2. Water and fertilizer management. Pot soil should be disinfected before use, such as cooking disinfection, baking disinfection or drug disinfection. Because the roots of fruit trees can only absorb nutrients from pots, and the nutrients in pot soil alone can not meet the needs of fruit trees' growth and development, water and fertilizer management must be paid attention to during the growth period of fruit trees. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer and rational application of chemical fertilizer.
3. Pour the basin in time. Because the nutrients in the pot soil will be absorbed by fruit trees or washed away by frequent watering, the pot should be emptied in time and replaced with new nutrient soil every 2 ~ 3 years. When filling the pot, mix the organic fertilizer and nutrient soil to fill the bottom, then bring the soil into the pot, and add the pot soil mixed with fertilizer around to fill it. After watering the basin, water it once.
4. Crown control and plastic surgery. According to the types and varieties of fruit trees, such as vertical and drooping. Fruit bonsai can be shaped into various shapes. It should not only be beneficial to the result, but also have aesthetic effect and improve its ornamental value. Commonly used measures to promote dwarfing, shaping and pruning of flowers include sprouting, coring, taking branches, bending branches, ring cutting, shrinking branches and pulling branches.
5. tidy up this tree. The illumination can be enhanced by opening branches, thinning long branches, dense branches and invalid branches, so that the bonsai of fruit trees can be arranged in an ideal tree shape. In addition, drugs can also be used to make trees shorter. Summer is the vigorous growth period of potted fruit trees. Spraying plant growth retardants on leaves for 2 ~ 3 times can make branches stout, internodes shorter and plants shorter.
6. Flower and fruit management. When the amount of flower buds in fruit tree bonsai is too large, flowers should be thinned during the pregnancy or after the physiological fruit drop period. If the number of flower buds is small, more flower buds can be reserved appropriately for artificial pollination to increase the amount of fruit hanging.
7. Cold winter. In areas where freezing injury does not occur in winter, it is generally not necessary to overwinter indoors, but can overwinter outdoors naturally. In order to ensure the safe overwintering of fruit tree bonsai, water can be poured once before the soil freezes, and then the whole container can be wrapped with straw bags to prevent the cold, or ditches can be dug to bury the pots in the soil to prevent the cold. In the windy areas in winter, we should also pay attention to wind prevention, and we can build a wind-proof wall on the windward side of the wintering area of the nursery.
8, pest control. In pest control, we should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, combining prevention with control". Especially in the growing season, spray 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 500 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder every 20 ~ 30 days to prevent diseases.