What are the advantages of laser welding? I believe everyone has seen many welding methods in life, so everyone knows more or less the role of laser welding in life. In fact, laser welding not only has many functions by accident, but also has many advantages compared with ordinary welding technology. What are the advantages of laser welding?

What are the advantages of laser welding 1 Compared with other welding technologies, the main advantages of laser welding are:

1, with high speed, large depth and small deformation.

2, welding can be carried out at room temperature or under special conditions, and the welding equipment is simple. For example, when the laser passes through the electromagnetic field, the beam will not deviate; Laser can be welded in vacuum, air and a certain gas environment, and can be welded through glass or materials transparent to the light beam.

3. It can weld refractory materials such as titanium and timely. It can weld anisotropic materials with good effect.

4. After laser focusing, the power density is high. When welding high-power devices, the depth-width ratio can reach 5: 1, and the highest can reach 10: 1.

5, micro welding can be carried out. After the laser beam is focused, a small light spot can be obtained and accurately positioned, which can be applied to the assembly and welding of small workpieces in mass automatic production. (The minimum spot can reach 0. 1mm)

6. It can weld inaccessible parts and realize non-contact long-distance welding with great flexibility. Especially in recent years, the application of optical fiber transmission technology in YAG laser processing technology and the popularization of fiber continuous laser have made laser welding technology more widely promoted and applied, which is more convenient for automatic integration.

7. The laser beam is easy to split according to time and space, and multiple beams can be processed at multiple stations at the same time, which provides conditions for more accurate welding.

However, laser welding also has some limitations:

1, which requires high assembly accuracy of weldments, and the position of the light beam on the workpiece cannot be obviously shifted. This is because after laser focusing, the spot size is small, the weld is narrow and full of metal materials. If the assembly accuracy of the workpiece or the positioning accuracy of the beam can not meet the requirements, it is easy to cause welding defects.

2. Laser and its related systems have high cost and large one-time investment.

What are the advantages of laser welding? 2 1, the laser beam quality is good.

After laser focusing, the power density is high. The focal spot diameter of high-power low-order mode laser is small after focusing.

2. Laser welding has the advantages of high speed, large depth and small deformation.

Because of the high power density, small holes are formed in the metal material during laser welding, and the laser energy is transmitted to the deep part of the workpiece through the small holes, with less lateral diffusion. Therefore, the depth of material melting during laser beam scanning is large. Fast speed and large welding area per unit time.

3. Laser welding is especially suitable for welding precision sensitive parts.

Laser welding machine is especially suitable for welding precision and heat-sensitive parts because of its large welding aspect ratio, small specific energy, small heat affected zone and small welding deformation, which can save post-welding correction and secondary processing.

4, the laser welding machine has high flexibility

Laser welding machine can realize welding at any angle, and can weld inaccessible parts; It can weld all kinds of complicated welding workpieces and large workpieces with irregular shapes. It has great flexibility and can realize welding at any angle.

5. Laser welding can weld materials that are difficult to weld.

Laser welding can be used not only for welding various heterogeneous metal materials, but also for welding metals such as titanium, nickel, zinc, copper, aluminum, chromium, niobium, gold, silver and their alloys, steel and kovar alloys. Welding between alloy materials.

6. The labor cost of laser welding machine is low.

Because the heat input during laser welding is extremely low and the deformation after welding is very small, the welding effect with very beautiful surface can be achieved, so the subsequent treatment of laser welding is few, which can greatly reduce or eliminate the huge labor in the process of polishing and leveling.

7. The laser welding machine is simple to operate.

The laser welding machine has the advantages of simple welding equipment, simple operation process and easy operation. The professional requirements for staff are not high, which saves labor costs.

8. The laser welding machine has strong safety performance.

High-safety welding nozzle is effective only when it contacts metal, and the touch switch has body temperature sensing.

There are safety precautions in the operation of special laser generator, and it is necessary to wear protective glasses of laser generator during operation to reduce the damage to eyes.

9. The working environment of laser welding machine is varied.

The laser welding machine can be used in various complicated working environments, and can be used for welding under normal temperature or special conditions. For example, laser welding is similar to electron beam welding in many ways. Its welding quality is slightly inferior to that of electron beam welding, but electron beam can only be transmitted in vacuum, so welding can only be carried out in vacuum, and laser welding technology can be more advanced. Widely used in various working environments.

10, the welding system is highly flexible and easy to realize automation.

However, laser welding machines also have some limitations. Due to the high cost of laser vacation related systems, the one-time investment cost will be higher. In addition, the installation accuracy of laser welding machine for butt welding parts is also very high, and there should be no obvious deviation in the position of light source on commercial workpieces.

What are the advantages of laser welding?

1, the focused laser beam has high power density and fast heating speed, which can realize deep penetration welding and high-speed welding. Because of the small laser heating range, fast welding speed and small heat affected zone, the welding stress and deformation are small under the same power and welding thickness.

2. Laser can be emitted and transmitted, and it can travel a considerable distance in space with little attenuation, so it can be used for welding at a long distance or in some inaccessible parts; Laser can be bent, transmitted, deflected and focused by optical methods such as optical fiber and prism, which is especially suitable for tiny parts, inaccessible parts or long-distance welding.

3. One laser can be used for different jobs on multiple tables, and can be used for welding, cutting, alloying and heat treatment.

4. The laser has little loss in the atmosphere and can pass through transparent objects such as glass, and is suitable for welding highly toxic materials such as alloys in sealed containers made of glass; Laser is not affected by electromagnetic field, so there is no X-ray protection and no vacuum protection.

5. It can be used to weld materials that are difficult to be welded by general welding methods, such as high melting point metals, and even can be used to weld non-metallic materials, such as ceramics and plexiglass: no heat treatment is needed after welding, and it is suitable for welding some materials that are sensitive to heat input.

disadvantaged

1, plasma shielding problem. In laser welding, when the base metal is heated, melted and vaporized to form deep melting pores, the pores are filled with metal vapor, and the metal gas reacts with laser to form plasma clouds. Plasma cloud has strong absorption and reflectivity, which reduces the absorption rate of laser by metal materials and the energy utilization rate of laser. In addition, when the plasma cloud is strong, it may have a negative lens effect on the laser and seriously affect the focusing effect of the laser beam.

2. Poor bridging performance and high welding seam clamping accuracy. The laser spot diameter is very small, the thermal action zone is very small, the bridging ability is very poor, and the flatness and accuracy of weld alignment are very high.

When laser welding is used, the gap width of the weld should not be greater than 0 or 2mm, otherwise the laser will pass through too many gaps and lose a lot of energy. At the same time, welding dislocation will occur when the flatness of both sides of the joint is too poor, which will seriously affect the welding quality. On the one hand, it puts forward high requirements for the preparation of laser joints, on the other hand, it requires accurate clamping and high clamping technology, which increases the process requirements and welding costs. There are technical difficulties in industrial application.

3, the weld hardness is high, and the tendency of welding hot cracks is large. During laser welding, the power density is very high, the thermal action zone is very small, and the heat input is very small, so the welding zone will produce high peak temperature and temperature gradient, and the molten metal in the weld will solidify and shrink rapidly, which will bring two effects: First, the hardness of the weld is very high, sometimes it may be much higher than the base metal, which limits its application in special industries such as ships; Second, for some metal parts, especially those with high mechanical stress after deep processing, the workpiece is easy to crack after welding.

4. Depression and blowhole problems. Usually, filler is not used in laser welding. Because of the gap between the end face of the base metal and the thermal vaporization of the metal in the deep penetration hole, the weld sometimes appears concave after welding. When the welding speed is high, the metal vapor formed by welding will not run out of the weld, but will remain in the weld after rapid melting and solidification, and will also form pores.

5. It is very difficult to weld highly reflective metals such as aluminum and copper. The reflectivity of Al-Cu and its alloys to laser is very high, and the initial reflectivity is above 90%, and most of the laser energy is reflected, so it is difficult to form deep penetration welding holes.