The cause of disease
Gynecological diseases are mainly divided into seven categories: gynecological inflammation, induced abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, irregular menstruation, infertility, gynecological plastic surgery and gynecological tumors, and each category has several minor illnesses:
Gynecological inflammation: cervicitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, etc.
Induced abortion: painless abortion, visual abortion, minimally invasive abortion, drug abortion, etc.
Sexually transmitted diseases include: condyloma acuminatum, syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, AIDS and so on.
Irregular menstruation: ovarian diseases, endocrine diseases, gynecological inflammation and other reasons;
Infertility: cervical infertility, endocrine infertility, uterine infertility, tubal infertility, etc.
Gynecological plastic surgery: labial plastic surgery, breast enhancement, hymen repair, vaginal contraction, vulvar leukoplakia, pelvic floor dysfunction, etc.
Gynecological tumors: hysteromyoma, cervical cyst, ovarian tumor, cervical cancer, etc.
Site classification
① Vaginal diseases; ② Uterine diseases; ③ Ovarian diseases; ④ Tubal diseases; ⑤ Pelvic diseases; ⑥ vulvar diseases.
cheque
1. hole
Objective: To check whether the vulva skin is smooth, the color is normal, and whether there are ulcers, dermatitis, vegetation and hypopigmentation. Normal vulva: pubic hair is pointed downward, triangular distribution, pigmentation of labia majora, reddish labia minora, clitoris length < 2.5cm, and pale pink mucosa around urethral orifice. Then use a speculum to further examine the vagina and cervix.
2. Vagina
Objective: To check whether the surface of vaginal mucosa is smooth, whether the texture is normal, whether there is bleeding point, and whether the characteristics and smell of vaginal secretions are normal. Normal vagina: the mucosa of vaginal wall is pale pink with wrinkles, without ulcers, vegetation, cysts and congenital malformations. The secretion is egg white or white paste, without fishy smell, and the amount is small, but it increases during ovulation and pregnancy. If you want to check leucorrhea, the doctor will take the specimen at this time.
3. The cervix
Objective: To observe whether there are tumors, ulcers, erosions and polyps on the cervix, whether the size of the cervix is normal, whether the surface is smooth, whether the texture is excellent, and whether there is uterine prolapse. Normal cervix: the periphery is raised and there is a hole in the middle. The parturient is round and I-shaped, tough, fleshy and smooth. If you want to do a smear examination of cervical cancer, the doctor will take samples at this time.
4. Uterus and its accessories
Objective: To understand the position, activity and texture of uterine fundus. If the uterus is enlarged, hardened and the surface is not smooth, it is abnormal and needs further examination. Normal uterus: inverted pear-shaped, 5 ~ 6 cm long, 4 ~ 5~6cm wide and 3 ~ 4~5cm thick. Most of them are in the forward position, with moderate hardness and good maneuverability. Ovary and fallopian tube are collectively called "attachments", which can move and feel slight pain after touching. Normal fallopian tubes should not be touched.
The doctor took out the speculum, put on a pair of thin rubber gloves, coated with vaseline, slowly put one or two fingers into the vagina, and put the other hand on the lower abdomen to press down hard. This is an examination of the uterus and accessories. Fingers will feel pain when touching the bottom of the uterus, but the time is not long, 1 minute or so.
Check leucorrhea
Vaginal secretions were smeared and observed under a microscope, and the cleanliness of vagina was judged according to the number of vaginal bacilli, white blood cells (WBC) and miscellaneous bacteria. * * * divided into 4 degrees:
Degree I: There are a lot of vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells, no miscellaneous bacteria and white blood cells, and the visual field is clean, which is normal secretion.
Second degree: vaginal bacilli and epithelial cells are medium, and a small amount of white blood cells and miscellaneous bacteria are still normal vaginal secretions.
ⅲ degree: a little vaginal bacilli and squamous epithelium, more mixed bacteria and white blood cells, suggesting mild vaginal inflammation.
ⅳ degree: no vaginal bacilli, only a few epithelial cells, a large number of white blood cells and miscellaneous bacteria. It is suggested that there is serious vaginal inflammation, such as fungal vaginitis and trichomonal vaginitis.
6. Gynecological B-ultrasound
(1) Congenital dysplasia of reproductive organs, such as congenital absence of uterus, various uterine malformations (double uterus, double vagina, double horn uterus, residual horn uterus and mediastinal uterus), abnormal hymen development (atresia and hematocele) and ectopic kidney (pelvic kidney).
(2) Endometriosis (adenomyosis, chocolate cyst of ovary).
(3) Endometrial cavity lesions such as incomplete abortion, abnormal or missed abortion, hydatidiform mole, endometrial hyperplasia, polyp, adenocarcinoma of uterine body, etc.
(4) Understand the position, deformation, incarceration, perforation, outbound travel or pregnancy of the band.
(5) Cervical lesions such as cervical hypertrophy, Nessler's cyst and polyp.
(6) Pelvic genital inflammation such as pyometra and hydrosalpinx.
(7) Postoperative examination after hysterectomy.
(8) Follicle cyst, corpus luteum cyst, luteinized cyst, polycystic ovary, ovarian hematoma, ovarian crown cyst and other gynecological non-neoplastic tumors.
(9) Gynecological tumors ① benign, such as hysteromyoma and various ovarian cysts. ② Malignant, such as adenocarcinoma of uterine body, choriocarcinoma, primary or secondary ovarian cancer, etc.
Common diseases
1. Functional uterine bleeding
It is the name of modern medicine, which refers to uterine bleeding caused by ovarian dysfunction, referred to as "dysfunctional uterine bleeding".
2. Vaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is a rare malignant tumor of vagina, which can be divided into primary and secondary.
3. vulvar cancer
Vulvar carcinoma is a malignant tumor of vulva, which is not uncommon.
4. Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in ovarian tissue. Clinically, there may be symptoms such as lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, menstrual disorder and oppression.
5. Cervical cancer
Cervical vagina or cervical canal epithelial cells become cancerous. Histologically, cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma are the main causes.
6. Uterine cancer
More refers to uterine body cancer, that is, endometrial cancer. Symptoms such as irregular vaginal bleeding can appear in the early stage.
7.mole
Cystic fetal quality, abnormal proliferation of placental villi trophoblast after pregnancy, making the terminal villi become blisters, and the connection between blisters is like a grape string.
8. cervicitis
Cervicitis is a common disease of women of childbearing age, which can be divided into acute and chronic, and chronic cervicitis is more common in clinic.
9. Vaginitis
Vaginitis is a common disease in gynecological clinic. Clinically, the main manifestations are the change of leucorrhea, pruritus and burning pain of vulva, and sexual pain is also very common.
10. pelvic inflammatory disease
Inflammation of female internal genitalia (such as uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, pelvic peritoneum) and its surrounding connective tissue and pelvic peritoneum is called pelvic inflammatory disease.
1 1. appendicitis
Refers to inflammation of fallopian tubes and ovaries. However, salpingitis and oophoritis are often accompanied by periuterine connective tissue inflammation and pelvic peritonitis, so it is difficult to distinguish them when diagnosing.
12. Choriocarcinoma
Also known as choriocarcinoma, it is a highly malignant trophoblastic tumor, which mainly occurs in women of childbearing age and is called "choriocarcinoma of pregnancy".
13. Uterine prolapse
The supporting tissue of the uterus is damaged and weak, which makes the uterus descend along the vagina, the external opening of the cervix drops below the level of the sciatic spine, and the uterus is all out of the vaginal opening.
14. hysteromyoma
Uterine myoma is the most common benign tumor of female reproductive organs, which mostly occurs in middle-aged women and has a high incidence among women aged 30-50.
15. Premature ovarian failure
Normal women's ovarian function begins to decline between the ages of 45 and 50. If there are signs of decline before the age of 40, it is medically called premature ovarian failure.
16. Vaginal spasm
Before or during sexual intercourse, the vagina and pelvic floor surround the muscles around the vagina 1/3, resulting in involuntary severe and persistent spasmodic contraction.
17. Endometritis
It is inflammation of the endometrium. It can be divided into acute endometritis and chronic endometritis according to the length of the disease course.
18. Endometriosis
Under normal circumstances, the endometrium covers the surface of the uterine cavity, if for some reason, the endometrium grows in other parts of the body.
19. Genital dysplasia
Including vaginal atresia, double vagina, double cervix, uterine diaphragm, double uterus and so on.