1 alias Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia grandiflora? morphological character
Magnolia grandiflora evergreen tree, 20-30 meters high. Bark light brown or gray, split into thin scales. Branches and buds have rust-colored hairs. Leaves long oval, alternate; Petiole length 1.5-4 cm, brown pubescence on the back; Stipules are separated from petioles without stipules; Leaves leathery, oval or obovate-oblong, 10-20cm long and 4- 10cm wide, with blunt or tapering apex, wedge-shaped base, dark green luster in the upper part, light green in the lower part, rusty fine hairs, and 8-9 pairs of lateral veins. The flower is fragrant, white, cup-shaped, with a diameter of 15-20cm, and looks like a lotus when it opens; Pedicel thin and fluffy; Perianth 9- 12, obovate, thick fleshy; Stamens are numerous, about 2 cm long, filaments are flat, purple, anthers are inward, and connective protrudes into a mucronate; The gynoecium is oval, densely villous, and the carpel is oval, with a length of 1- 1.5 cm and a curly style. Aggregate fruit is cylindrical, oblong or ovoid, densely covered with brown or grayish yellow fluff, and the top of the fruit has a long beak. The seed is ovoid or ovoid, with flat side, about 65438±0.4cm long and 6mm wide. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is 65438+1October.
Growth habit
Magnolia grandiflora likes light growth, but it is slightly tolerant to shading when it is young. I like warm and humid climate and have certain cold resistance. It is suitable for weak acid or neutral soil with high dryness, fertility, moisture and good drainage. It is easy to yellow when planted in alkaline soil to avoid water accumulation and poor drainage. Strong resistance to smoke and sulfur dioxide gas, less pests and diseases. The root system is deep and wide, with strong wind resistance. In particular, the trunk of sowing seedlings is tall and straight, the tree shape is majestic and adaptable.
Habitat distribution
Magnolia grandiflora is native to South America, distributed in the Yangtze River valley, North America and south of Chinese mainland, and has been artificially introduced and cultivated in northern China such as Beijing and Lanzhou. It is also common in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and other places in the Yangtze River Basin.
But if you don't give me any reward, I'm sorry for the Huai army soldiers who bled and died. "? Sowing and seedling raising
1. Harvest and seed storage? The fruit of Magnolia grandiflora ripens in September-65438+10. When it ripens, it cracks to expose the red aril. It needs to be harvested in time when the fruit slightly cracks and the aril just turns red and turns to Huang Shi. After picking the fruit, dry it in the shade for 5-6 days to promote cracking, take out the seeds with arils, soak them in clean water for 1-2 days, wipe off the arils to remove the shriveled seeds, or scrub them with plant ash. The obtained white seeds are mixed with kerosene or zinc phosphide to prevent rodents. ? 2. sow? There are two sowing dates: autumn sowing and spring sowing. The seedbed should choose fertile and loose sandy soil, dig deep to kill weeds and insects, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. After leveling the bed surface, open a sowing ditch with a depth of 5 cm, a width of 5 cm and a spacing of 20 cm, then sow the seeds, sow them evenly in the ditch, and slightly compact them after covering the soil. ? 3. Seeding and seedling management? When the seedlings have 2 ~ 3 true leaves, they can be transplanted with the seedlings. Because of the slow growth in seedling stage, it is necessary to weed and loosen the soil frequently. Top dressing 3 times in May-July, and fully decomposed dilute manure water can be used.
Grafting seedling raising
Magnolia grandiflora is often grafted with magnolia (wooden pen, magnolia grandiflora) as rootstock. Magnolia rootstock is raised by cutting or sowing, and can be used as rootstock when its dry diameter reaches about 0.5 cm. From March to April, take the robust branches of Magnolia grandiflora with terminal buds as scions, which are 5 ~ 7cm long and have 1 ~ 2 axillary buds, cut off the leaves, and cut and graft the rootstock 3 ~ 5cm from the ground. After that, the top of the scion is slightly exposed to promote wound healing. Abdominal connection is also possible, and the interface is about 5 ~ 10cm from the ground. In some areas, magnolia tianmu and magnolia protuberata are used as rootstocks, and the grafted seedlings grow faster and the effect is more ideal.
How to improve the survival rate of Magnolia grandiflora transplantation by editing this paragraph?
Magnolia grandiflora is an evergreen tree of Magnoliaceae, with thick leathery leaves, white and fragrant flowers, and likes moist and fertile soil. It is favored by people for its tall and straight dry shape, bright green leaves and huge white flowers. It is often necessary to transplant some big trees in landscaping construction, but Magnolia grandiflora is difficult to transplant at present, and the survival rate is often not ideal. Based on years of experience in planting Magnolia grandiflora in Hua Mu Base of Hunan Hongbo, its technical points are introduced as follows: 1, season? Early spring is suitable for transplanting Magnolia grandiflora, but rainy season is the best. About half a month after the Spring Festival, Magnolia grandiflora is still in dormancy, with slow fluid flow and slow metabolism, so it can be transplanted at this time. After transplanting, the temperature rises in spring that night, and the roots germinate and repair first. Careful management will basically not affect the growth of Magnolia grandiflora in that year. In addition, the rainy season is heavy and the air humidity is high. At this time, the survival rate of transplanted Magnolia grandiflora is very high. However, it should be noted that it is best to choose cloudy or cloudy weather when transplanting, and try to avoid heavy rain or high temperature weather. ? 2. soil ball? The size of soil ball is the key to the success or failure of Magnolia grandiflora transplantation. In East China, the diameter of soil ball is generally 8 times to 10 times of the DBH of trees, which can ensure that the root system is less damaged and the trees are easy to recover. The soil ball is too small, the root system is seriously damaged and it is difficult to absorb water, which affects the survival of trees. The soil ball should be dug into the top shape, not plate and cone. The soil ball should be tied tightly with straw rope to avoid loosening during transportation. ? 3. Moisture? Magnolia grandiflora root is fleshy and easy to lose water. Therefore, it is required to dig, transport and plant quickly and timely to avoid excessive water loss and affect survival. After transplanting Magnolia grandiflora, the roots should be watered for the first time in time, fully and thoroughly, so that the roots can fully contact the soil, which is beneficial to the survival of the tree. If there is too much precipitation after transplantation, it is necessary to open a drainage trough to avoid water accumulation in the roots and lead to the death of Magnolia grandiflora. ? 4. Trim? Pruning and leaf picking can reduce water evaporation and relieve the pressure of water supply for injured roots. Pruning should trim internal branches, overlapping branches and insect branches, and strive to maintain the integrity of the tree; It is advisable to pick 1/3 of branches and leaves, otherwise it will reduce transpiration and make it difficult for roots to absorb water. ? 5. Application of efficient rooting agent "rapid rooting agent" in Magnolia grandiflora transplanting? "Rapid rooting agent" is a new type of non-toxic, efficient and broad-spectrum plant rooting agent introduced from Britain by experts from Zhengzhou Ping 'an Garden Plant Protection Technology Research Institute. It contains 90% sodium salt powder and more than 30 active rooting components. 20g per bag can be watered with 2 tons of water, and 200kg of water can be sprayed on the leaves of transplanted seedlings, which can also achieve excellent root promotion effect. The specific function is to supplement exogenous auxin needed for plant rooting, promote the synthesis of endogenous auxin, and make adventitious root primordium meristem cells differentiate and take root in clusters. In the process of seedling transplanting, promoting the recovery of damaged roots is the first choice of plant growth regulator to improve the effect of seedling transplanting in arid areas. "Fast Rooting" has launched five varieties, which are universal fast rooting; Fast-growing roots peculiar to Gui Lan; Pine and cypress shirts take root quickly; Special rapid rooting of flowering shrubs; Special fast rooting for walnut. All five can be directly dissolved in water, and can be stored at room temperature without alcohol and soaking AIDS, which is more broad-spectrum. ? (1) About 25 days before the transplanting of Magnolia grandiflora, spraying 20kg of water on every 2g of leaves with Gui Lan Extra Fast Rooting can induce a large number of new secondary rooting lines, which is beneficial to the survival after transplanting. ? (2) After Magnolia grandiflora is transplanted, a large number of new secondary rooting lines can be induced in 25-30 days by watering the transplanted trees with 40 kilograms of water per gram with a special rapid rooting agent from Gui Lan. ? (3) After transplanting Magnolia grandiflora, every 2 grams of Magnolia grandiflora with fast roots is sprayed with 20 kilograms of water on the leaves, and the effect is the same as above. ? One of the above measures can effectively improve the survival rate of transplanting. ? What should I pay attention to in use? (1) The mother liquor for rapid rooting cannot be prepared in a metal container, and the prepared solution cannot be kept for more than 2 hours. ? (2) Gui Lan special rapid rooting agent can be used for root irrigation or foliar spraying of transplanted Magnolia grandiflora. ? (3) Rapid rooting is easy to absorb moisture and become paste, which does not affect the effect. ? 6. Other precautions? After transplanting, Magnolia grandiflora should be wrapped with straw rope for about 2 meters to reduce water evaporation, and water can be sprayed on the straw rope during drought to create a humid environment. After planting, support wood should be set to fix the trunk to prevent shaking from damaging the root system. Generally, piling can't play a fixed role, so you can choose 3 to 4 meters long bamboo or tripod made of other materials to fix it. If the weather is dry after transplanting, it can be sprayed on the crown or top of the head to reduce the leaf temperature.
Edit the medicinal value of this paragraph.
Traditional Chinese medicine characteristics
Character identification: The bud is conical, with a length of 3.5-7cm, a base diameter of 1.5-3cm, lavender or purple-brown (there are also light yellow varieties, as shown in the first figure of this entry). Petals 9- 12, broadly obovate, with thick white matter and inner layer of lotus petals. Stamens are numerous, filaments are wide and long, and anthers are yellow-brown strips. Carpels numerous, densely villous. Pedicel 0.5-2 cm long, with obvious nodes. Hard and easy to break. The smell is fragrant and the taste is light.
chemical composition
pharmacological action
1.？ Does bud have a slow hypotensive effect on anesthesia or anesthesia? Magnoliane contained in bark showed hypotensive effect immediately after intravenous injection of 2mg/kg in anesthetized cats, and the blood pressure decreased by 50%-60% for 90- 120min. Intravenous injection of 6mg/kg also has obvious antihypertensive effect on dogs with renal hypertension. ? 2. Muscle relaxation and ganglion block? Magnoliane contained in bark has the effects of curculin and ganglion block, which can be antagonized by anticholinesterase drugs such as Auschwitz. ? 3. Other functions? Phenolic components in this product also have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Magnolol contained in bark has anti-ulcer effect, and 5-200mg/kg has obvious preventive effect on water stress ulcer in rats.
Sexual taste
Sexual orientation: Xin; Sexual temperature
Meridian tropism
Meridian tropism: lung; Stomach; Liver meridian
Functional indication
Indications: expelling wind and cold; Activating qi and relieving pain. Main exogenous cold; Headache and nasal congestion; Abdominal pain; Vomiting and diarrhea; Hypertension; Migraine.
dosage
Oral administration: decoction, 3-10g; Bark 6- 12g. External use: appropriate amount, tamping.
Edit this section of road greening
Magnolia grandiflora is an elegant tree with evergreen seasons and few pests and diseases. It is an excellent street tree species, which can not only provide necessary shade for pedestrians in summer, but also beautify the street view. However, when planting, we should try to choose larger seedlings with 3 ~ 6 trunk diameters. Cm, height 2. 8? m？ Left and right are more appropriate. If it is too small, it will be easily damaged; If it is too large, the survival rate of transplanting is low. In road greening, the combination of Magnolia grandiflora and colorful tree species can produce significant tone contrast, thus making the colors of street scenes more vivid and rich. In the application of green belt, Magnolia grandiflora, Prunus mume, Osmanthus fragrans and Pittosporum rubrum are planted together, which not only has a sense of hierarchy in space, but also has a great change in color, breaking the monotony of sequence space, producing a harmonious sense of rhythm and achieving good results? . ? Magnolia grandiflora can be used in gardens, parks, amusement parks and cemeteries. Lawns on both sides of the passage can plant trees alone or in rows; Small and medium-sized people can plant in groups on the flower stand. Academy, Summer Palace, Biyun Temple and other places are planted among ancient buildings. It is particularly harmonious with western architecture, so it is more suitable for western gardens.
2? Nerium indicum is native to Indian, Iranian and Afghan countries, and it has a long history of cultivation in China, and it is spread all over urban and rural areas. Sex likes plenty of sunshine and warm and humid climate conditions. There are red and white.
Evergreen erect shrub, 5 meters high, watery and hairless. 3-4 impellers, opposite to the lower part of the branch, narrowly lanceolate, long11-kloc-0/5 cm, wide 2-2.5 cm, and light green at the lower part; Lateral veins are flat, dense and parallel. Cymes are terminal; Calyx erect; Corolla deep red, fragrant, double; Corona scaly, apical tear. Follicles are oblong, with a length of 10-23 cm and a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. The top of the seed has yellow-brown seed hair. ? Originally from Iran, it is now widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions; It is cultivated in all provinces and regions of China. Stem bark fiber is an excellent blended raw material and can also be used as a tonic; Roots and bark contain cardiac glycoside and phthalein crystals and a small amount of essential oil; Stems and leaves can be used as pesticides, and stems and leaves and flowers are toxic. The milky juice it secretes contains a toxic substance called oleanolin, which will be poisoned if eaten by mistake. ? Stem bark fiber is an excellent blended raw material; Leaves and stem bark are highly toxic, so use them with caution when decocting or grinding. It can strengthen the heart, induce diuresis, relieve asthma and relieve pain. Used for heart failure, wheezing and coughing, epilepsy, traumatic injury and swelling and pain. It can also be used to make pesticides, which is fatal to people and animals. This species has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine. Roots and bark contain cardiac glycosides, phenolic crystals and a small amount of essential oil.
French garden oleander? All-round cultivation, more common in parks, factories and mines, street greening. Gardens around the world are usually planted as ornamental plants.
Picking leaves in summer and autumn, fresh use or drying.
Edit the performance of this paragraph.
Bitterness and cold are very toxic. ? Flowers are like peaches, leaves are like bamboo, and the seasons are evergreen. From spring to summer to autumn, flowers fall in bloom, one after another. Facing the spring breeze, braving the rainstorm, facing the scorching sun, I spit and fight for fragrance. ? The ancestors of oleander were in India, Iran and Afghanistan. It is a dwarf shrub with many branches on the trunk and branches, and the smallest branch is green. ? The leaves of oleander grow very interesting. Three leaves form a ball, around the branches, and grow outward from the same place. The leaves of oleander are long and lanceolate, and the edges of the leaves are extremely smooth. The main vein on the leaf extends from the petiole to the tip of the leaf, and many branches are born from the main vein, which are neatly arranged horizontally. ? There is a thin layer of wax on the leaves of oleander. This layer of wax can keep moisture and heat for leaves and make plants resist the cold. Therefore, oleander is not afraid of cold, and its green posture remains unchanged in winter. ? The flowers of oleander are very fragrant. Flowers are concentrated on the branches, gathering together like an open umbrella. The flowers of oleander are funnel-shaped with overlapping petals. There are three kinds of oleanders: red, yellow and white. Among them, red is its natural color, and "white" and "yellow" are new varieties cultivated artificially for a long time.
Edit the source of this paragraph
Iran, India and other countries and regions. ? Now it is widely planted in subtropical and tropical regions. The introduction of China began in the15th century, and it was cultivated in all provinces and regions. Like light, like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, avoid water stains, resistant to a certain degree of air drying. It is suitable for neutral soil with good drainage and high fertility, and can also adapt to slightly acidic and alkaline soil.
Edit the morphological characteristics of this paragraph
Evergreen shrub, 5 meters tall, glabrous. 3-4 impellers, opposite to the lower part of the branch, narrowly lanceolate, entire, leathery, long11-15cm, wide 2-2.5cm, and light green at the lower part; Lateral veins are flat, dense and parallel. Summer flowers, pink or white flowers, in terminal cymes; Calyx erect; Corolla deep red, fragrant, double; Corona scaly, apical tear. Follicles are oblong, with a length of 10-23 cm and a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. The top of the seed has yellow-brown seed hair. The stem is erect and smooth, and it is a typical branch of trigeminal nerve. Three leaves, at least four leaves and two leaves, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, all round, leathery, with bright leaves and pinnate lateral veins. Cymes are terminal, with funnel-shaped corollas, red, yellow and white, single, semi-double or double petals, fragrant, and pods are long and cylindrical. The flowering period is 6-65438+ 10 month, the fruiting period is 65438+February and the following year is 65438+ 10 month. Common cultivated varieties are: oleander with single petal and white flowers; Double oleander, double safflower; Light yellow oleander with a light yellow flower. The whole plant of oleander is highly toxic.
Edit the growth characteristics of this section.
Not hardy, afraid of waterlogging. Not strict with soil requirements, resistant to smoke and dust, resistant to toxic gases. Oleander in full bloom (4 pieces)?
Edit this section cultivation management
1, breeding method
Cutting propagation is the main method, which can also be divided into plants and layering. Cuttings can be carried out in spring and summer. Soak the base of cuttings in clean water for about 10 days, keep them fresh, take root early after cuttings, and have high survival rate. Specifically, 1 ~ 2-year-old branches cutted in spring are cut into 15 cm ~ 20 cm stem segments, and about 20 branches are tied into a bundle and soaked in clear water. Water depth 1/3 stem segment, change the water with the same temperature every L ~ 2 days, and control the temperature at? 20? C~25？ C, cutting can be carried out when adventitious roots are found in the submerged part. When cutting, use bamboo chopsticks to make holes in the soil to avoid damaging adventitious roots. Because of the strong ability to sprout tillers at the base of the old stem of oleander, a large number of tender branches are often produced, so the tender branches can be fully used for cutting in summer. Choosing cuttings with semi-lignified degree, keeping the top three leaflets inserted in the substrate, paying attention to timely shading and water management, the survival rate is also very high. When layering propagation, the embedded part should be cut or circumcised first and buried in the soil. It can be cut from the mother body in about 2 months and transplanted with soil in the second year.
2. Cultivation techniques
Nerium indicum has strong adaptability, easy cultivation and management, and can be widely planted on the ground and in potted plants. Where it is planted in the field, it should be transplanted in spring, and it should be re-cut when transplanting. Pay attention to protection in winter. Branches and leaves are vulnerable to scale insects, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. ? Potted oleander requires good drainage and sufficient fertility. Sprouting in spring needs pruning. For long and slender branches in plants, they can be cut off from the base. If the lumen is too dense, it is also appropriate to trim a part. At the same time, it is necessary to stick a calluses antiseptic film at the pruning mouth to protect the wound, so that the branches are evenly distributed and the tree shape is full. /kloc-Change the pots once after 0/~ 2 years, and change the pots after pruning. Summer is the period of vigorous growth and flowering of oleander, which needs a lot of water. In addition to watering once every morning and evening, if the soil in the pot is too dry, water should be sprayed again to prevent the tender branches from wilting and affect the life of flowers. After September, it is necessary to conserve water, inhibit the continued growth of plants, make branches mature, and increase the accumulation of nutrients, so as to facilitate safe wintering. What is the wintering temperature? 8? C~ 10？ C, below? In other words, the leaves will fall. ? Nerium indicum is a fertilizer-loving plant. Potted plants should be fertilized once a month during the growing period in addition to adequate base fertilizer.
3, pest control
In the spring and summer growing season, the terminal buds are vulnerable to aphids. ? Oleander, also known as safflower oleander, willow, half-year red. It belongs to Apocynaceae and Apocynaceae.
What should I pay attention to when editing this piece of oleander summer hardwood cutting?
In summer, the temperature is high, there is much rain and humidity, and diseases and insect pests are frequent. When pruning oleander, we should pay attention to the following problems:
I. Selection and treatment of seedbed
As far as possible, the seedbed should choose plots with leeward and sunny, no water accumulation, less soil diseases and weeds, sufficient fertility and easy management as seedbeds. Generally, seedbeds should be east-west, and cuttings should be used to raise seedlings. Either way, it must be carefully prepared. Generally, the depth of cultivated land should reach 25 to 30 cm, the bed width should be 1 m, the length should be appropriate, and the trail width should be 50 cm. When the soil is sticky, sand can be properly mixed and soil disinfection should be paid attention to.
Second, the selection and treatment of cuttings
1. Selecting the spike as the cutting mother plant should have the conditions of good quality, strong growth and no pests and diseases. On the same plant, cuttings should generally choose branches with sunny middle and upper parts, short internodes, thick branches and full buds. On the same branch, the middle and lower branches are generally selected for hardwood cutting, and the cutting mouth should be smooth, with the upper end cut into a horizontal plane and the lower end cut into an inclined plane. When cutting branches, select stout branches with the diameter of 1 ~ 1.5 cm and the cutting length of 15 ~ 20? Cm, the cuttings must have two or three buds, the upper cuttings are about 1.5 cm away from the buds, and the lower leaves are removed. When pruning branches, the red and white varieties are separated. ? 2. Cutting treatment? Separate the varieties of color cutting, so as to cut, cut and cut. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, dozens of cuttings were bundled neatly, and the cuttings were soaked in ABT rooting powder 1 100ppm for 2 ~ 8 hours, and in rooting powder 6 30 ~ 100 ppm for 1 ~ 8 hours. General 1 g rooting powder can handle 3000 cuttings. Nervous. ? 3. Cutting method and density Before cutting, the soil should be disinfected and the seedbed should be filled with water. Cutting the treated cuttings according to the row spacing of 5x5cm. Pay attention to the upper and lower ends of the cuttings, and the cuttings cannot be inserted backwards. Cuttings should be closely connected with soil to prevent scratching the cortex of cuttings. Therefore, before inserting the cuttings, iron bars should be used to punch holes in the bed, but the depth of the holes should be slightly shallower than the length of the cuttings, so that the cuttings can be inserted into the soil. Generally, one or two buds on the open ground are suitable for cutting depth, and marks and records should be made after cutting. ? 4. Most flower cuttings need to take root at a temperature of 20℃ to 25℃ and a relative humidity of 80% to 85%. Usually 15 to 20 days later, the cuttings will take root. After cutting, be sure to spray enough water to make the soil in close contact with the cuttings. In order to prevent the temperature from being too high at noon, it is best to shade the sun. According to the soil moisture, water should be sprayed once every morning and evening, but the amount of water sprayed should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the healing and rooting of cuttings. In order to prevent the occurrence of germs, spray disinfectant once every 10 day. Transplanted the following spring.
Edit this potted oleander
Oleander, also known as "Liu Tao" and "Half Year Red", is a large evergreen shrub of oleander, which is often pruned into small trees in potted plants, with a plant height of 2 to 3 meters. The stems are erect and smooth, the old branches are grayish brown, the tender branches are green, and the branches are stout, and most of them grow in a trident shape. Leaves lanceolate, 3-lobed, thick leathery, short-stalked, long 10 cm to 25 cm, acute at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, dark green on the surface, pale green on the back, obvious midvein, purple throughout the petiole and peduncle, and a little milk in the branches and leaves. The terminal corolla of cymes is pink to deep red, and the corolla is funnel-shaped. 5-lobed, with wrinkles on the petals, mostly double or semi-double, with a faint special aroma, the fruit is rectangular, and the flowering period is 6- 10. Common cultivated varieties include oleander with white flowers. Oleander with mottled leaves and red flowers. Light yellow oleander with light yellow flowers. Also belonging to the same genus is the European oleander, also known as the big red oleander, which is produced on the Mediterranean coast with purple-brown branches and large oval and lanceolate leaves. Large flowers, dense inflorescences, red double petals, high ornamental value. ? Nerium oleander likes plenty of sunshine and warm and humid climate conditions. It is also slightly cold-resistant, and can overwinter in the open air in warm temperate regions without falling leaves. Family potted plants in Beijing can be wrapped in branches and placed in the leeward and sunny places for the winter. Nerium oleander is strong, barren and drought-resistant, and has low requirements on soil, but it is best to choose loose, fertile and permeable common cultivation soil for potted plants to avoid long-term wet accumulation and waterlogging. It has strong resistance to smoke and various harmful gases. ? Nerium indicum is propagated mainly by cutting. In April, combined with plastic pruning, a stout branch with a length of about 15 cm was cut for cutting. Dozens can be tied into a bundle and soaked in shallow water, and the water depth reaches 1/3 of the cutting. The shallow basin is sealed with plastic bags and exposed to high temperature sunlight. After two weeks, the roots were taken out and maintained in small pots or seedling bags with common cultivated soil seeds. Cuttings survive and germinate, choose a robust bud to develop into a new plant, and erase the rest. When the new plant grows to a height of 20 cm, replace it with a pot with an inner diameter of 20 cm, and fill the pot with soil at the base of the new plant, that is, bury the original cuttings in the soil to form rhizomes, produce a large number of fibrous roots, and promote the vigorous growth of the new plant. In the next spring, the stems will be trimmed and trimmed to form three branches and nine plump and strong plants. ? Many tender buds often sprout in clusters at the base of old oleander plants. When it grows to the length of 10 cm, it can be broken off with the heel and inserted into the fully decomposed culture soil for shading and moisturizing, and the survival rate is also very high. ? Nerium indicum has strong naturalness and extensive cultivation management. Pot culture has doubled 1 time in 2 years, and a little long-acting fertilizer with feather hoof angle can be put at the bottom of the pot. Liquid fertilizer can be applied 1 time to 2 times according to the growth situation. Nerium oleander is resistant to pruning and has strong germination ability. Aging plants can be updated and pruned by turning pots and changing soil in spring, and all branches are cut off from the base to promote the germination and rejuvenation of new branches. Generally, plants should be pruned moderately in spring to keep their posture symmetrical and the trees strong. ? Potted plants should be watered and sprayed frequently in summer to keep the soil and environment moist, but they should not accumulate water for a long time. Oleander has another feature. As long as you encounter drought, dehydration or waterlogging, the leaves at the lower part of the plant will soon turn yellow and fall off, so water them in a timely and appropriate amount. Pay attention to saving water after strong cutting in early spring to prevent root infection and rot. Loosen the pot soil in time and pick off the flowers in time after withering. In summer, aphids and red spiders are occasionally harmful, and general pesticides can be eliminated.
Edit the medicinal value of this paragraph.
Oleander is oleander. ? The leaves of Zipaihua. This product belongs to cardiotonic medicine. Bitter taste, cold nature, toxic, entering the heart meridian. Its main functions are strengthening the heart and diuresis, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma, relieving pain and removing blood stasis. Modern clinic uses this medicine to treat heart failure, wheezing and coughing, epilepsy, traumatic injury, amenorrhea and alopecia areata. This product is toxic, the dosage is 0.3 ~ 0.9? g .
1? pharmacological action
1. 1? Cardiotonic effect: Leaves, stems, bark, wood and flowers of oleander have obvious cardiotonic effect, among which leaves have the strongest effect. Oleanolic acid C contained in the alcohol extract of its leaves has a cardiac glycoside-like effect on the heart and electrocardiogram of experimental animals, which can enhance the contractility of myocardial fibers, prolong refractory period, inhibit cardiac conduction and stimulate vagus nerve to further reduce cardiac conduction function. Its effective dose can strengthen the myocardial contraction of experimental animals, and at the same time, the blood pressure increases, and when it approaches poisoning, the blood pressure begins to decrease, and the heart rhythm is disordered. It is a late-acting cardiac glycoside, stronger than digitalis and weaker than echinacoside. ? 1.2? Diuretic effect: the extract and alcohol extract have diuretic effect on experimental animals, but they are weaker than digitalis. ? 1.3? Sedative effect: the water decoction and alcohol extract of Nerium indicum have sedative effect on experimental mice, which is characterized by decreased spontaneous activity and drowsiness, which can prolong the sleep time of barbital, but has no anticonvulsant effect, and its sedative effect appears after the heart rhythm changes. ? 1.4? Insecticidal effect: Its bark water extract and gum have insecticidal and molluscicidal effects. The toxicity of water extract and alcohol extract of Nerium indicum leaves to Verticillium dahliae is 65,438+04 times that of standard molluscicide niclosamide, and also better than molluscicides Anguo and phorate. ? 1.5? Other effects: Oleanolic acid C has a strong emetic effect and is stable to heat. Low dose inhibits uterine contraction and vasodilation, while high dose enhances uterine muscle tension and contracts vascular smooth muscle. In addition, the leaves can inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. ? 1.6? In vivo process: the ingested oleander is quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. After oral administration, the experimental cat absorbed about 50% within 3 hours. The oral absorption rate of oleanolic acid C measured by pigeons is 53%, which is about twice as high as that of digitalis and digoxin, so it takes effect quickly, but the cumulative effect is obvious. The pigeon accumulation rate is 37%, which is between Echinococcus and digitalis. 56.3% was eliminated in 3 days, and/kloc-0 was excreted in 5 days. Animal experiments also show that oral oleanolide C needs twice the dosage of intravenous injection to achieve the same effect.
2? Clinical application research
Mainly used to treat heart failure, the main purpose of editing this paragraph is
Ornamental value: oleander leaves are like willows, and its red flowers are burning, which is better than peach blossoms. Its corolla is pink to dark red or white, with special fragrance, and its flowering period is from June to 10. It is a famous ornamental flower. ? Industrial raw materials: oleander seeds contain 58.5% oil, which can be used to make lubricating oil. ? Textile raw materials: The stem bark fiber of oleander is an excellent blended raw material. ? Medicinal value: Modern medical research has proved that oleander leaves contain oleanolide, glycoside and other substances, and flowers contain digitalis glycoside, aglycone, peach glycoside and other components. They have obvious cardiotonic diuretic, sweating, emetic and analgesic effects, which are similar to digitalis and belong to chronic cardiotonic drugs. Clinical report of oleander decoction. It has been used in heart failure caused by various reasons and achieved good results. Nerium indicum is bitter, cold and toxic, and can be used to treat heart disease, heart failure and amenorrhea, as well as traumatic injury, blood stasis and swelling and pain. ? Nature and taste: bitter, cold and toxic. Into the heart, lungs and kidneys. ? It is not suitable for long-term use, and excessive use will lead to poisoning. ? Compatibility: 1, used together with Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, mainly used for heart and kidney yang deficiency and palpitation caused by water pathogen. 2, with cassia twig, the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging menstruation and relieving pain is enhanced. 3, with ephedra, asthma and cough, diuretic swelling. ? Environmental protection value: oleander has the ability to resist smoke and dust, poison, purify air and protect the environment. The leaves of oleander have strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and other gases that are toxic and harmful to human body. According to the determination, the potted oleander was only slightly damaged at the distance of 40 meters from the pollution source, but it was basically harmless at 170 meters, and it could still bloom normally. The sulfur content of its leaves is more than 7 times higher than that of unpolluted leaves. Nerium oleander can thrive even if it is covered with dust, so it is called "environmental guardian".
Notes for editing this paragraph
Leaves and stem bark are highly toxic, so use them with caution when decocting or grinding. Fish ponds and pastures are not suitable for planting. ? Oleander poisoning: Poisoning symptoms due to medicinal use or taking too much oleander by mistake. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, delirium, even sweating, limb syncope, arrhythmia and even shock death. Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment. ? Peach blossom of oleander
This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is toxic to leaves, skins and roots. The toxicity of fresh bark is weaker than that of Ye Qiang, and the toxicity of dried flowers is even weaker [A-8]. In the initial stage after poisoning, people mainly have gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, followed by heart symptoms, such as palpitation, irregular pulse and premature beats. Electrocardiogram includes sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, ventricular or atrial tachycardia, and nervous system symptoms include salivation, dizziness, drowsiness and numbness of limbs. In severe cases, dilated pupils, bloody stool, lethargy and convulsions lead to death. The symptoms of animal poisoning are similar. After cow poisoning, severe cases appear cold skin syncope, dilated pupils, loss of appetite and rumination, palpitation, diarrhea, rapid pulse and sudden death. Autopsy found that there were flowing blood samples in gastrointestinal tract, mucosal congestion and bleeding, and bleeding spots in endocardium. 1. directly stimulates myocardium, enhances contractility, and causes extra contraction of ventricle or ventricular fibrillation and atrioventricular block. 2. Excite the medulla oblongata center, make the vagus nerve hyperfunction, thus slow down the heartbeat, increase the myocardial tension, lead to sinus arrhythmia, and form incomplete or complete cardiac block and cardiac arrest. 3. Stimulate smooth muscle contraction of intestine, stomach and uterus, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and abortion. Beer. Enhance vasoconstriction, make tiny capillaries congested or even bleeding, especially internal organs, which are often dark red.
Edit this paragraph as a special reminder
The whole plant of oleander is highly toxic, and the symptoms after poisoning include nausea, vomiting, lethargy and arrhythmia. In severe cases, you may lose consciousness or die. So, in the face of oleander, just appreciate it and don't start work!
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