1. Variety selection of potted persimmon trees
Generally, potted persimmon varieties are excellent varieties with moderate tree vigor, short tree body, early fruiting, beautiful fruit shape, bright color and long fruiting time. Such as Jiro, Yangfeng, Gambaimu, Lantern Persimmon, Mopan Persimmon, Black Persimmon, Cupping Persimmon, Pomegranate Persimmon and Zen Temple Pill.
Second, choose flowerpots and prepare nutrient soil.
1. Mulberry taproots are developed, so it is necessary to choose a permeable and breathable deep pottery basin. (For annual seedlings, pots with an inner diameter of 20 ~ 30cm and a height of 10 ~ 15cm should be selected. )
2. The basin soil should be sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage and rich humus. Generally, 5 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of humus soil, fine sand 1 part, plant ash 1 part, and decomposed cattle and sheep manure or cake fertilizer 1.5 parts are used and mixed evenly according to the proportion.
Third, about the basin.
Generally, potted plants are transplanted after defoliation in autumn or early winter. Choose robust seedlings with full buds and no pests and diseases. Before planting, cut off the necrotic roots and excessively long lateral roots. When planting, put a few pieces of broken tiles on the hole at the bottom of the pot, add 1 layer of coarse sand, add some nutrient soil, put the seedlings evenly, add enough nutrient soil to tamp them, pour enough water, and maintain them in a place with sufficient light and ventilation.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management.
1. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by quick-acting fertilizer, with less application times and combined with topdressing outside the roots. Fertilization is generally in the late March of budding and branching, and urea is added; At the peak of new shoot growth from May to July, apply 1 times decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer every15 to 20 days; From flowering to fruit setting, water and fertilizer should be controlled to avoid excessive growth of branches in order to promote flower bud differentiation; After fruit setting, watering and fertilization should be resumed, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added, which is beneficial to persimmon fruit coloring and improving its ornamental value. After the fruit is picked, a proper amount of decomposed cake fertilizer powder is buried in the basin; Fertilization was stopped after mid-September.
2. Water potted persimmon trees to keep the soil moist and free of water, and water it every morning and evening in summer 1 time. Water 1 time for three days in autumn to keep soil moisture, reduce soil moisture range and maintain normal physiological activities of trees. Watering should be strictly controlled during dormancy, and the soil in the basin should not be too dry.
Five, plastic pruning
1. Persimmon trees can be selected according to their growth characteristics, and can be shaped into natural round heads, evacuation layers, towers, cups and other trees that are beneficial to results and have aesthetic appreciation value. Generally, in winter, weak branches and overlapping branches are pruned to increase indoor ventilation and light transmission, but excessive thinning will make the remaining branches elongate rapidly and appear bald and dry. In summer, the weak branches on the main branches inside and outside the crown and the buds at the cutting mouth should be removed in time. For new shoots with vigorous growth, branches with appropriate length can be left before and after flowering to pick the core, which can promote the secondary branches to form flower buds in the current year and is beneficial to fruit setting in the next year.
2. Application of early fruiting and flower promotion techniques, such as ring cutting, bud smearing, core removal, branch pulling, appropriate load increase, retraction and other measures to control the crown. Or use chemical control techniques such as plant growth inhibitors to make branches stout, internodes shorter and plants shorter.
Six, temperature management and daily management
1, temperature and light: it can be kept in a sunny and well-ventilated place during the growing period; In winter, persimmon trees should be placed in outdoor shade to enter dormancy period, so as to lay a good foundation for the germination of persimmon trees in the coming year.
Pour the basin once every 2.3 years. When changing pots, first turn the bamboo pieces around the inner wall of the pot, remove some old soil after taking them out, put the prepared nutrient soil into the pot, cut off the redundant roots around it, replant them into the pot, seal the soil and pour enough water.
Seven, flower and fruit management
In order to promote flowers and protect fruits, plants with vigorous growth can also be peeled with double semi-rings from late May to early June. Artificial pollination is carried out in the full flowering period, and other buds except 2-3 upward at the base of the fruiting branch are removed 10 ~ 15 days before flowering. After physiological fruit dropping, the fruit is thinned, and 2-3 fruiting branches are left in each fruiting mother branch, and 2-3 fruits are left in each fruiting branch, so as to improve the fruit quality and ornamental value of potted fruit trees.
Eight, pest control
The main pests and diseases of potted persimmon trees are powdery mildew, scab, persimmon stalk worm, persimmon scale, scarab, leafhopper and so on. The principle of "prevention first, combination of prevention and control, physical prevention and control first, supplemented by chemical prevention and control" should be followed. When diseases and insect pests occur, it is necessary to remove diseased branches, fruits and leaves in time, scrape off diseased spots and artificially catch pests. When serious pests and diseases occur, you can choose to spray 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 500 times solution of 65% zineb wettable powder to prevent diseases.