spots. Axillary flowers 1 to 3, the total stalk is shorter than the petiole, the flowers are large, and the flower diameter can reach more than 10 cm, which is native to tropical Asia and Africa. This variety is the most cultivated in Japan, and it is called Chaoyang Flower. It has bred many horticultural varieties with diverse patterns and bright colors, and is very popular all over the world.
Edit the practice point of this paragraph.
Optimum temperature for germination
Sowing period of 20 ~ 25℃: spring and summer; Suitable growth temperature: 22 ~ 34℃ Flowering period: summer and autumn.
grow seedlings
First, soak the seeds in warm water for 4-6 hours or treat them with sulfuric acid. After sowing, cover the soil about 1cm, keep the soil warm and moist, and germinate after 5-6 days. Two leaves can be transplanted with a spacing of 30 cm.
plant
Choose well-drained culture soil, and give full sunshine and a well-ventilated environment. When the surface of the basin soil is slightly dry during the growing period, it needs to be watered, and dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied once every half month, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much, so as to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves. Potted plants need to be supported by columns. Sweet potato-free
Morning glory is not only a good material for fence vertical greening, but also suitable for potted plants to decorate courtyard balcony. In early April, potted plants should be filled with ordinary culture soil and plain sand, and put into No.2 pot (inner diameter 13 cm), and each pot should be planted with 4-5 seeds. Because the seed coat is thick and germinates slowly, you can carve a little seed coat on the upper part of the hilum with a knife. After sowing, keep germination at 25℃ for about 7 days. Usually observe that two cotyledons are transplanted separately, and the whole piece can be separated with soil. When potted, remove the lower end of the main root 1 cm, and put the common cultivated soil seeds in No.2 cylinder basin, with one plant in each basin. Pay attention to transplanting Petunia in the open field and never touch the taproot. Transplanting should be done early, and the bigger the clods, the better. When the seedlings grow 6-7 leaves and are about to protrude, take out the whole lump and plant it in a blank pot (inner diameter 24 cm). Potted soil should be fertilized culture soil, and 50 grams of hoof pieces should be applied as base fertilizer. Water is permeable after planting. When the soil in the basin is fixed, insert a thin bamboo pole with a length of 1 m in the center of the basin. Then lead wire with a length of about 3 meters is wound on a bamboo pole with one end flush with the soil surface, and then spirals upward from the basin mouth to form a symmetrical tower-shaped spiral frame with a big bottom and a small top. The upper end of the iron wire is fixed at the top of the bamboo pole. Morning glory is a left-handed plant, and the winding direction of the lead must conform to the habit of morning glory winding to the left. When the main vine climbed to the top of the pole along the lead wire, the top was removed. When the lateral vine grows to 6 ~ 7 leaves, it can make the flower bigger and keep growing.
Edit the planting techniques in this section.
Chaoyan
Potting Petunia grandiflora can also prevent it from climbing vines and forming dwarf and rich plant types. When the seedlings grow 5 to 6 leaves, they are planted in two cylindrical flowerpots (with an inner diameter of 23 cm). Immediately pinch the tip to promote 2 ~ 3 lateral buds, and wipe off the rest. When the lateral buds spread their leaves and stretch the vines, leave 2 ~ 3 leaves and remove the tips. This can open about 10 flowers at a time. Pick the flowers immediately after they wither, promote their lateral branches to germinate again, leave a few as appropriate, wipe off the excess, and still pinch as before. In this way, plants can always be full and flowers can continue. To plant morning glory scientifically, potted plants must be used. This is not only convenient for scientific management, but also convenient for exhibition and identification, and also convenient for ensuring the collection of excellent varieties.
1. Seedling raising
The germination temperature of morning glory seeds is 20 ~ 30℃, and it is usually sown at the end of April and the beginning of May (it can be earlier in the south), and it is sown in fine sand seedbeds by varieties. When the humidity is moderate, it germinates for about 10 days. After about 10 days, the cotyledons will be completely open. When the real Ye Gang germinates, it should be transplanted into a small pot. Too early seedlings are weak, and too late roots are damaged, which is not conducive to future development. Small pots should be marked with varieties.
Step 2: Planting
After two or three true leaves grow from the small pot seedlings, the root system is well developed at this time, so it can be planted in the middle pot and added with base fertilizer in advance. As teacher Mei said, morning glory is not afraid of heavy fertilizer, and you can use horseshoes and cooked hemp residue as base fertilizer. The root development of morning glory needs temperature. According to Japanese researchers, using black pot to absorb heat is better than using red pot to absorb heat. Turn the pots frequently, so that the sun shines evenly and the roots develop well.
Pick a heart
Petunia bifurcation
After the real leaves of morning glory grow to three or four pieces, vines begin to grow in the center, which should be removed at this time. After the first pit removal, branches and vines were born between the axils of leaves. After the branches and vines grow three or four leaves, the core is removed and combined with plastic surgery. Top dressing should be applied after each pit removal, and the fertilizer used is similar to that used by chrysanthemums. Be careful not to let fertilizer and soil pollute the leaves (including cotyledons) to avoid the leaves falling off. When vines grow, they will enter flowering period (usually one month after planting). Ideally, the first leaf of the vine will have axillary buds, and the second and third leaves will have flower buds in the axils. After the bud is formed, the stipules of the bud can be removed to facilitate the development of the bud. In order to ensure the full supply of nutrients to the flower buds and produce large and gorgeous flowers, we can also remove some flower buds and cultivate a single flower, just like cultivating a variety of chrysanthemums. After flowering, the residual flowers should be picked and not used as seeds, so as not to affect the nutrition of the next batch of flowers. Of course, after three or four batches of flowers bloom, axillary buds are clustered and difficult to control. General varieties can be planted in the field, and excellent varieties can stay at any time.
Step 4: plastic trimming
Mainly used for ground planting and hedge decoration: when the main vine grows 7-8 leaves, pick the core and leave 4 leaves for the morning glory.
After three branches grow, leave four leaves for coring. After nine branches grow out, they are evenly distributed on fences or walls for binding, and when they grow out, hedges and flower walls will soon be formed. When viewing halophytes indoors, when the seedlings are about 6 cm high, a flower stand can be set up in the basin for winding. You can also leave 4 leaves for coring when there are 7 ~ 8 leaves, and l leaves for coring after 3 leaves grow. So that each pot of plants does not exceed 9 buds. This will make the plants plump and the flowers big. Basket cultivation can also be used.
Preserve seeds
Good varieties must keep good seeds, and they should be classified and labeled when they mature in autumn. If there are varieties, they should be kept. After selecting the female parent and the male parent, cut off the upper end of the bud at dusk the day before flowering, then remove the stamens and wrap them with wax paper. The next morning, take off the wax paper bag, pollinate it artificially with the stamens of the male parent, and then wrap it with wax paper. After a week or two, the wax paper package can be removed, but the pollination package must be marked and recorded. In the second year, all the hybrid seeds should be planted well, and the results can only be seen after flowering, so as to study the role of various genetic factors. Experienced morning glory lovers can distinguish the advantages and disadvantages according to the shape of cotyledons, so as to eliminate inferior varieties as soon as possible. They can also estimate the color of young stems, such as the white cyan of white flowers, the deep purple of purple flowers and so on. Different shapes of cotyledons, true leaves and flowers.
Edit this section of pest control.
Control of white rust
Symptoms mainly occur in leaves, petioles and tender stems, and there are light green spots on the leaves in the early stage of leaf injury. Then it gradually turns pale yellow, and the edge is not obvious. In severe cases, it will expand into a large lesion. In the later stage, white scar-like protrusions appeared on the back of the affected area. When it breaks, it releases white powder, which is the spore of the pathogen. When the tender stem is injured, it will cause flowers and stems to twist. When the lesion surrounds the petiole and tender tip, the host part above the girdle grows poorly, shrinks and dies.
Pathogen and pathogenesis
Petunia rotundifolia
Sweet potato-free
The pathogen is Puccinia spinosa, a fungus belonging to Puccinia. The pathogen overwinters as oospores in diseased tissues. In the spring of the following year, oospores germinate to produce sporangia and invade convolvulaceae plants such as morning glory. Generally, August-September is the peak of the disease, and morning glory can carry bacteria and become the source of infection in the following year. Pay attention to prevent seedling damping-off, especially at seedling stage. In addition to disinfection, sparse sowing, sufficient light, good ventilation, suitable temperature and no excessive wet waterlogging can also greatly reduce the incidence rate. Once the disease occurs, the diseased plants should be pulled out in time, and soil irrigation with chemicals such as Pulik and Yishuangling and root disease treatment are generally easy to control. Sow in high temperature to prevent rot at seedling stage. Seedlings are generally not easy to get sick after growing, but due to the influence of cultivation environment, some diseases can still occur, such as gray mold, Fusarium wilt, physiological diseases, etc. Prevention should be given priority, and carbendazim+streptomycin can be sprayed every 7 ~ 10 days. Once the disease occurs, it should be treated in time according to the actual situation. Pests should pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids, red spiders and cabbage caterpillars, especially the prevention and control of liriomyza sativae. Generally, it is easy to control pests by spraying relevant chemicals in time when they just occur.
Prevention and cure method
(1) clear the diseased plants in time and destroy them. Thereby reducing seed impregnation. ② Select and keep disease-free seeds as breeding seeds, and disinfect the seeds before sowing. Avoid rotation with convolvulaceae plants. ③ Spraying 1% Bordeaux solution or 500-fold solution of 50% Phytophthora every 10 ~ 15 days has a good control effect.
Edit the landscape purpose of this section.
It is a common creeping grass flower in summer and autumn. It can be used for shading in front of small courtyards and living rooms, beautifying small scaffolding and fences, and can also be planted on the ground.
The value purpose of editing this paragraph
Morning glory (black ugly, white ugly, ugly, morning glory) Morning glory
Drug name: morning glory seed class: seed class English name: pharbitis Seed alias: black ugly, white ugly, second ugly, morning glory. Source: seeds of morning glory of convolvulaceae. Plant morphology: annual twining herb, the whole plant is densely covered with long white hair. Leaves alternate, broadly cordate, entire; The petiole is almost as long as the total pedicel. Inflorescence has 1 ~ 3 flowers; Sepals 5-parted, lobes ovate-lanceolate, about 1 cm long, apex and tail tip; Corolla white, blue-purple or purple-red, funnel-shaped, 5 ~ 8 cm long; Stamens 5; Ovary 3-loculed. The capsule is spherical. 5 ~ 6 seeds, ovoid, black or yellow-white. The flowering period is from June to September, and the fruiting period is 7-65438+1October. Place of birth and growth: Born in bushes, villages and roadsides in Shan Ye; Cultivate more. It is distributed all over the country. Picking: when the fruit is ripe in late autumn and the shell is not cracked, cut the plant, dry it in the sun, spread the seeds and remove impurities. Chemical composition: contains morning glory glycoside, morning glory acid C, D, cis-acid, niacin, etc. Sexual taste: cold in nature and bitter in taste; Toxic. Indications: Purging water, relaxing bowels, eliminating phlegm, eliminating phlegm, killing insects and attacking accumulation. It can be used for swelling, constipation, phlegm accumulation, asthma and cough due to adverse qi movement, and insect accumulation in the abdomen.
Pain, ascaris, taeniasis. Note: The seeds of morning glory, a plant of the same genus, are also used as medicine. Morning glory has high medicinal value. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a poem in Wu Kuan that praised: "Herbal medicine contains medicine, and morning glory is seen in grass. When the wind rises and the fence falls, the vines are well prepared. " Modern pharmacological research shows that morning glory contains morning glory glycoside, morning glory acid A, gallic acid, rye hornbeam, wild wheat alkali and other components. , can stimulate the intestines, enhance peristalsis, and has a strong laxative effect. When taking it, you must take it in strict accordance with the amount, and you can't take more. The medicinal names of morning glory are Erugly, Black Ugly and White Ugly. Black ugliness is black morning glory, white ugliness is white morning glory, and second ugliness is a mixture of black and white ugliness. Edible efficacy of morning glory: it has the effects of antidiarrheal, diuretic, detumescence and anthelmintic, and is mainly used to treat limb edema, nephritis edema, ascites due to cirrhosis, constipation, abdominal pain caused by insect accumulation, etc.
Edit the relevant legend in this paragraph.
As the saying goes: "Enjoy chrysanthemums in autumn, help plums in winter, plant begonia in spring and raise morning glory in summer." Visible, in
Chinese painting "Morning glory" (20 paintings) Among the many flowers and plants in summer, morning glory can be regarded as the darling. Morning glory has a common name "Qin Niangzi", as the name implies, it is a very hardworking flower. Whenever the rooster crows overhead, the hour hand still points to the place around the word "4", and the morning glory branches around the fence will open a trumpet-shaped flower. In the morning, people enjoy the fresh air while enjoying the flowers dotted among the green leaves. It's really interesting. Then someone will ask, "How did the morning glory come from?" This is a touching legend! A long time ago, I didn't know when and where, but suddenly a mountain shaped like a lying cow appeared, so everyone named it "Funiu Mountain". There is a small village at the foot of Funiu Mountain. There are not many people in the village, and one of them has a pair of twin sisters. The people in the village are very poor and have no money to buy cattle fields. They only use some homemade earth tools to dig and cultivate farmland. The twin sisters live at the foot of the mountain. They reclaimed some wasteland in front of the mountain and behind it. With their own hands, they managed to live through spring sowing, summer harvest and autumn harvest. The two sisters are kind-hearted and often help people who are poorer than themselves. One day, two sisters were digging, and suddenly they found a very hard place. My sister and I brought all the tools, but we couldn't dig out any dirt. The two sisters were tired for a long time, so they sat on the edge of hard soil and had a rest for a while. Suddenly, the hard soil cracked by itself, and my sister stared at it with wide eyes. There was a shiny silver in it, and my sister ran over and took out something, which turned out to be a silver horn. When the two sisters were wondering, an old man with white beard and hair suddenly came over. The old man smiled and said to them, "This mountain came down from the sky by the Jade Emperor, and there are a hundred calves in it. These calf spirits are well trained and do evil on earth. It was the Jade Emperor who subdued them and crushed them at the foot of Funiu Mountain. Today, they have crushed them for 900 years. This silver corner is the key to Funiu Mountain. Listen to the sound of "Hua" in the mountain at night, and soon there will be golden light, which is the eye of the mountain. Just plug in the silver horn. However, you must also remember the formula' Funiu Mountain, flowers, I want this silver horn when you cut the mountain'. Read it for three times, then the eye of the mountain will become bigger, you can go in and hold out a golden bull, and you can eat and drink for a lifetime. This key comes once in 900 years. It only works for a while, but it won't work at dawn. Don't be locked up by the mountain, or you will die. Also, this silver horn must not be blown, or a hundred cows will come alive and rush out of the mountain pass. " Before the two sisters recovered, the old man was gone. The two sisters were very happy to know that they had met a fairy. They hurried home to discuss how to embrace Taurus. My sister said, "We should put our legs and feet faster, and strive to take out all the 100 golden bulls and distribute them to poor villagers, so that everyone will no longer be angry with the landlord and live a good life." My elder sister said, "Although Taurus is delicious, Huang Cancan's gold and silver are valuable goods in the eyes of the rich, but they are not as good as a spoonful of noodles in the eyes of the poor. Blow the silver horn, turn those golden bulls into live cows and give them to the villagers, so that they can have cows to plow the fields. Isn't it better? " My sister happily agreed with her. So, the two sisters went to inform the villagers separately and told them to look for petunias at the foot of Funiu Mountain at night. At night, there is no moon or stars in the sky. The front and back of the mountain are black and there is no light. Sister dragged her sister from the front of the mountain to the back of the mountain, and listened. There is no movement at all. Sister said to her sister, "Don't give up, we'll wait." In this way, at the fifth watch, I suddenly heard a "crash" in the mountain, and the north slope of the mountain gave off dazzling golden light. The two sisters hurried to the luminous place and saw that the hole was only as thick as a finger. Looking down the hole, I saw a golden square table with rows of Taurus the size of steamed bread neatly placed on it. Sister hurriedly took out the silver horn and inserted it into the eye of the mountain. Sister read: "Funiu Mountain, rushing. The mountain chief wants my silver horn. " After reading it for three times, the eyes of the mountain gradually became bigger, but only one person could go in, so my sister dodged in and followed. As soon as my sister came in, she blew the silver horn, and all the Taurus on the table came alive. They stretched their legs, shook their hair and jumped off the table, all of which became Daniel. They rushed out along the mountain eye. When the last Niu Gang put her head out, the east turned slightly red, and the mountain eyes gradually became smaller, which worried the sisters. The two sisters worked together to push the cow's ass, but they couldn't push it. Besides, villagers, as soon as they heard the horn ringing, they ran to Funiu Mountain, only to see cows running all over the hillside. They ran up, each holding a cow, and they were very grateful to the two sisters. They all want to thank them, but they can't find a figure. At this time, someone found the stuck cow. Some people pull the cow's head and some people pull the cow's foot, but they can't pull it out. Later, someone put a nose ring on the cow's nose and tied a long rope. Let's pull together. The cow is hurt. In desperation, as soon as the hoof came out, the mountain eyes closed immediately. The two sisters were locked in the mountains. At this time, the sun came out, and the silver corner in the eye of the mountain became morning glory. It is also said that in order to commemorate the two sisters, morning glory is also called morning glory. Others say that the famous Nanyang Daniel is the offspring of those Taurus! Of course, the above is just a legend, expressing a good wish of the ancient working people. However, morning glory is really good for the people. It is not only ornamental, but also medicinal. It is cold in nature and bitter in taste, which is beneficial to digestion with water, and has special curative effects on edema, abdominal distension, beriberi, adverse urination and poor stool. To this day, some farmers still use it to treat diseases.