Plums mainly bear short fruit branches and bouquets of short fruit branches, and pruning should be based on the principle of light cutting and long release, ventilation and light transmission. In the first year, fruit tree shaping was the main task, and the amount of pruning was appropriately increased to lay the foundation for high yield in successive years. Perennial trees basically take measures such as thinning, shrinking and pulling branches to alleviate tree vigor and control vegetative growth. The pruning period is mainly in summer and autumn, with emphasis on thinning out over-dense branches, flourishing branches on the back and competing for branches, timely pinching, holding branches and twisting tips, strengthening ventilation and light transmission, and promoting flower bud differentiation.
2. Fertilizer and water management
1. After harvesting and pruning, topdressing and watering should be done in time. Generally, furrows with a depth of 40cm and a width of 40cm are dug between rows, and 3000kg+ 150kg multi-element compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and then watered. Second, increase the spraying frequency of foliar fertilizer. Because of the weak light, high temperature and high humidity in the protected field, the leaves are thin and brittle. Photosynthesis is weak and nutrient accumulation is low, so foliar fertilizer spraying times should be increased to increase leaf function and promote photosynthesis. In the early stage, amino acid compound fertilizer or Jols rare earth fertile soil should be used. 3%~0? 4% high-quality urea, sprayed once every 7 ~ 10 day, and sprayed continuously for 3 ~ 4 times. After entering July, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly sprayed, generally once every 10 day and continuously for 2 ~ 3 times. 3. Apply autumn base fertilizer early, and start applying base fertilizer 65438+ 10 from the end of September to the beginning of June. Apply 3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer+150 ~ 200 kg of special fertilizer for fruit trees per mu, apply it all at once, and then pour it thoroughly. Fourth, pay attention to timely drainage.
3, pest control
One is to spray pesticides and fungicides in the whole shed immediately after harvesting and pruning. Can you use 80% of the students? 800 times +50% carbendazim 600 times+1? 5% mite is 4000 times +0? 3% high quality urea. Second, after entering June, the main pests and diseases of plum trees are bacterial perforation, brown rot, red spider, liriomyza sativae, shipworm, thorn moth and so on. And 80% m? 45, 70% thiophanate methyl powder, 50% carbendazim and acaricide were used alternately, and the control effect was good. The third is to spray dry branch medicine once before the shed is buckled, which can be 3 ~ 5 degrees of stone sulfur mixture or 10% suoliba 100 times solution.
4. Chemical control
Spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 1 time in the middle and late June, with the concentration of 100 ~ 150 times, and then spraying continuously for 2 ~ 3 times, with the concentration of 150 ~ 200 times, and controlling the nutritional growth according to the specific growth situation.
5. Promote defoliation and dormancy.
10% ~ 15% high-quality urea can be sprayed once in the last ten days of 1 18 10, and leaves can be shed in 3 ~ 4 days, which is convenient for closing the shed early.